Кондратева Импрове ёур Енглиш 2011
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4.Although no further heat treatments were used this technique should result in similar thermal histories for all specimens.
5.The dramatic effect of anneal temperature has been qualitatively reproduced by several workers using different furnace systems.
6.The findings of the previous experiments show that the convergence of the calculations is up to the highest standards of the present state-of-the-art.
7.Until breakthrough of rare earth elements was achieved the waste solution was allowed to pass through the sodium zirconate bed.
8.Several government activities and a number of industrial concerns have contributed money and brainpower for the solution of the problem.
9.Backup is defined as an item under development intended to perform the same general functions which another item also under development will perform.
10.The baseline system is limited to include the best developed technology of the time period just prior to the definition phase.
11.They had heard of the great part he played in the build-up of technical effort in the country.
12.This is a case history of how some ideas and concepts go through many research phases before reaching a practical application.
13.This important new book considers one of the most important and challenging problems in technology today.
14.Symposia are important means of coupling research to users.
15.The department demanded the crash development of ground equipment.
16.Experiments aboard the rocket will study the earth's magnetic field and radiation belts.
17.The fail-safe tests described in this communication have been performed with success during a period of slightly more than two years.
18.It is recommended to find out what technological fall-out there has been from the research program.
19.The technical project manager must have the courage to take risks in the early design stage when there is no feedback of test facts.
20.The next generation of airway expresses will be supersonic.
21.Now the industry has the know-how and capability to produce the solar cell units for the satellites.
22.The performance is no longer marginal.
23.Research overlapping will be the prime subject of attention.
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24.Manufacturing and test facilities prove to be the pacing items in the availability of hardware.
25.The control package represents the nerve centre of a power plant.
26.There are many differences between these two systems in philosophy and design.
27.It is especially important that systematic trouble shooting procedures be provided.
28.Value engineering is a technique for reducing total cost while maintaining or improving the overall usefulness of the product or service.
III. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS (Идиоматические выражения)
after all |
— все же, в конце концов |
after a while |
— через некоторое время |
all but |
— почти,едва не |
all in all |
— всего-навсего, в целом, в основном |
all over |
— повсюду, по всему |
and so forth (and so on) |
— и так далее |
apart from |
— кроме, не считая, помимо |
as compared to |
— по сравнению с |
as a general rule |
— как правило |
as a matter of fact |
— фактически, на самом деле |
as regards |
— что касается |
as such |
— как таковой, сам по себе |
at all times |
— всегда |
at most |
— самое большое, в лучшем случае |
at random |
— наугад, наудачу, произвольно |
at that |
— вдобавок |
at the expense of |
— за счет |
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before long |
— вскоре, скоро |
|
by now |
— к настоящему моменту |
|
by the way |
— между прочим |
|
by then |
— к тому времени |
|
combined with |
наряду с |
|
contrary to |
в противоположность |
|
do without |
обходиться |
|
elsewhere |
— в других источниках |
|
except for |
— за исключением |
|
for a variety of reasons |
— по ряду причин |
|
for a while |
— на некоторое время |
|
for certain |
— наверняка, с уверенностью |
|
for ever |
|
|
for good |
— навсегда |
|
for long |
|
|
for granted |
— без доказательств |
|
for lack of |
— из-за отсутствия, из-за недостатка |
|
for want of |
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for short |
— для краткости, короче |
|
for the most part |
— главным образом, большей частью |
|
for the present |
— на этот раз |
|
for the rest |
— в остальном |
|
for the sake/benefit of |
— ради чего-то, для |
|
for the time being |
— на некоторое время, пока |
|
in a way |
— отчасти, до некоторой степени |
|
in addition to |
— вдобавок, кроме того |
|
in advance |
— вперед, заранее |
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in/at all events |
— во всяком случае |
in ail respects |
— во всех отношениях |
in an effort |
— при попытке |
in as much as |
— поскольку; ввиду того, что |
in comparison with |
— по сравнению |
in keeping with |
— в соответствии с |
in no respect |
— ни в коем отношении |
in no time |
— очень быстро |
in no way |
— никоим образом |
in part |
— частично, отчасти |
in particular |
— в особенности, в частности |
in place of |
— вместо |
in the first place/instance |
— во-первых, сначала, прежде всего |
in the long run |
— в конце концов |
in the next place |
— затем |
in relation to |
— относительно |
in series/succession |
— последовательно |
in short |
— короче говоря |
in the short run |
— вскоре, в ближайшем будущем |
in step |
— одновременно, синхронно |
in this way |
— таким образом |
it has nothing to do |
— ничего не имеет общего |
long before |
— задолго |
no sooner than |
— как только |
not until (after) |
— только после того, как; |
|
только тогда, когда |
on the average |
— в среднем |
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on the whole |
— в целом |
|
or so |
— или около того (этого) |
|
so as to |
— так, чтобы; с тем, чтобы |
|
so far |
— до сих пор |
|
so long as |
— поскольку, пока |
|
so much for (the theory) |
— это всё, что касается (теории) |
|
so that |
— так, чтобы; так, что |
|
step by step |
— шаг за шагом |
|
the former |
— первый (из упомянутых) |
|
the latter |
— последний (из упомянутых) |
|
the more so |
— тем более |
|
this is why |
— вот почему |
|
this time |
— на этот раз |
|
thus far |
— до сих пор |
|
together with |
— наряду с |
|
to some extent |
— до некоторой степени |
|
to a certain extent |
||
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unless otherwise |
|
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indicated, |
|
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mentioned |
— если не указано особо |
|
specified |
||
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stated |
|
|
until recently |
— до недавнего времени |
|
up to now |
— до сих пор |
|
with respect to |
— в отношении |
|
with/in reference to |
— в отношении, относительно |
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with/in regard to |
— в отношении, что касается |
with that |
— при этом |
within the range |
— в пределах |
without considera- |
— не учитывая |
tion/regard for |
|
without doubt |
— несомненно |
without reference to |
— безотносительно к; независимо от |
VI. CONVERSATIONAL PRACTICE (Разговорная практика)
Part A
Topics connected with your background, studies, work and scientific activities.
Personal Profile
You have translated and managed to retell your article at your English Language Exam and now it is time to have a bit of conversational practice. Guess what the first question is? – "Tell me about yourself."
Think!
What would your answer be like? Answer the question in pairs.
Reading
Read the practical tips below. Which ones would you follow? Tick them.
Think of the following points while preparing for the answer.
You:
Give a brief summary of your personal details: You have to give your name, where you are from. You may also give any other personal detail that you choose to provide.
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Your education:
You should tell the examiner about your educational background and any relevant miscellaneous educational qualifications that you might have acquired.
Professional experience:
Standard questions during an exam “Tell me about your professional experience”. Depending on whether you have a current job or not, you should share your previous job experience. If you do not work, you could share your ideas on what you think your future job would be like.
Scientific work
This is probably the toughest part of your answer. It is up to you to name the field of your research, the subject of your Ph.D. thesis and its main points.
Avoid giving unnecessary details. Value your examiner’s and other students’ time.
The ideal answer should not last more than 2 minutes.
Good luck.
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Compare your ideas in pairs.
Is it necessary to speak about your scientific research in detail at this stage of your answer?
Vocabulary
At the exam you might be asked some more personal questions. Use the following patterns when dealing with them. Use a dictionary if needed.
Names
QUESTIONS
What is your name?
What is your surname / last name?
How do you spell your last name?
Do you have a nickname?
Education
ANSWERS
My name is _______.
My surname / last name is
_______
P-E-T-R-O-V
Yes, my nickname is _______ or No, I don't.
What Institute did you graduate |
I graduated from _______ |
from? |
|
What faculty did you study at? |
I was in _____ faculty |
What department did you study at? I specialized at the department of
|
________ |
Why did you decide to enter a |
I entered a postgraduate course |
postgraduate course? |
because ____. |
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Work & Occupation
What do you do?
Where do you work?
Do you like your job?
Why do you like your job?
Marital Status
Are you married / single?
Have you got a boyfriend / girlfriend?
What is your partner's name?
Family
Do you have any children?
What are their names?
How many brothers and sisters do you have?
Age
How old are you?
When is your birthday?
Where were you born?
I am a _______.
I work at _______.
Yes, I do. or No, I don't
I like my job because _______.
Yes, I am. or No I'm not.
Yes, I do. or No, I don't.
My partner's name is _______.
Yes, I have _______ children. or No, I don't
Their names are _______.
I have _______ brothers and
_______ sisters.
I am _______ years old.
My birthday is on the _______ of
_______.
I was born in _______.
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Contact Information
Where are you from?
What is your address?
What is your phone number? What is your cell phone number?
Do you live with your parents? Do you live alone?
Who do you live with?
Do you live in a house or an apartment?
What is your e-mail address?
Free time activities
What do you do in your free time? What are your hobbies?
What type of music do you like?
Do you have a favourite singer or group?
What types of movies do you like? Do you like to read?
What do you like to read?
I am from _______. My address is _______.
My phone number is _______.
My cell phone number is
_______.
Yes, I do. or No, I don't. Yes, I do. or No, I don't. I live with my _______. I live in a/an _______.
My e-mail address is _______.
In my free time I _______. My hobbies are _______. I like _______ music.
My favourite singer / group is
_______.
I like _______ movies. Yes, I do. or No, I don't. I like to read _______.
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