УМК ин.яз.(английский) БТФ
.pdfwho they are? Who? The rector, vice-rectors, deans, subdeans... and what about those ladies? Heads of departments and senior lecturers? Okay. Some of them must be professors, some — associate or assistant professors, but, of course, all of them have high academic degrees. And where are our lecturers and tutors? Oh, how nice...
The monitors hand out student membership cards, student record books and library cards — one feels like a real person. First celebrations and then days of hard work. So many classes, so many new subjects to put on the timetable! The curriculum seems to be developed especially for geniuses. Lectures, seminars and tutorials. Home preparations; a real avalanche of homework.
If one can not cope with the work load of college he or she immediately starts lagging behind. It is easier to keep pace with the programme than to catch up with it later. Everyone tries hard to be, or at least to look, diligent. First tests and examination sessions. The first successes and first failures: ”I have passed!“ or ”He has not given me a pass!“ Tears and smiles. And a long-awaited vacation.
The merry-go-round runs faster. Assignments, written reproductions, compositions, synopses, papers. Translations checked up and marked. ”Professor, I have never played truant, I had a good excuse for missing classes.“ Works handed in and handed out. Reading up for exams. ”No, professor, I have never cheated — no cribs. I just crammed.“
Junior students become senior. Still all of them are one family — undergraduates. Student’s parties in the student's club. Meeting people and parting with people. You know, Nora is going to be expelled and Dora is going to graduate with honours. Yearly essays, graduation dissertations, finals...
What? A teacher’s certificate? You mean, I’ve got a degree in English? I am happy! It is over! It is over... Is it over? Oh, no...
A postgraduate course, a thesis, an oral, and a degree in Philology. The first of September. Where are the students of the faculty of foreign languages? Is it the English department? Oh, how nice...
Exercise 1
Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:
студент дневной формы обучения, студент заочной формы обучения, абитуриент, сдавать экзамены, первокурсник, ректор, проректор, декан, заместитель декана, староста, вручать студенческие билеты, читательский билет, справляться с работой, экзаменационная сессия, прогуливать занятия, списывать.
Exercise 2
Complete the following sentences:
1.Who can forget the first day at the university when…
2.The monitors hand out…
3.If one can not cope with the work load of college he…
4.It is easier to keep pace with…
Exercise 3
Answer the questions:
1.What can college life be compared with?
2.Why is the first day at the university or college unforgettable?
3.What are the duties of the monitor?
4.How can you describe college life?
HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
Study the following words, which are often confused by students of English:
I. diploma — degree — certificate — licence — qualifications.
A diploma is often a lower qualification than a degree and may be awarded for a practical or more specialized skill.
E.g. Pat has a degree is maths. I did a course in hairdressing and gained a diploma.
A certificate is a document marking official recognition of smth.: a birth/marriage/death certificate.
A licence (Am.E.: license) is an official written/printed statement giving permission to do something, usually for a fixed payment and sometimes after a test: a driving licence/a dog licence.
E.g. When did you get your driving license/diploma?
II. college — university
A university is an institution that awards degrees.
A college is any institution of higher learning, not always leading to a degree; in the UK a university may consist of different colleges; some independent schools use College as part of their title: e.g. Eton College. E.g Tom’s at college for three years to study engineering.
1. You are going to read the text about the System of Higher education in Great Britain. Before you read
1)consult the dictionary and translate all the underlined words.
2)try to answer the following questions:
•What do you know about the system of higher education in Great
Britain?
•Do you think British universities differ much from those in your
country?
3)look at the sentences below and decide if you think they are true or
false.
Students studying for first degrees are known as “undergraduates”
Undergraduate courses in British Universities normally take three or four years of full-time study.
The most famous universities in Britain are Oxford and Cambridge The Academic Year starts in September.
All British universities are private institutions. Doctor of Science is the highest degree.
Higher Education in Great Britain
The UK post-school institutions of higher education are universities, polytechnics and other higher education colleges.
All British universities are private institutions. Students have to pay fees and living costs, but every student may obtain a personal grant from local authorities. If the parents do not earn much money, their children will receive a full grant which will cover all the expenses. Students studying for first degrees are known as
“undergraduates”. New undergraduates in some universities are called “freshers”.
They have lectures, there are regular seminars.
After three or four years the students will take their finals. Those who pass examinations successfully are given the Bachelor’s degree: Bachelor of Arts for
History or Bachelor of Science. The first postgraduate degree is Master of Arts, Master of Science. Doctor of Philosophy is the highest degree. It is given for some original research work which is an important contribution to knowledge. Open Days are a chance for applicants to see the university, meet students and ask questions. All this will help you decide whether you have made the right choice.
The Academic Year has three terms; it starts in October, each term lasting eight weeks at Oxford and Cambridge, or ten weeks at other universities. Students have vocations at Christmas, at Easter, and the so called «Long Vac» in summer.
The most famous universities in Britain are Oxford and Cambridge. They are the two oldest English universities and they both have a long and eventful history of their own. Oxford and Cambridge are regarded as being academically superior to other universities and as giving special privilege and prestige. Cambridge University consists of a group of 32 independent colleges. The first students came to the city in 1209 and studied in the schools of the cathedral and monasteries.
Further education in Britain is for people over 16 taking courses at various levels up to the standard required for entry to higher education. The Open University offers degrees for people who do not have a formal education and qualifications, or who are older. Students study at home and then post them off to a tutor for marking. Most courses take six years and students get a number of credits for each year’s work. The Open University was founded in 1969 and started its first course in 1971. About 120, 000 people have enrolled since then.
Ex. 2 Answer the following questions:
•What institutions does the system of higher education in Great Britain consist of?
•Are all British universities private institutions?
3. How are students studying for first degrees called?
4.When will the students take their finals?
5.Which of the students is given the Bachelor’s degree?
6.What is the first postgraduate degree?
7.When do students have vocations in Britain?
8.What are the most famous universities in Britain?
9.What colleges does Cambridge consist of?
10.What does the Open University offer?
Ex. 3 Find English equivalents in the text:
• Частное учреждение; 2) плата за проживание; 3) местный орган власти; 4) покрывать все расходы; 5) абитуриенты; 6) сделать правильный выбор; 7) обладать особой привилегией и престижем; 8) Открытый университет.
Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Translate the words given in brackets into English. Use the words and phrases from the text:
1.Some students will receive a full grant which (покроет все расходы).
2.After three or four years the students (будут сдавать) their finals.
3.It can help you decide whether you have made (правильный выбор).
4.Oxford and Cambridge (считаются) as being academically superior to other universities.
5.Students study at home and then (отправляют их) to a tutor for marking.
6.Most courses at the Open University (занимают) six years.
Ex. 6 Retell the text.
EACH MAN IS A CREATOR OF A TEMPLE
CALLED HUMAN BODY
Healthy Living
Topical Vocabulary
healthy lifestyle |
здоровый образ жизни |
to be in good health |
иметь хорошее здоровье |
to feel well |
чувствовать себя хорошо |
balanced diet |
сбалансированная диета |
nutritious food |
питательная пища |
to have regular meals |
регулярно принимать пищу |
to eat plenty of fruit and vegetables |
кушать много фруктов и овощей |
to avoid junk food |
избегать нездоровой пищи |
proteins |
протеины |
fats |
жиры |
vitamins |
витамины |
minerals |
минералы |
to be overweight |
иметь избыточный вес |
to go on a diet |
сесть на диету |
to stay slim |
оставаться стройным |
regular exercises |
регулярные упражнения |
to do morning exercises |
делать зарядку |
to go swimming |
заниматься плаванием |
to quit smoking / to give up smoking |
бросить курить |
to cope with stress |
справляться со стрессом |
to be in good shape |
быть в хорошей форме |
regular medical checkups |
регулярные медицинские |
|
обследования |
Consult the dictionary and translate the following words and word combinations:
to feel well, to be in good health, to be physically fit, healthy environment clean water, fresh air
to sleep well, to have / to get a good night's sleep, to have eight hours of sleep preventing injuries and diseases
stress tension
breathe fresh air, do exercises sport, physical education
drug addiction, alcoholism, smoking, AIDS balance of work and rest, healthy food
natural therapeutics, preventive medicine blood vessels
to be hooked on aerobics, shaping, stretching and bodybuilding sport facilities
to strain the muscles flexibility, stamina mobility exercises
to tone the muscles and relieve tension
Vocabulary Exercises
Exercise 1
Fill in the necessary prepositions:
to be hooked … aerobics, to cope … stress, to give … smoking, to be … good health, to go … a diet, to eat plenty … fruit and vegetables.
Exercise 2
Match the words from two columns to make up word combinations: to strain
to relieve to breathe to avoid to give up
to cope with to prevent
smoking stress tension fresh air junk food injuries
the muscles
Exercise 3
Translate into English the following word combinations:
здоровый образ жизни сбалансированная диета кровеносные сосуды быть стройным иметь лишний вес сесть на диету тонизировать мышцы
справляться со стрессом
EACH MAN IS A CREATOR OF A TEMPLE CALLED THE HUMAN
BODY
To begin with I'd like to comment on the metaphor which compares our body to a magnificent temple. In fact, it is a hundred percent true. A human body is a perfectly organized creation with millions of blood vessels. It has an extremely powerful engine that pumps gallons of blood every day. A human brain is a fantastic mind machine. It contains around 100 billion cells, equal to the number of stars in the Milky Way.
Nowadays people are getting more and more concerned about the food they eat, about the air they breathe and the way they look and feel. They begin to comprehend that staying active as you get older gives you more energy and helps to stay off illness. Nowadays we are offered a wide range of sport facilities to achieve general fitness.
From my own experience I can say that some of my friends are simply hooked on aerobics, shaping, stretching and bodybuilding. I must admit that a professional sportsman is always a pleasure to look at: he doesn't smoke or drink alcohol; he keeps to a healthy diet avoiding junk food and always takes regular hours.
Absolute beginners should start with some basic mobility exercises to get them moving. All sports should be made a part of a weekly routine. Regularity and moderation are two basic rules. However, we shouldn't forget that it might be appropriate to get the doctor's approval before. In fact everybody chooses an activity that appeals more to him.
From my point of view, swimming is an excellent exercise. It doesn't strain the muscles as the water supports the body weight. It also helps flexibility, stamina, and heart and lung capability. Cycling is wonderful for balance. In fact you can practice it both indoors and outdoors on a stationary bike.
Yoga is also an ideal option. It's mostly due to the fact that both your body and your mind benefit from yoga classes, as it tones the muscles and relieves tension.
I would also like to draw your attention to the fact that recent research shows that just an hour's brisk walk every day maintains perfect fitness and wards off such diseases as asthma, arthritis, back aches and insomnia.
As a teenager I'd say that the greatest way to combine pleasure and fitness is dancing. Pretty much like jogging it is one of the best ways to boost heart, muscles and lungs. It improves self-control and coordination. Doctors say that a twenty minutes session will give the heart a safe level of protection.
So all these exercises combined with healthy will inevitably provide a person with a healthy body and a peace of mind.
Exercise 1
Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:
человеческое тело, миллионы кровеносных сосудов, быть помешанным на аэробике, придерживаться здоровой диеты, оставаться активным, ослаблять давление, качать кровь.
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences:
1.A human body is …
2.Nowadays people are getting more and more concerned about …
3.Nowadays we are offered …
4.Absolute beginners should…
5.The greatest way to combine pleasure and fitness is …
Exercise 3
Answer the questions:
1.What can we compare our body with? Why?
2.What is a human body?
3.What things are people getting more and more concerned nowadays?
4.Why is a professional sportsman a pleasure to look at?
5.Why is swimming an excellent exercise?
6.Why is yoga an ideal option?
7.Why is dancing the greatest way to combine pleasure and fitness
HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR MENTAL HEALTH
Enjoying oneself is not the goal of mental health. It is a by-product of mental health. Gaining mental health does not mean complete freedom from everyday problems. This is not realistic, not possible. What mental health involves is the ability to cope with problems while keeping a good psychological balance.
How can you go about improving your mental health? There is no single easy answer. Still, there are some things you can do to promote your mental health. A number of important ones are listed below.
Set realistic goals for yourself, then achieve them.
Practice being alone without outside distractions. Learn to be comfortable with yourself.
Identify your good qualities. Be proud of them and of yourself. Make the most of your physical appearance.
Be yourself. Express yourself openly and honestly.
Recognize and face your fears, guilts and hostilities. Accept these as part of being human.
Try to see the value in both good and bad emotional experiences. Practice sharing your feelings with others.
Build friendships by giving and accepting affection.
Join in family, club, or other group activities. Share goals and values. Maintain your physical health.
Accept responsibility for what and who you are and for what you do.
Develop worthwhile skills.
Take advantage of opportunities for new experiences. Learn to enjoy good experiences.
Learn from both successes and failures. Make full use of all your experiences. When someone upsets or annoys you, try to put yourself in that person's
place.
Allow yourself to be pleased with what you are and excited about what you are becoming.
Ask for help when you feel you could use it. Understand that accepting help may be good for the person who helps you as well.
Recognize that nobody's perfect, including yourself.
Exercise 1
Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:
ставить перед собой реалистичные цели, гордиться собой, признавать свои страхи, разделять ценности, брать на себя ответственность, ставить себя на место другого человека.
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences:
1.Gaining mental health does not mean …
2.What mental health involves is …
3.Accept responsibility for …
4.Recognize and face …
5.Learn from both …
6.When someone upsets or annoys you…
Exercise 3
Answer the questions:
1.Is mental health important for us?
2.What does it mean to gain mental health?
3.How can we improve our mental health?
DISCUSSION
Do yon agree or not? Comment on the following statements.
1.Health is the first and greatest of all blessings.
2.Having good health is very different from only being not sick.
3.Walking is the best possible exercise.
ROLE PLAY Keep Fit!
Setting: At the fitness centre.
Situation: A group of young people comes to the fitness centre and share their ideas how to keep fit.
Characters:
Card I — Tom, a professional sportsman. He is in a good physical form and tries to persuade his friends to visit fitness centre regularly.
Card II—III — Linda and Sally, the students. They prefer being on a diet rather than doing sport.
Card IV— Den, a student of the medical university. He knows a lot about the human body and the processes which occur in it.
Card V — Mary, a vegetarian.
WRITING
Write an essay on one of the following topics:
1.Sports provide a person with a healthy body and a sound mind.
2.You should walk every day to keep fit.
3.Most sports help flexibility and stamina.
4.Absolute beginners should start with risky sports.
5.Swimming is undoubtedly an excellent exercise.