LIVER DISEASES
Symptoms. Signs. Syndroms. Diseases.
LIVER DISEASES
Do you know that …
•Liver is a depot for 13% of blood in every given moment
•Liver receives blood from 2 vessels
-oxygenated blood from a. hepatica
-blood with nutrients and metabolic products from v. porta
•Venous blood enters through v. porta and leaves liver via v. hepatica
•Liver may lost ¾ of hepatocytes before hepatic failure develops
•Liver is the unique human organ that can regenerate it self
Liver structure v. portae system
Liver
•Stores sugar needed for energy
•Absorbs good nutrients
•Breaks down poisons (toxins) and drugs
•Makes important proteins that help build new tissue and repair broken tissue
•Produces bile, which helps remove waste from the body
Liver functions
•Synthetic
-synthesis of albumin, coagulation factors, fibrinogen, cholesterol, compliment, binding proteins for iron, copper, vit. A and other
•Detoxification and excretion
-products of metabolism (proteins, steroids, prostaglandins, drugs, alcohol, bilirubin, urea, ammonium and so on)
•Accumulation (deposition)
-glycogen, lipids, iron, copper, vitamins А,В12,D,Е,К
•Secretion
-secretion of bile
Major risk factors for liver disease
•alcohol use
•medications (including herbal compounds, birth control pills, and over-the-counter medications)
•personal habits
•sexual activity
•injection drug use
•recent surgery
•remote or recent transfusion with blood and blood products
•occupation
•familial history of liver disease
Symptoms of liver disorders
Constitutional symptoms
•Fatigue*
•Weakness
•Nausea
•Poor appetite
•Malaise
Liver-specific symptoms
•Jaundice*
•Dark urine*
•Light stools*
•Itching
•Ascites*
•Abdominal pain
•Liver pain
•Bloating
Fatigue
•The most common and most characteristic symptom of liver disease.
•It is variously described as lethargy, weakness, listlessness, malaise, need for sleep, lack of stamina, and poor energy.
•Typically arises after activity or exercise
Jaundice
–A yellow discoloration of the skin or sclera is a manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia and can be congenital or acquired.
–It may be also classified as:
•hemolytic (sickle cell anemia)
•hepatocellular (viral hepatitis)
•and obstructive (carcinoma of bile duct or head of the pancreas).