Гольцева О.Ю. Международное право в официальных документах. Под ред. И.А. Горшеневой

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not complying with the nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty, the Chemical Weapons Commission, the BWC, and the UN framework Convention on Climate Change. This unprecedented rejection of and rapid retreat from global treaties that have in effect kept the peace through the decades will not only continue to isolate U.S. policy, but will also render these treaties and conventions invalid without the support and participation of the world’s foremost superpower.

Exercise 35. Do the two way translation of this text.

VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES

SIGNED AT VIENNA 23 May 1969

ENTRY INTO FORCE: 27 January 1980

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pacta sunt servanda – Latin for "agreements must be kept", is a brocard, a basic principle of civil law and of international law.

a brocard – основной принцип

OVER TO YOU

Translate these articles from Vienna Convention on the Law or Treaties.

Статья 48. Ошибка

1. Государство вправе ссылаться на ошибку в договоре

как на основание недействительности его согласия на обязательность для него этого договора, если ошибка касается факта или ситуации, которые, по предположению этого государства, существовали при заключении договора и представляли собой существенную основу для его согласия на обязательность для него данного договора.

Статья 49. Обман

Если государство заключило договор под влиянием

обманных действий другого участвовавшего в перегово-

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LESSON 6

STRUCTURE OF A TREATY DOCUMENT Starting up

Analyze the following quotation and comment on it. Do you agree? Why do you think Bismark made this remark?

“The secret of politics? Make a good treaty with Russia.”

Otto von Bismark. (1815 – 1898),

a Prussian/German statesman and a dominant figure in world affairs.

Exercise1. Read the text.

Structure of a treaty document

The treaty document covers the following parts: 1. The preamble containing:

*a list of the heads of state in whose names the treaty is concluded;

*a list of plenipotentiaries;

*usually a statement of the purposes and objectives of the treaty, sometimes accompanied by a recital of principles and circumstances;

*a declaration that the plenipotentiaries have the necessary powers.

2. The text generally containing, in the form of numbered articles, the respective agreements of the signatories. It also indicates:

*the requirements for bringing the treaty into force;

*its duration;

*the place where the exchange of ratifications will take place.

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3. The final clauses, specifying that the plenipotentiaries have signed the treaty and have affixed their seals thereto, and including information on:

*the number of signed copies;

*if in more than one language, the languages used, and that each is equally authentic;

*the place and date of signature.

The provisions of a treaty determine the manner in which and the date on which the treaty enters into force. Where the treaty does not specify a date, there is a presumption that the treaty is intended to come into force as soon as all the negotiating states have consented to be bound by the treaty.

After a treaty is concluded, the written instruments, which provide formal evidence of consent to be bound by ratification, accession, and so on, and also reservations and other declarations, are placed in the custody of a depositary, which may be one or more states, or an international organization. The depositary has functions of considerable importance relating to matters of form, including provision of information as to the time at which the treaty enters into force. The United Nations Secretariat plays a significant role as depositary of multilateral treaties.

As regards treaties, conventions, etc., these, when concluded between two countries, are now ordinarily signed in two texts in the respective languages of the two countries, though exceptions occur. In the case of treaties of a general nature – multilateral treaties – concluded between many states, the usual practice is to use French and English. Those concluded under the auspices of the United Nations have texts in its official languages, all equally authentic.

The authenticity of the text is established by means of the signatures of the plenipotentiaries.

(From "A Diplomat's Handbook of International Law and Practice" by B. Sen)

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Exercise 2. Find in the text above the English equivalents for these word combinations.

Главы государств, полномочные представители, обладать необходимыми полномочиями, соответствующие договоренности сторон, место и дата подписания, положения договора, присоединение к договору, поместить на сохранение в депозитарий, многосторонний договор, под эгидой ООН, равно аутентичные, установит подлинность.

Exercise 3. Cover the text above and fill in the appropriate prepositions.

1.The preamble contains a list ___ the heads ___ state

___ whose names the treaty is concluded; a list ___ plenipotentiaries and a statement ___ the purposes and objectives ___ the treaty.

2.The text contains, ___ the form ___ numbered articles, the respective agreements ___ the signatories and indicates the requirements ___ bringing the treaty ___

force; its duration.

3.The provisions ___ a treaty determine the manner

___ which and the date ___ which the treaty enters ___

force.

4.After a treaty is concluded, the written instruments, reservations and other declarations are placed ___ the custody ___ a depositary.

5.Treaties and conventions concluded _____ two countries, are signed ___ two text ___ the respective languages ___ the two countries.

6.Treaties concluded ___ the auspices ___ the United Nations have texts ___ its official languages, all equally authentic.

7.The authenticity ___ the text is established ___

means ___ the signatures ___ the plenipotentiaries.

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Exercise 4. Answer these questions.

1.What parts does the treaty document cover?

2.What information does the preamble contain?

3.What does the text generally indicate?

4.What do final clauses specify?

5.Does the treaty always specify a date on which it enters into force?

6.Who can act as depositary of multilateral treaties?

7.How many copies are treaties, conventions ordinarily signed in?

8.What language are treaties concluded in?

9.How is the authenticity of the text established?

Exercise 5. Translate these word combinations using the appropriate forms of the words in bold type.

provision – основные положения договора, в соответствии со следующими положениями, согласно положениям настоящей конвенции, постановления закона, прийти соглашению по следующим пунктам.

to sign – подписать договор, место подписания, мы нижеподписавшиеся, подписи полномочных представителей сторон, подписать текст на двух языках, подписать в трех экземплярах, дата подписания.

instrument – юридически обязательный документ, акт о присоединении, принятие новых актов, письменный документ, акт о капитуляции, ратификационная грамота.

Exercise 6. Study the Preamble to Treaty of Lisbon and answer these questions.

1.What kind of treaty is it?

2.When and where was the treaty concluded?

3.Who signed the treaty?

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Лиссабонский договор

Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community

Подписан (место) 13 декабря 2007, Лиссабон, Порту- галия

Скреплен печатью18 декабря 2007

Exercise 7. Study the Preamble to Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and answer these questions.

Answer the following questions in English:

a)What are the objectives of this Optional Protocol?

b)What are the States Parties to the Protocol disturbed by?

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Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict

The States Parties to the present Protocol. Encouraged by the overwhelming support for the

Convention on the Rights of the Child, demonstrating the widespread commitment that exists to strive for the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, Reaffirming that the rights of children require special protection, and calling for continuous improvement of the situation of children without distinction, as well as for their development and education in condi-

tions of peace and security.

Disturbed by the harmful and widespread impact of armed conflict on children and the long-term consequences this has for durable peace, security and development.

Condemning the targeting of children in situations of armed conflict and direct attacks on objects protected under international law, including places generally having a significant presence of children, such as schools and hospitals.

Noting the adoption of the Statute of the International Criminal Court2 and, in particular, its inclusion as a war crime of conscripting or enlisting children under the age of 15 years or using them to participate actively in hostilities in both international and noninternational armed conflicts.

Have agreed as follows:

Exercise 8. Memorize the following.