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Yet, there is still opinion in the auto industry that the conventional gasoline powered engine - the type in almost universal use now - will continue to dominate until or unless outside circumstances dictate otherwise.

Задание З. Определите, в каком из абзацев говорится:

a) o первых попытках использовать механическую энергию для приведения в движение экипажа; б) об основных требованиях, предъявляемых к автомобилю.

Задание 4. Выберите утверждения, соответствующие содержанию текста.

1.The history of the automobile goes back...

a) a hundred years; b) a thousand years;

с) several hundred years.

2.Diesels are usually much larger and heavier than...

a) gasoline engines; b) turbine cars;

c) Stirling engines.

3.The disadvantages of diesels are...

a) low speeds;

b) noise and smoke; c) heavy weights.

4.The turbine and Stirling are multifuel engines, capable of running on...

a) petrol only;

b) peanut oil and perfume; c) benzene.

Задание 5. Прочтите текст еще раз, обращая внимание на даты, цифры и связанные с ними факты.

Задание 6. Расскажите об истории автомобилестроения, используя следующие выражения и глаголы:

the history of the automobile mechanical power, a steam boiler, selfpropelled, vehicle steam-driven carriages, brakes, gear-box, steam engines, in-

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ternal-combustion engine, air-pollution, diesel engines, turbine cars, Stirling engine;

to go back, to propel, to build, to use, to obtain, to be powered by, to invent, to reduce, to produce, to offer, to involve, to dominate.

Текст 3

Задание 1. Повторите за диктором следующие слова и их пере-

вод:

Задание 2. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на способы выражения дополнения.

1.The engine makes the car wheel rotate and the car move.

2.Another difference results from the working method of the internalcombustion engine.

3.The chassis consists of a power train and a frame.

4.The chassis includes the brake system and the steering system.

5.The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels.

Задание 3. Выберите соответствующий перевод следующих английских слов.

a)rotation - вращать, вращение, вращательный;

b)fundamentally - основной, в основном, основа;

c)difference - различие, различать, различный;

d)lubrication - смазка, смазывать, смазывающий;

e)transmission - передача, передавать, передаточный;

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f)differential - дифференциал, дифференцировать, дифференциальный;

g)driver - водитель, водить, водительский.

Задание 4. Прочтите и переведите текст.

AUTOМOВILE STRUCTURE

There are numerous types of motor vehicles: passenger cars, buses, trucks, tractors and others. Each of them serves quite a definite purpose.

Every automobile has the following components: engine, power train, chassis, body.

The engine is the power plant of the vehicle. It makes the car wheel rotate and the car move. In general, internal - combustion engines are used operating with some fuel (petrol, benzol, diesel, oil). Depending on their combustion process, the engines are fundamentally classified as carburettor engines and diesel engines. Sometimes the carburettor engines are called heavy-oil engines. Another difference results from the working method of the internal-combustion engine. A difference is made, between four-stroke cycle engine and two-stroke cycle engine.

Everу engine includes the electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. The chassis consists of a power train and a frame with axles, wheels and steering system as well. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and consists of the clutch, gearbox or transmission, propeller shaft,

rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.

The body has a hood and fenders and accessories: the heater, lights, radio, windshield wiper, convertible top raiser and so on.

Задание 5. Выразите ту же мысль с помощью оборота there is/there are:

1.Every automobile has an engine, a chassis and a body.

2.The engine is the power plant of the vehicle.

3.A difference is made between four-stroke cycle engine and two-stroke cycle engine.

4.Every engine includes the electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems.

5.The chassis includes the brake system and the steering system.

Задание 6. Найдите в тексте все словосочетания, образованные по модели N + N и переведите их.

Задание 7. Изложите основное содержание текста с помощью данной ниже схемы-плана.

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have а gеаr box. We change gear by pushing the gear lever from one gear to the next.

To help us to do this we have a foot pedal which is called the clutch. We put the clutch out to disengage the engine and we let the clutch in to make it drive again. Many cars have five gears: first (or bottom), second, third, top and reverse.

When we stop the car and want it to stay in one place we put on the handbrake. To start the engine we switch on the ignition, press the starter, and the engine fires. We rev it up by pressing the accelerator pedal.

Sometimes in cold weather we need to use the choke to start the car. This gives us more petrol and less air -what is called a rion mixture.

At night we switch on our lights, but in town or when someone is coming they must be dipped. To do this we operate the dip switch - sometimes this is a hand switch near the steering wheel, sometimes a foot pedal. And lastly to change direction we signal with our indicators. Those are "controls" of the car. With our hands we steer with the steering wheel, change gear with the gear lever, and put on the handbrake. We also use the indicators as they can dip the lights. With our feet we accelerate by using the accelerator, stop by using the foot brake, change gear by using the clutch, and we can have a pedal dip switch. And that is about all inside the car - except, of course, the mirror for seeing what is happening behind, the sun visors to shield our eyes against low sunshine, and, in England where they are compulsory, seat belts.

Задание 2. Выберите из текста названия частей автомобиля и переведите их на русский язык.

Задание 3. Закончите следующие предложения, выбрав нужный вариант.

1.When we drive the car we steer with...

a)the wipers; b) the steering wheel; c) the final drive.

2.If there is someone in the way we stop the car with...

a)the brake; b) the horn; c) the clutch.

3.We have a foot pedal which is called...

a) the cycles; b) the spring; c) the clutch.

4.Many cars have five...

a)gears; b) strokes; c) axles.

5.To change direction we signal with our...

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a) pedals; b) indicators; c) handbrakes.

Задание 4. Пользуясь рис.4 и следующими сочетаниями слов, составьте диалог об управлении автомобилем.

The steering wheel, gear lever, to brake the car, a gear box, to switch on the ignition, press the starter, to switch on the lights.

clutch

shaft

Текст 5

2-STROKE AND 4-STROKE ENGINES

All motor vehicles have an engine. There are two types of engine. There are petrol engines and there are diesel engines. There are three engines in the diagram. There is a 2-stroke petrol engine on the left. There is a 4-stroke petrol engine in the middle and there is a 4-stroke diesel engine on the right (рис. 5).

There are spark plugs in both the petrol engines. There are spark plugs in all petrol engines. Diesel engines do not have spark plugs. They have fuel injectors. There are valves in both the 4-stroke engines. There are always valves in 4- stroke engines. There are no valves in the 2-stroke petrol engine. A 2-stroke petrol engine never has valves.

There is no oil sump in the 2-stroke engine. There is oil in the fuel. Both the 4-stroke engines have an oil sump. There is no oil in the fuel.

Задание 1. На основании информации текста заполните

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таблицу 1.

Таблица 1

Задание 2. Пользуясь данными таблицы 2 и рис. 5, опишите 2- тактный бензиновый двигатель, 4-тактный бензиновый двигатель, 4- тактный дизельный двигатель. Используйте при этом следующие модели:

a

no

Задание 3. Опишите 2-тактный дизельный двигатель, дополнив следующие предложения. Учтите, что данные предложения

A). There is a fuel injector in a 2-stroke diesel engine. B). A 2-stroke diesel engine has a fuel injector.

означают одно и то же.

1.There is one valve in this engine. This ……………………. valve.

2.There is a fuel injector on all diesel engines. All ……………………… injector.

3.There is an oil sump in a 2-stroke diesel engine. A ……………………… .

4.This engine has one port. There ..................... .

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Текст 6

Задание 1. Слушайте и повторяйте:

Задание 2. Найдите соответствующий вариант перевода каждого

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английского словосочетания.

A). Heat engine; to convert energy into mechanical work; internal combustion engine; to produce expansion; to generate steam for a steam engine; natural gas; source of motive power; to maintain a tiny flame in the pilot; power installations.

B). Превращать энергию в механическую работу; производить расширение; природный газ; двигатель внутреннего сгорания; источник движущей энергии; силовые установки; тепловой двигатель; поддерживать очень маленькое пламя во вспомогательном устройстве; вырабатывать пар для парового двигателя.

Задание 3. Употребите в качестве сказуемого глагол, данный в скобках, преобразовав его в нужную форму пассивного залога.

1.The fuel (to burn) inside the engine.

2.The automobile (to equip) with the engine.

3.The steam engine (to use) in locomotives.

4.Energy (to convert) into mechanical work in the engine.

5.Expansion (to produce) inside the cylinder.

Задание 4. Прочтите текст "Types of Engines" и расскажите на русском языке:

1.О видах двигателя.

2.Об источниках энергии.

3.О паровых машинах.

TYPES OF ENGINES

One modern dictionary defines an engine as any mechanism or machine designed to convert energy into mechanical work.

There may be steam engines, internal combustion engines, etc.

A steam engine is an external combustion engine, as the fuel is burned outside it.

An internal combustion engine burns the fuel inside the engine cylinder to produce expansion which is turned into power. Heat is a form of energy, and all automobiles are equipped with some form of heat engine.

The source of the energy may be coal, wood, petroleum products, etc. For convenience, it is usually petroleum products in the form of gasoline,

gas or oil.

Any of these materials can be used to generate steam for a steam engine.

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For internal combustion engines natural gas can be used.

Petroleum is the dominant fuel today for every source of motive power, as the heat energy can be converted directly from the fuel into power by burning it in a cylinder.

In a steam engine the fuel is burned to create steam from water and the steam furnishes the expansive force for the engine.

Many steam automobiles were built in the early years of the automobile. The steam cars used kerosene to heat the water to make steam and also used a small quantity of gasoline to maintain a tiny flame in the pilot, which ini-

tiated combustion of the kerosene.

Now the steam engine is rarely used in automobile business, but it is still in the use in locomotives and in other power installations.

Задание 5. Найдите ответ, соответствующий содержанию текста.

1.What is an engine?

2.What kinds of engines do yon know?

3.Why is a steam engine considered an external combustion engine?

4.Where does an internal combustion engine burn the fuel?

5.What sources of energy do you know?

6.What is the dominant fuel today for every source of motive power?

7.Was the steam engine used in automobiles?

8.Where is the steam engine used now?

Задание 6. Образуйте существительные от следующих прилагательных:

direct, expansive, natural, possible, practical, motive, equal, rotational.

Задание 7. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке, используя следующий план.

1.What an engine is.

2.Internal combustion engine.

3.External combustion engine.

4.Sources of energy.

5.Steam engine.

При ответе используйте следующие выражения:

the text is about... ; the text deals with the problem...; the main problem of the text is...; I know that...; it is a well-known fact...; it is worth mentioning...; as for the problem of...; it should be noted that... .

Текст 7

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