- •General English for non-linguists
- •Содержание
- •Вводно-коррективный курс
- •I. Правила чтения в английском языке Чтение ударных гласных:
- •Чтение безударных гласных:
- •Чтение сочетаний гласных
- •Чтение некоторых гласных перед сочетаниями согласных
- •Чтение сочетаний гласных с согласной
- •Правила чтения согласных букв и буквосочетаний
- •Чтение некоторых согласных букв и буквосочетаний
- •Немые согласные буквы
- •II. Словообразование
- •Конверсия как способ словообразования. Oт существующего слова без изменения его звуковой или графической формы образуется новое слово, относящееся к другой части речи:
- •Глаголы с послелогами. В словаре сначала нужно искать основной глагол, а затем ниже его значение с послелогом:
- •III. Порядок слов в английском предложении
- •Построение отрицательных предложений.
- •Вопросительные предложения.
- •Общие вопросы.
- •Специальные вопросы.
- •Альтернативные вопросы.
- •Разделительные вопросы.
- •Видовременные формы английского глагола в действительном залоге
- •Unit I. Family. Hobbies. Lesson 1. My family. Pre-reading
- •My family
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •Text a. The family relationships
- •Text b. British and American families
- •Lesson 2. Hobbies. Pre-reading
- •Hobbies
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Formation
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading History of the term “Hobby”
- •Unit II. My studies. My University. My work. Lesson 3. My Studies. Pre – reading
- •My Studies
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading English has no equals!
- •The subjects I studied at school. My favourite subject.
- •Lesson 4. My University. Pre-reading
- •My Home University
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •4) Употребляется для выражения разрешения (наряду с глаголом may):
- •1) Обозначает необходимость, долженствование:
- •May (might)
- •Глагол to be в модальном значении
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •Open University
- •Unit III. My working day. My week-end. Lesson 5. My working day. Pre-reading
- •My working day
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •In the Royal Welsh Army
- •Add exercise into your daily life
- •Bring Happiness to Your Daily Life
- •Lesson 6. My Weekend. Pre-reading
- •My Weekend
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension
- •Additional Reading
- •An Awful Weekend
- •Unit IV. Cities of Russia. Lesson 7. Tambov. Pre-reading
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Сomprehension
- •Additional reading Historic background of Tambov
- •Lesson 8. Moscow. Pre-reading
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Past simple (простое прошедшее время)
- •The past perfect tense ( прошедшее совершенное время)
- •Comprehension
- •Additional Reading
- •Cultural life of Moscow
- •Education and science
- •Unit 5. Towns and Cities of Great Britain. Lesson 9. London. The Capital. Pre-reading
- •London. The capital.
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Westminster Abbey
- •St. Paul’s Cathedral
- •Buckingham Palace
- •Trafalgar Square
- •The Tate Gallery
- •Albert Hall
- •The Tower of London
- •Tower Bridge
- •Piccadilly Circus
- •Lesson 10. Towns and Cities of Great Britain Pre-reading
- •The city of Birmingham
- •Manchester
- •Edinburgh
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Grammar rules Revision participle
- •Participle
- •Participle I
- •Present continuous
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •The city of Liverpool
- •Cardiff
- •History of Birmingham
- •The city of Cambridge
- •The history of the city of Manchester
- •Landmarks of Manchester
- •Unit 6. Higher Education. Lesson 11. Higher Education in Great Britain Pre-reading
- •Higher Education in Great Britain
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-Formation
- •Grammar Present perfect (I have done) – Настоящее перфектное время
- •Сравните использование Present Perfect и Past Simple:
- •Participle II - Причастие II.
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •Cambridge 'Tripos' exams
- •Lesson 12. Higher education in Russia Pre-reading
- •Higher education in Russia
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar Word Formation
- •1. “- Educate-“ (it is a root-word).:
- •2. “-Ty” (it is a suffix):
- •Participle II - Past Participle Причастие прошедшего времени
- •Present perfect
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •Educational system in Russia
- •Unit 7. Travelling. Lesson 13. Means of Travelling Pre-reading
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Степени сравнения прилагательных
- •Формальные признаки частей речи английского языка. Существительное (The Noun)
- •Прилагательное (The Adjective)
- •Местоимение (The Pronoun)
- •Наречие (The Adverb).
- •Числительное (The Numeral)
- •Comprehension
- •Lesson 14. Sightseeing Pre-reading
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Использование.
- •Образование.
- •Вопросительная форма.
- •Comprehension.
- •Additional reading
- •Seven Modern Wonders of the World
- •Pre-reading
- •Burns’ night
- •Shakespeare’s Birthday
- •The Edinburgh International Festival
- •Robert Burns – Роберт Бернс
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •Customs and Traditions in Great Britain
- •The Ceremony of the Keys
- •Lesson 16. Traditions and Holidays in Russia Pre – reading
- •Russian Holidays
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Additional reading
- •My favourite holiday
- •Список использованной литературы
Comprehension
Task 13. After reading the text of this lesson choose the correct variant to complete every sentence:
1. In Russian educational system there are ______________ main stages.
Five
Four
Three
Higher education in Russia is ____________________ .
only state-supported, public
financed by local authorities
both governmental and non-governmental
The Bachelor’s and Master’s degree may be awarded _________________ .
after some period of studies and writing a certain kind of research work
during students’ studies at a higher educational institution
The academic year in Russian HEIs is arranged ________________in Great Britain.
…more or less in the same periods as…
…in a completely different way than ….
Task 14. Continue these sentences. Add the information you learned from the text.
The Institutes and Universities in Russia have a total enrolment of …….
There are about 3000 ………………….- technikum, uchilische, college.
Russia has more academic …………. than any other country in Europe.
The course of studies for higher education lasts for……………………...
In all the Russian Institutions, academic year starts………and there are ………… semesters in an academic year.
Task 15. Define if the following sentences are true or false:
The first degree in higher education is the Master’s degree.
The Bakalavr's degree is awarded in all fields including Medicine.
First semester examinations are held usually in February, second semester exams are in July.
The period of postgraduate higher education lasts for 5-6 years or more.
Russian HEIs have good co-operation with different countries and admit foreign students.
Task 16. Match the following titles with certain passages of the text. One is not needed.
Academic Year and Holidays.
Higher Education. General Information.
Courses of Studies and the Main Degrees.
Co-operation with Other Countries. Overseas Students.
Tuition Fees.
Levels of Education.
Task 17. Write out the key-sentences for each point of the plan from Task 16.
Task 18. Make up your summary of the text using sentences from Tasks 16 and 17. Render the main information of the text.
Additional reading
Task 19. Read for further information
Educational system in Russia
Russians have always shown a great concern for education. The right to education is stated in the constitution of the Russian Federation. It's ensured by compulsory secondary schools, vocational schools and higher education establishment. It is also ensured by the development of extramural and evening courses and the system of state scholarship and grants.
Education in Russia is compulsory up to the 9th form inclusive. The stages of compulsory schooling in Russia are: primary education for ages 6-7 to 9-10 inclusive; and junior school for ages 10-11 to 12-13 inclusive, and senior school for ages 13-14 to 14-15 inclusive. If a pupil of secondary school wishes to go on in higher education, he or she must stay at school for two more years. Primary and secondary school together comprise 11 years of study. Every school has a "core curriculum" of academic subjects.
After finishing the 9th form one can go on to a vocational school which offer programmes of academic subjects and a programme of training in a technical field, or a profession.
The evaluation of the performance of students is designed in such a way that the progress in mastering the subjects in the curricula is monitored closely and
objectively. The number of tests and examinations during every academic year is strictly formulated by the head of the institutions. Student performance on test is evaluated as "passed" or "failed" and on examinations as "excellent", "good" "satisfactory" or "unsatisfactory". Students who accumulate a number of arrears in
their new academic year would be dismissed from their higher educational institutions. The final state examinations are also very important part of the higher educational assessment process in Russia.
Both at schools and universities, a 5-grade scale is used:
"5" = "excellent”, "4" = “good”, "3" = “satisfactory”, "2" = “unsatisfactory / failing”.
"5" is the best mark, "2" is the worst. This system is not compulsory and in rare cases, for example, a 10-grade scale can be used.
A test which is passed at the end of 9th and 11th form is called the United State Exam. It consists of three parts:
1) Part A contains tasks where the student has to pick out the correct answer out of several,
2) in Part B the correct answer should be written in one word, and no variants are given,
3)and in Part C the student has to write the full solution (as in mathematics) or a composition (as in literature).
The answers are written on special blanks, digitally scanned, with parts A and B being checked automatically by the computer software.
What's good for students of 11th form is that now they do not have to pass both their final school exams and entrance exams at a university. The score of several, usually three (e.g. to enter a Linguistics department, student has to pass Russian, English, and social science exams), subjects is summed up, this total score is the basis of accepting a student at a university. Students now also have a chance to apply at several universities and choose one after they get to know if their score is enough to enter this or that university.
After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school, a lyceum or a gymnasium one can go into higher education. All applicants must take competitive exam. Higher education institution, that is institutes or universities, offer a 5-years programme of academic subjects for undergraduates in a variety of fields, as well as a graduate course and writes a thesis, he or she receives a candidate degree or a doctoral degree. Higher educational establishments are headed by Rectors. Protectors are in charge of academic and scientific work. An institute or a university has a number of faculties, each specialising councils which confer candidate and doctoral degrees.
The system of higher and secondary education in Russia is going trough a transitional period. The main objectives of the reforms are: to decentralize the higher education system, to develop a new financial mechanism, to give more academic freedom to faculties and students. All secondary schools, institutes and universities until recently have been funded by the state. Now there is quite a number of private fee-paying primary and secondary schools, some universities have fee-paying departments.
Task 20. Answer the questions to the text:
Is secondary education compulsory in our country?
What age are Russian children when they begin their primary education?
How many years do pupils attend school in Russia?
What do you personally think of the advantages and disadvantages of the United State Exam?
Are there fee-paying schools and other educational institutions in Russia? Do you happen to know such institutions in your town?
Sometimes people have to move from place to place, from school to school. It’s usually not easy to change your place of living or studies. People feel uncomfortable in their new environment and try to get used to it as soon as they can.
This text is about a school-boy who had to change his school. Put these jumbled passages of the text in the correct chronological order. Think of some logical links between the passages.
A. I thought that I had got used to the new school but I was wrong. Yesterday some boys and girls from my class went to a disco. I wanted to go with them but they said they didn’t want me to go because I was new and didn’t know anybody there. I really hate this school and I wish I could go back to my old school and my old friends! |
B. Going to the new school is very exciting. What kind of new friends am I going to make there? |
C. I think I’m happy here now. I know all my classmates well now and know that you cannot make friends with everybody. Maybe it’s better to have some close friends who you can trust and to get upset if somebody doesn’t like you. |
D. I’ve got used to the new uniform. Maybe it’s not so bad after all! I’ve made some new friends who are very strong, so other boys don’t bully me any more. |
E. I really like my new school and some of my classmates. However, there are a few things that I don’t like. I have to wear a horrible uniform with the most terrible tie. Some classmates aren’t very nice and are bullying me. I don’t know what to do. |
After reading this text, try to give some advice to a person who has to move to some other place or change school. Say what you personally think: what should we do to feel better and more comfortable in our new environment as soon as possible?