- •"Quality management system" for students of specialty
- •5В073200- «Standardization, certification and metrology»
- •Content
- •1. The main objective of studying of discipline of "Quality management system" and a task solved in the course of studying
- •2 Essence of quality as object of management
- •2.1 Concept of quality
- •4 Qualimetry
- •Table 1
- •Table 2 - Classification of indicators of quality
- •1 Main stages of development of control systems of quality
- •1.1 Formation and development of quality management. The factors influencing quality of production
- •1.2 The international standards on control systems of quality of production
- •2 General quality management is based on the following basic provisions:
- •3 Principles of tqm
- •5 Iso 9000 and tqm Standards
- •Iso 9000 and tqm standards
- •2 Standard algorithm of introduction of qms includes the following stages:
- •I claim:
- •Representative of the management
- •Interests of employees:
- •Interests of the enterprise:
- •Interests of suppliers:
- •Examples of the purposes in area of quality and Plans of quality
- •The purposes in area of quality of jsc Kaztsink on 200_ g.
- •Chief of of of f.I.O.
- •Director of az f.I.O
- •I claim:
- •Plan of quality of jsc Kaztsink
- •4 Responsibility and powers and exchange of information
- •Appendix a The terms and definitions relating to documents
- •Appendix b
- •1 Concept about processor approach to a control system at the enterprise (organization)
- •4 Cals Standards
- •3.3 Advantages of cals technology
- •4 Cals Standards
- •Elements of systems of management which benefit from integration
- •Ims is effective?
- •Process
- •Purpose
- •4 Methodology of statistical quality control
- •4.1 Mechanism of statistical product quality control
- •4.3 A role of statistical methods in management of productions
- •4.3.1 Control leaves
- •4.3.2 Pareto's analysis
- •4.3.3 Chart of the reasons and results
- •Control cards
- •3 Requirements to resources
- •5 Criteria of productivity of process
- •Methods of monitoring and management of process
- •The identified risks and measures for their exception
- •6 Working procedures
- •Appendix b Output documents (the documents and messages which appeared as a result of actions within process)
- •Appendix 3 Output documents (the documents and messages which appeared as a result of actions within process)
- •Matrix of distribution of responsibility of participants of process
- •Appendix d The requirements of st rk iso 9001:2009 and the requirement of the organization considered in process
- •Appendix e
- •Appendix Zh
- •List of internal auditors of qms of the enterprise
- •Appendix I
- •Personal leaf of the accounting of the auditor No. ____
- •(Signature, Surname)
- •Auditor questionnaire
- •Appendix l
- •Iso 9001 code: 4.2.4, 7.1, 7.2.3, 8.2.2, 8.3 Plan of audit
- •Appendix l
- •Iso 9001 code: 4.2.4, 7.1, 7.2.3, 8.2.2, 8.3 Plan of audit
- •Appendix m
- •Leaf of the revealed discrepancies No. ____
- •Analysis of discrepancy
- •Appendix n
- •Report on audit
- •Iso 9001 code:
- •The note - by italics the example of filling of this form is shown. Appendix p
- •Iso 9001 code:
- •8 Certification of quality systems
- •9 Tell about the identified risks and measures for their exception when carrying out internal audit
4 Qualimetry
The assessment of a level of quality of object and classification of indicators of quality are considered in a Qualimetry.
Qualimetry (from armor. qualitas - what on quality and … a metriya) - the branch of science studying and realizing methods of a quantitative assessment of quality.
Main objectives of a Qualimetry: justification of indicators of quality, development of methods of their definition, calculation and optimization, improvement of standard sizes and parametrical ranks of products, development of the generalized indicators and justification of conditions of their use in problems of standardization and quality management. Any goods and services to which the concept "quality" is applicable can be objects of a Qualimetry. It can be production and service of the industry, agriculture, etc.
Starting position of a Qualimetry is that quality depends on a large number of properties of object. Besides, it is necessary to consider also conditions in which the product will be used.
Any production or service has a set of properties. Understand its objective features which are shown by production, operation and consumption as properties of production. Distinguish production and consumer properties of production.
All set of the properties created in the course of production belongs to the production. It represents potential quality. Consumer properties of production characterize only that set of indicators which is among the most important and significant for the consumer. This real quality of production.
Quality indicators - the quantitative characteristics of one or several properties of production considered in relation to certain conditions of its creation, operation or consumption. Quality indicators quantitatively cause degree of ability of production to satisfy certain requirements (for example, quality of tubers of potatoes is characterized by amount of starch).
It is possible to allocate simple (the weight, capacity, length, etc.) and difficult (non-failure operation, maintainability, etc.) quantitative characteristics of one or several properties making quality, respectively single and complex indicators of quality.
Each type of production is characterized by the quality indicators. According to GOST 15467 use the following groups of indicators (tab. 1).
Table 1
Group of indicators |
The characterized properties |
Indicators |
Appointments |
The properties of production defining the main functions for which performance it is intended, and its applications causing area |
Classification (tractor productivity, tension and power of an electrobulb) Functional (productivity, accuracy, measurement limit, range of action) Constructive (weight, overall dimensions) Operational (fuel consumption, power consumption) Structure and structure (concentration of substance, content of impurity) |
Reliability |
Property to keep operational indicators in the set limits during the demanded time or the demanded operating time |
Non-failure operation (an average operating time to first failure, probability of no-failure operation during a certain term, failure rate) Durability (an average resource, service life before capital repairs, service life before write-off) Safety (average term of safety, the appointed period of storage) Maintainability (the average time of restoration of operating state, probability of maintenance during certain time) |
Economical use of resources |
Extent of use in a design of a product and at its operation of raw materials, materials, fuel, energy, a manpower |
Specific expense of raw materials, materials, fuel, energy of Loss of raw materials under the regulated conditions Efficiency, total or specific labor input of operation of a product |
Safety |
The properties guaranteeing safety of the person and other objects at operation, service, transportation and storage of a product |
Probability of safe work of the person during certain time Speed of action at operation of protection devices Resistance of isolation of current carrying parts the Electric durability of high-voltage chains |
The ergonomic |
Fitness to operation by the person |
Hygienic (illumination, temperature, humidity) Anthropometrical (compliance of a design to the sizes of a body of the person) Psychophysiological (compliance to power, high-speed, visual, acoustical and other opportunities of the person) |
The esthetic |
Art expressiveness, rationality of a form, integrity of composition, compliance to fashion, etc. |
Quality of registration of working rooms, production objects Influence of interiors, working clothes, registration of means and objects of the labor on its productivity |
Technological effectiveness |
Fitness of a design of a product to decrease in expenses of resources by production, operation and repair |
Labor input Material capacity Power consumption Technological prime cost |
Transportabel-to Nosta |
Suitability to transport operations |
The average duration of preparation for transportation Average labor input of preparation for transportation the Average duration of installation of production on means of transportation of a certain look vehicle volume Efficiency the Average duration of unloading |
Standardization and unification |
Saturation the standard, unified and original elements |
Applicability coefficient repeatability Coefficient Coefficient of mutual unification for group of products |
The patent and legal |
Patent protection and purity of production |
Indicators patent protection and purity of production |
The ecological |
Level of impact on environment at operation or consumption |
Amount of the harmful impurity which are thrown out in environment Probability of emissions of harmful particles, gases, radiations, etc. |
The economic |
Costs of development, production, operation or consumption of production, and also economic efficiency of its production and application |
Dependence of number of sales on quality of production Efficiency of improvement of quality of container and packing at sale of goods, etc. |
Resistance to external influences |
The level of processing, storage, transportation preventing need of rejection and loss |
Dust of moisture protection Air permeability Crash-worthiness Vibration strength Resistance to influence of an external magnetic field Period of storage Preservation of nutrients |
At an assessment of quality of domestic goods indicators are applied to the population: grade (foodstuff, production of light industry), group of complexity (household radio equipment), brand (cement, brick), category of quality (videotape).
In world practice for an assessment of degree of superiority of one part of production over another use gradation (a class, a grade) are the categories or the category appropriated to production having the same functional application but to which various requirements for quality are applied.
Classification of indicators of quality by various categories is presented in tab. 2.