Elements of systems of management which benefit from integration

- uniform policy of the organization;

- optimum use of resources;

- complex measures of an operating control and general management of documentation;

- uniform approach to development of documentation;

- the general information and providing systems;

- general system of preparation and development of the personnel;

- organizational structure and structure of the accountability;

- systems of measurement and monitoring;

- records and reporting;

- uniform audit;

- uniform analysis of systems of management.

3 Advantages from introduction of ISM

ISM of the organization developed according to requirements of the international standards has the following advantages:

- quality of the general management due to distribution of the principles and methods of quality management on other areas of management of the organization increases;

- is much less labor-consuming, than in several parallel systems;

- the volume of documents in the integrated system are much less, than the total volume of documents in several parallel systems;

- considers balance of interests of outer sides of the organization above, than in the presence of parallel systems;

- the number of internal and external relations are less, than total number of these communications in several systems;

- it is less than costs of development, functioning and certification, than total expenses at several systems of management;

- the risk of emergence of undesirable situations on joints of separate systems decreases;

- the knowledge and experience of the most developed countries accumulated in the international standards on systems of management is used;

- the general culture of the organization due to integration of private cultures of quality, ecology, safety and social responsibility increases [22].

However theoretical arguments in favor of creation of ISM, as if there are a lot of them was, can not always be rather convincing for the concrete organization. It is obvious that all of them have to be carefully analyzed by the top management and those are chosen from them which in a varying degree correspond to situation and strategy of the organization. At introduction of the integrated quality management system the top management has to consider not only benefits from introduction, but risks of possible mistakes at creation of system. Besides to consider probability of an overload of the personnel during this period as the current work thus is not cancelled.

Will demand to support ISM in operating state implementation of higher requirements to competence of the personnel, and not only managers of the highest and average links, but also operators, as well workers of the lower link.

It should be noted full identity of elements and requirements of the ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards (figure 1), with a difference only that application of the ISO 14001 standard is directed on decrease in negative impact of activity of the enterprise on environment, including due to improvement of ecological properties of products and the correct consumption of resources, and application of OHSAS 18001 - on decrease and an exception of negative impact of production factors on health of the personnel and property of the enterprise. Advantages from the introduction of systems of ecological management and labor protection making a framework of a pyramid of ISM it is shown in figure 2

In the simplified formulation it sounds so: "Everything that occurs within the room concerning damage, safety and health, is OHSAS 18001, everything that occurs outside the room of rather same categories, is ISO 14001".

In many cases the top management of the organization make the strategic decision on creation of ISM, for purely tactical reasons. In this case the purpose of work is not improvement of management and increase of efficiency of business, but achievement of momentary effect from obtaining the certificate and the corresponding PR campaign. Danger of such approach consists in unreasonable speeding up of work and negative attitude to so important innovation from the personnel and other interested parties.

For increase of knowledge of the most important advantages of ISM market researches which results are presented in table 3 are conducted.

Table 3 Results of researches

№	The most important advantages	Number of the firms which noted advantage, %
1	Observance of requirements of the customer	3,8
2	Export growth, expansion of the foreign markets	4,4
3	Reduction of expenses and increase of efficiency	5,7
4	Maintenance and ensuring competitiveness	5,7
5	Gain and deduction of the place in business	5,7
6	The best management and the best the enterprise of production, smaller number of problems on production	6,3
7	Increase of degree of satisfaction and trust of the customer	7,6
8	Expansion of business and sales volume, and also network of clients	8,2
9	Stability increase, standardization, repeatability, smaller degree of convertibility	12,0
10	Improvement of quality of production, quality of management, improvement of the existing quality system	22,0
11	Found it difficult to answer	19,6

The main conclusions which can be made on the basis of the received results, it:

1 The highest percent was occupied by a position on improvement of quality of production and quality of management

2 Increase of stability, degree of satisfaction of the customer and the best the enterprise of the management showed identical result of poll

3 Reduction of expenses, maintenance and ensuring competitiveness, a gain and deduction of the place in business were also noted by higher points in the most important advantages from introduction of systems of management.

4 Justification of practical expediency of creation of ISM

By results of researches of experts in the field of system of management to number of the most problematic issues, ISM arising at development and deployment, belong]:

- justification of practical expediency of creation of ISM;

- choice of option of integration of systems of management;

- preliminary diagnosing of the systems of management included in ISM;

- enterprise of works on creation of ISM;

- design of ISM;

- documenting of ISM;

- enterprise of internal audit of ISM;

- assessment of productivity of ISM

The integrated systems of management can be created in the enterprises of any sizes and types. A main objective of creation and introduction of ISM is improvement of management for increase of efficiency of business of the organization and competitiveness of the enterprise.

According to ISO, the number of the certificates issued on quality systems - hardly exceeds one thousand. Systems of ecological management on MS of ISO 14001 some tens are certified. These results show that on the quality management system (QMS), environment and labor protection not enough attention is paid to widespread introduction of the international standards.

Some reasons of such situation. One of them - unwillingness of the highest management of the enterprises to be engaged in system management. At many enterprises certifying QMS, this work was directed only on obtaining the certificate. About use of such effective tool as quality management system, for increase of controllability of firm, receiving economic effect and steady position in the market often there was no speech also. It was promoted also by activity of many consulting firms focusing the enterprises only on certification and preparing "turnkey" quality systems only for these purposes.

Among the enterprises which introduced quality management system, only units felt real economic and administrative effect. Therefore heads of firms extremely are skeptical about construction and introduction of the systems of ecological management (SEM) and systems of management of health and safety, including this business by waste of means which leads only to increase in number of documents and creation of one more inefficient structure.

Creation of system of management of safety and labor protection at the majority of the enterprises - too right at the beginning. Despite the considerable volume of legislative and normative documents in this field of activity, in them there are no requirements and recommendations about creation of systems of management. The OHSAS standards of a series 18000 of very few people are known and are still officially not translated into Russian, without speaking about their legislative introduction in Kazakhstan as national normative or recommendatory documents.

Human resource management, financial activity, information, infrastructure, safety is based in even more free and not system forms.

At the same time at the majority of the enterprises which introduced quality systems and felt really administrative and economic effect of system management began to look narrowly seriously at creation of systems in other fields of activity. Thus heads of the enterprises move in the simplest and seemingly logical way - include in the quality system all services of the enterprise, forcing them to develop the procedures regulating their activity. So, economic, ecological, financial, HR and other services are entered into QMS. Practically all enterprises start functioning by the same rules: all kinds of activity are documented in a quality manual, standards of the enterprise, instructions, etc. All divisions join in schedules of audit inspections. Visibility of the uniform integrated system of management of the enterprise is created.

As the first internal auditors when before them there is a question of an assessment of activity of economists, accounts departments, HR department feel artificiality of such "system". In series 9000 ISO MS about these kinds of activity either it is told nothing, or they are mentioned casually. The policy of quality for them does not establish any principles and the purposes. The normative documents containing requirements to systems of management in these areas no. As a result audit is reduced to verification of the provision on division, duty regulations and, as a rule, the only STP developed by employees of the checked department.

On management almost does not occur in modern publications a practical advice how to construct system management at the enterprises. Concepts of system, processes are given, is talked politics and the purposes, separate rules and recommendations of creation of separate elements of system are made. Concepts from area of regular management are called, examples of the enterprises regulating any documents separate processes are given. Practically does not meet examples of the firms which extended the system management based on the principles established in the ISO standards of a series 9000 to all fields of activity.

At the same time around the world today the main direction of improvement of management of the enterprises is creation and introduction of the integrated systems of management on the basis of the ISO international standards of series 9000, 14000 and OHSAS of a series 18000, etc. In these documents world experience of system quality management, is collected by ecology, the personnel, labor protection and industrial safety, information support of systems [.

Systems coordinate in a whole the interacting and interconnected processes making an essence of activity of the enterprises direct work of divisions on achievement of a main goal of business - receiving profit by satisfaction of requirements and expectations of consumers. Thus effective management of ecological aspects and quality, the personnel and resources, finance and information, processes and terms, risks and safety on the basis of new information technologies, and as result - increase of competitiveness of production and firm is provided.

The first version of MS of ISO of a series 9000 which appeared in 1986 created base for creation of quality systems already on uniform approaches and the principles, without denying, and supplementing the experience of system quality management and ensuring quality which is already available in many countries and the enterprises. Further development of the ISO standards of series 9000 and 10000 of later versions formed a basis for application of the principles of creation of control systems of environmental protection, labor protection and safety underlain in them. Requirements and recommendations about development and deployment of these systems were established in the ISO standards of a series 14000 and OHSAS of a series 18000.

However the basic bases of system management which incorporated world experience are still concentrated in series 9000 ISO MS. The version of standards of this series of 2000 pulled together the principles of system quality management and management of business even more.

5 We will consider the principles underlain in the new version of these standards from the point of view of a basis for creation of the integrated systems of management.

ISO 9000:2005 MS "Quality management system. Basic provisions and the dictionary" very closely coordinates the basic concepts in the field of the general management and quality management. In item 2.11 it is said that QMS is the part of system of the general management of the organization directed on achievement of results according to the purposes in quality area. These purposes are added with other purposes of the organization connected with development, financing, profitability, environment, labor protection and safety. Various parts of system of management of the organization can be integrated together with QMS into uniform system of management when using the general elements. Integration creates a basis for planning and allocation of resources, definitions of common goals and an assessment of overall effectiveness of the organization. Internal audit can be used for an assessment not only compliance to requirements of MS of ISO of series 9000 and 14000, but also to own requirements of the organization for all activities.

Terms and the definitions given in ISO 9000:2005MS underline interrelation of the general concepts of area of the general management and quality management which is organic part of the coordinated activities for the management and management of the organization.

The system of the integrated management - system for development of policy is more whole also than their achievement.

General elements.

First element. If to speak about creation of system of management of the organization, development of Policy of the organization is required. Politicians in the field of quality, ecology, safety, etc. have to be the equal and coordinated parts of the general Policy and Strategy of the organization. Thus it is recommended that the Policy followed from conscious Mission of the organization. (Mission - the document describing the purpose and sense of existence of the organization and answering a question why exists this business or a kind of activity.) At the same time the decision, as Strategy, and Vision (vision arises - the document describing the future of the organization) [35] organizations have to be formulated by the top management and are documented.

The top management has to develop the Purposes on all activities focused on its improvement for realization of Mission, Policy and Strategy of the organization. Besides, it is necessary to organize development of the Purposes in all divisions and at all levels of management. The purposes have to be measured for possibility of the systematic periodic analysis and an assessment of productivity and efficiency of activity. Achievement of the objectives is impossible without planning of concrete actions, including without establishment of concrete terms, performers, allocation of necessary resources.

Such statement of work on all activities, within all systems of management of the organization, promotes the weighed, coordinated definition and resource management.

Development and deployment of systems of management also have to be planned.

Mission, Policy, Strategy, the Purposes and plans of the organization have to be brought to all and are clear to all personnel. Only in this case it is possible to hope for its support and involvement in process of effective implementation of plans.

The second all-system element is development of structure of management and distribution of powers and responsibility of the personnel for each aspect and activity, Such distribution has to be documented. As a classical form of documenting regulations on divisions and duty regulations, and also quality manuals and to other aspects of activity serve.

The third, key element doing system validly by system is documenting of all procedures, techniques, the instructions providing opportunity to define how it is necessary to operate all aspects of activity of the organization, processes and works. And here the ISO standards of series 9000 and 10000 again come to the rescue. The classical pyramid of documents QMS given in ISO 10013 MS is suitable for any system of management. It is necessary only, taking into account told, to complete it the guides to systems of management, programs, plans, all-system and special procedures, documents according to series 9000:2000 ISO MS:

- all-system procedures - the procedures establishing ways of implementation of activity, the general for all systems of management. Procedures for management of documentation, records, for development of the correcting and warning actions, audit, the analysis of productivity of activity and efficiency of systems of management, for management of discrepancies in systems, processes or production can concern to them. Some procedures can be the general in two or several systems of management, for example, procedure for training and qualification of the personnel can be the general in systems of quality management, ecological management, safety and labor protection, management of the personnel, but requirements can be concretized in instructions;

- special procedures are the procedures regulating a procedure of activity or process only within concrete system of management (for example, on quality, ecology, safety, etc.).

The volume, depth, degree of a detail of documenting depend on a look and the scale of the organization, complexity and interaction of processes, qualification of the personnel, external requirements and other factors.

6 Approaches to development of documentation installing the integrated system of management can be various. It is possible to develop:

- the uniform Guide to management of the organization in which both mission, and strategy, and policy will be given and the principles of all systems of management are established;

- The guide to management of the organization and the separate managements for each system of management;

- various managements for each system.

Approaches get out each organization individually depending on its sizes, complexity of structure, traditions, readiness of the personnel and sufficiency of resources for simultaneous or stage-by-stage introduction of system of management.

Before starting creation in the ISM organization, the top management has to think over algorithm of effective actions the scheme to which it is given in figure 3.

The figure 3 Algorithm of Effective Actions at creation of ISM.

Assessment of the need to improve management

Analysis of the benefits and risks of the creation of IMS

Create ISM advisable?

No

Yes

Development and implementation of IMS

Evaluating the impact of IMS