Indulgentia cham*1

Vol* rats*4

CHAPHETS CHAM*2

RACH*3

PARC*

CHEN*4

BON* TOWB2

DOLUISTIS CHAM*2

TRIBUIT CHEN*5

CONTRISTARE* NUWD PROPITIABILIS CALLACH RECONCILIATIO RATS*5

BENIGNITA* TOWB3

PRUDENTER TOWB4

Vultus paniym1

FACIES PANIYM2

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OT Latin and Hebrew The field-by-field comparison of Latin with the Hebrew originals shows something of the converse of the previous set of correspondences: there are fewer Hebrew words matched by a larger number of Latin words, which may be due to careful translating. There are a large number of Latin words that appear only once, matching both single Hebrew words, e.g., nuwd, as well as major words in the Hebrew field such as chen*.

Figure 44 OT L-H miser*

CHECED (125)

MISER* (172) RACH* (26)

CHEN* (19)

RATS* (1)

Pss. 18:50

A et facienti misericordiam [checed] christo suo.

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[And sheweth mercy to his anointed.]

Pss. 40:11

B tu Domine non prohibebis misericordias [rach* ] tuas a me.

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[Withold not thou thy tender mercies from me.]

Pss. 6:2

C Miserere [chen*] mei Domine quoniam infirmus sum.

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[Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak]

Pss. 89:17

D quia gloria fortitudinis eorum tu es et in misericordia [rats*] tua elevabis cornu nostrum.

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[For thou art the glory of their strength: and in thy favor our horn shall be exalted.]

Figure 44 shows miser*, which corresponds to checed one hundred twenty-five of one hundred seventy-two times, showing wide areas of overlap between them, and a broad unmarked meaning ‘mercy, kindness,’ as seen in example A, for both. The other matches for miser* are among the major words in the field, including twenty-six matches with rach*, showing the meaning ‘(tender) mercy’ and nineteen with chen*, expressing not merely ‘grace’ or ‘favor’ but a more marked ‘graciousness.’

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Figure 45 OT L-H gratia*-plac*-repropitiatio-vol*-tribuit-reconciliatio CHEN* (25)

GRATIA* (38) CHECED (2)

TOWB (1)

PLAC* (3) RATS* (2)

RACH* (1)

REPROPITIATIO (3) RATS* (3)

Vol* (3) chaphets (2)

RATS* (1)

TRIBUIT (1) CHEN* (1)

RECONCILIATIO (1) RATS* (1)

Examples of usage:

Gen. 6:8

A Noe vero invenit gratiam [chen*] coram Domino.

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[But Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord.]

2Sam. 16:17

B ad quem Absalom haec est inquit gratia [checed] tua ad amicum tuum quare non isti cum amico tuo.

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[And Absalom said to Hushai, Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend?]

2Sam. 2:26

C et nunc retribuet quidem vobis Dominus misericordiam et veritatem sed et ego reddam gratiam [towb] eo quod feceritis verbum istud.

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[And now the LORD shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing].

Pss. 5:12

D quia tu benedices iusto Domine ut scuto placabilitatis [rats*] coronabis eum.

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[For thou, LORD, wilt bless the righteous; with favor wilt thou compass him as with a shield.]

Gen. 43:14

E Deus autem meus omnipotens faciat vobis eum placabilem [rach*]

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[And God Almighty give you mercy before the man.]

Pss. 106:4

F recordare mei Domine in repropitiatione [rats*] populi tui visita me in salutari tuo.

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[Remember me, O LORD, with the favor that thou bearest unto thy people: O visit me with thy salvation.]

2Sam. 20:11

G Ioab dixerunt ecce qui esse voluit [chaphets] pro Ioab comes David pro Ioab.

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[Whoever favors Joab, and whoeveer is for David, let him follow Joab!]

Pss. 30:7

H Domine in voluntate [rats*] tua posuisti monti meo fortitudinem abscondisti faciem tuam et factus sum conturbatus.

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[Lord, by thy favor thou hast made my mountain to stand strong: thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled]

Pss. 37:21

I lameth fenus accipit impius et non reddit iustus autem donat et tribuit [chen*].

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[The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth.]

Isa. 60:10

J et in reconciliatione [rats*} mea misertus sum tui.

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[but in my favor have I had mercy on thee]

Figure 45 shows that gratia*-chen* (example A) is another major correspondence, showing a core meaning ‘grace, favor’ in common. Gratia* also matches the unmarked checed (B) and towb (C), which have a broad range of meaning including ‘kindness, favor.’

137

Also in this part of the field is vol*, which matches rats* (H) and chaphets, as in example G. Vol* also connotes ‘favor, willingness.’ Tribuit (I) is a single occurrence that also matches chen*, bringing out a literal or concrete meaning of ‘favor,’ that of bestowing or giving. Plac* (‘please, appease, pleasing’) appears only three times, matching most often with the general rats* (D) which connotes simply ‘favor,’ as well as with the more marked rach* (E), which implies tenderness. Repropitiatio (F) also occurs three times and matches rats*, showing one of the many ways to express ‘favor,’ the main meaning implied by rats*. Reconciliatio (J) also matches rats* and is one more of the single-occurrence words that can be used to represent the broad concept ‘favor.’

138

Figure 46 OT L-H clemens -parc*-contristare-indulgentia-doluistis-propitiabilis CLEMENS (8) CHEN* (7)

CHAM* (2)

PARC* (4) RACH* (1)

CHEN* (1)

CONTRISTARE (1) NUWD (1)