Vol* (3) favor* (3)

RECONCILIATIO (1) FAVOR* (1)

Vultus (1) favor* (1)

FACIES (1) FAVOR* (1)

Examples of usage:

Pss. 106:4

A recordare mei Domine in repropitiatione populi tui visita me in salutari tuo.

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Remember me, O LORD, with the favor that thou bearest unto thy people: O visit me with thy salvation.

2Sam. 20:11

B Ioab dixerunt ecce qui esse voluit pro Ioab comes David pro Ioab.

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Whoever favors Joab, and whoeveer is for David, let him follow Joab!

Isa. 60:10

C et in reconciliatione mea misertus sum tui.

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but in my favor have I had mercy on thee.

Pss. 119:58

D deprecatus sum vultum tuum in toto corde.

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I intreated thy favor with my whole heart.

Pss. 45:12

E in muneribus faciem tuam deprecabuntur divites populi.

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Even the rich among the people shall entreat thy favor.

Figure 58 shows the many matches for favor*, illustrating the broad area covered by this one word in English and the many ways it is expressed in the Latin data.

Repropitiatio and vol* appear three times each and match only favor*, whereas reconciliatio, vultus, and facies appear only once. These last two (examples D-E) mean

‘face’ and correspond to Hebrew paniym. While Latin uses a word for ‘face’ to translate

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Hebrew paniym (‘face’), English uses favor* in the sense of ‘approval.’ An archaic meaning of favor* in English is ‘appearance, face, or facial feature’ however, heard today in the usage, He favors [looks like] his grandfather.

Figure 59 OT L-E clemens -indulgentia-parc*-contristare-propitiabilis CLEMENS (7) GRACIOUS (6)

FAVOR* (1)

Indulgentia (1) pity (1)

MERC* (2)

PARC* (4) FAVOR* (1)

PITY (1)

CONTRISTARE (1) PITY (1)

PROPITIABILIS () FORGIVE (1)

Examples of usage:

Pss. 111:4

A clemens et misericors Dominus.

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The Lord is gracious and full of compassion.

Pss. 112:5

B bonus vir clemens et fenerans ioth dispensabit verba sua in iudicio.

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A good man sheweth favor, and lendeth.

Isa. 63:9

C et in indulgentia sua ipse redemit eos.

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and in his pity he redeemed them Isa. 27:11

D et qui formavit eum non parcet ei.

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and he that formed them will shew them no favor Gen. 19:16

E quod parceret Dominus illi.

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The Lord being merciful to him.

Isa. 27:11

F et qui formavit eum non parcet ei.

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and he that formed them will shew them no favor.

2Sam. 12:6

G ovem reddet in quadruplum eo quod fecerit verbum istud et non pepercerit.

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And he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity.

Pss. 69:20

H et expectavi qui contristaretur et non fuit.

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and I looked for some to take pity, but there was none.

PSS. 86:5

I For thou, Lord, art good, and ready to forgive; and plenteous in mercy unto all them that call upon thee.

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tu enim es Domine bonus et propitiabilis et multus misericordia omnibus qui invocant te In Figure 59 clemens corresponds with one of the broadest terms in the English set (favor*), as in example B, and one which is marked for emotion or tenderness

(gracious), as in A. This set again points out the difference in markedness between grace

(unmarked for emotion) and gracious (marked for emotion). Indulgentia (example C) is a single occurrence that is one of the four matches for the four occurrences of pity in the English data, connoting sympathy, and perhaps milder than parc* or contristare in its

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expression of emotion. One common English translation for parc* is ‘spare,’ i.e., to have pity or mercy on someone and spare them some ordeal. There are only four instances of parc* in this data (E-H), and two of four of them match merc*, which can connote this emotion, sympathy, tenderness. There is one match with pity, which does connote those things. There is one match with the ubiquitous favor*, which seems anomalous, and recalls the correspondence of favor* with clemens, another word connoting the same things as pity. The single occurrence of contristare matches one of the four instances of pity and shares the connotation of sympathy that pity has.

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Table 21 OT Latin-German GÜTE1

BARMHERZ*1

GNADE1

GNÄDIG1

ERBARM*1

FREUND*

LIEBE1

ZUNEIGEN JAMMERN WOHLTAT MISER*

GUT*1

GNADE2

BARMHERZ*2

LIEBE2

HULD GRATIA *

GUT*2

GNÄDIG2

BARMHERZ*2

CLEMENS ERBARM*2

BARMHERZ*3

GUNST1

WOHLGEFALLEN GNÄDIG3

PLAC*

GNADE3

REPROPITIATIO GNADE4