Indulgentia (1) cham* (1)

DOLUISTIS (1) CHAM* (1)

PROPITIABILIS(1) CALLACH (1)

Examples of usage:

Pss. 109:12

A non sit qui eius misereatur nec qui clemens [chen*] sit in pupillos eius.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Let there be none to extend mercy unto him: neither let there be any to favor his fatherless children]

Gen. 19:16

B quod parceret [cham*] Dominus illi .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[The Lord being merciful to him.]

Isa. 30:18

C propterea expectat Dominus ut misereatur vestri et ideo exaltabitur parcens [rach*]

vobis.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[And therefore will the LORD wait, that he may be gracious unto you, and therefore will he be exalted, that he may have mercy upon you]

Isa. 27:11

D et qui formavit eum non parcet [chen*] ei.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[and he that formed them will shew them no favor]

Pss. 69:20

E et expectavi qui contristaretur [nuwd] et non fuit.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[and I looked for some to take pity, but there was none]

Isa. 63:9

F et in indulgentia [cham*] sua ipse redemit eos.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[and in his pity he redeemed them]

1Sam. 23:21

G dixitque Saul benedicti vos a Domino quia doluistis [cham*] vicem meam.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

And Saul said, Blessed be ye of the LORD; for ye have compassion on me PSS. 86:5

H tu enim es Domine bonus et propitiabilis [callach] et multus misericordia omnibus qui invocant te

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[For thou, Lord, art good, and ready to forgive; and plenteous in mercy unto all them that call upon thee.]

Among the more-marked terms illustrated together in Figure 46, clemens appears only in the OT data, matching all seven times with chen* and connoting gentleness and mildness, as in example A. Parc* (B) is more marked than clemens, corresponding to cham* and rach*, which are marked for tenderness or emotion, as well as to chen*. Contristare (E) matches Hebrew nuwd. Each of these words appears only once, and are here in the data because of correspondence with English pity. Both connote tenderness and sympathy. Indulgentia (F) seems to imply merely ‘kindness’ or at least no more emotion than ‘indulgence,’ while its match in Hebrew, cham*, connotes

139

sympathy and whose other Latin match, doluistis (G), implies suffering and pain or at least sorrow. The correspondence of propitiabilis and callach (H) has been remarked on earlier, an instance of two words that are marked for emotion and indicate ‘clement, mild, forgiving.’

Figure 47 OT L-H bon*-benignita*-prudenter BON* (2) TOWB (3)

BENIGNITA* (1) TOWB (1)

PRUDENTER (1) TOWB (1)

Examples of usage:

Gen. 40:16

A videns pistorum magister quod prudenter [towb] somnium.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good]

Pss. 23:6

B sed et benignitas [towb] et misericordia subsequetur me omnibus diebus vitae meae et habitabo in domo Domini in longitudine dierum.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever]

Pss. 86:17

C fac mecum signum in bonitate [towb].

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Shew me a token for good.]

Bon* (Figure 47) matches towb (as in example C), which is not surprising since both mean most often ‘good.’ Benignita*, a way of saying ‘goodness,’ corresponds to Hebrew towb, ‘good’ in its broadest sense. Benignita* implies kindness as well as a kind of favor or approval. The general concept of goodness implied by towb is matched in one occurrence by prudenter, ‘skillful, cautious’ as in the interpretation of Joseph’s dream in example A.

140

Table 19 OT English-Latin MISER*1

GRATIA *1

PARC*1

PLAC*1

MERC*

TRIBUIT1

GRACE GRATIA*2

LOVINGKINDNESS MISER*2

KINDNESS MISER*3

GRATIA *3

GRATIA *4

MISER*4

PLAC*2

REPROPITIATIO RECONCILIATIO CLEMENS 1

VOL*

PARC*1