Verschonen (1) cham* (2)

SCHONEN (1) CHAM* (2)

MITLEID NUWD (1)

Examples of usage:

Isa. 14:1

A Denn der Herr wird sich über Jakob erbarmen [rach*].

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[For the Lord will have mercy on Jacob.]

Isa. 63:9

B Er erlöste sie, weil er sie liebte und Erbarmen [cham*] mit ihnen hatte.

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[In his love and in his pity he redeemed them.]

Gen. 19:16

C Weil der Herr ihn verschonen [cham*] wollte.

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[The Lord being merciful to him.]

2Sam. 12:6

D Dazu soll er das Schaf vierfach bezahlen, weil er das getan und sein eigenes geschont [cham*]

hat.

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[And he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity.]

Pss. 69:20

E Ich warte, ob jemand Mitleid [nuwd] habe, aber da ist niemand.

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[I looked for pity, but there was none.]

Figure 35 shows an area of the German data that is marked for emotion. Erbarm*

(example A) matches Hebrew rach*, both of which connote tenderness and compassion.

Hebrew cham* matches with schonen and verschonen (B-C), related words that indicate protection and sparing. The single occurrence of Hebrew nuwd (D) is matched in German with Mitleid, which is highly marked for emotion.

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Figure 36 OT G-H Wohlgefallen-mithalten-gönnen WOHLGEFALLEN (2) RATS* (2)

MITHALTEN (1) CHAPHETS (1)

GÖNNEN (1) CHAPHETS (1)

Pss. 30:7

A Denn, Herr, durch dein Wohlgefallen [rats*] hattest du mich auf einen hohen Fels gestellt.

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[Lord, by thy favor thou hast made my mountain to stand strong.]

2Sam. 20:11

B Wer's mit Joab hält [chaphets] und für David ist, der folge Joab nach!

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[Whoever favors Joab, and whoever is for David, let him follow Joab!]

Pss. 35:27

C Jubeln und freuen sollen sich, die mir gönnen [chaphets].

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[Let them shout for joy and be glad, that favor my righteous cause.]

Figure 36 shows an unmarked part of the field that describes a general ‘favor’ or

‘approval,’ in which some of the least marked words in both German and Hebrew correspond to each other.

Figure 37 OT G-H gut*-Gunst-gefall*

GUT* TOWB (4)

GUNST PANIYM (2)

TOWB (1)

GEFALL* TOWB (1)

Examples of usage:

Gen. 40:16

A Als der oberste Bäcker sah, daß die Deutung gut [towb] war, sprach er zu Josef.

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[When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good, he spoke to Joseph.]

Pss. 45:12

B Die Reichen im Volk suchen deine Gunst [paniym].

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[Even the rich among the people shall entreat thy favor.]

1Sam. 2:26

C Aber der Knabe Samuel nahm immer mehr zu an Alter und Gunst [towb] bei dem Herrn und bei den Menschen.

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[And the child Samuel grew on and was in favor both with the Lord, and also with men.]

1Sam. 29:6

D Aber du gefällst [towb] den Fürsten nicht.

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[Nevertheless, the lords favor thee not.]

Figure 37 also shows an unmarked part of the field that describes a general

‘goodness, favor, approval.’ Gut* matches its most conventional translation towb

(example A). Gunst also matches towb (C) as well as paniym (B)—Hebrew ‘face,’ i.e., a favorable regard or face of approval.

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Table 17 OT Hebrew-Latin CHECED MISER*1

GRATIA*1

GRATIA *2

MISER*2

CLEMENS *

TRIBUIT1

CHEN*

PARC*1

MISER*3

PLAC*1

RACH*

PARC*2

REPROPITIATIONE PLAC*2

BON*1

VOL*1

RATS*

RECONCILIATIO PLAC*3

PRUDENTER BENIGNITA*

BON*2

TOWB*

GRATIA *2

PARC*3

DOLUISTIS CHAM*