Indulgentia chaphets vol *2

PANIYM VULTUS FACIES CALLACH PROPITIABILIS NUWD CONTRISTARE*

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OT Hebrew and Latin The field-by-field comparison for Hebrew and Latin shows a few major correspondences, i.e., checed-miser*, along with a number of minor synonyms in the Latin vocabulary that make the ratio of Hebrew to Latin terms about 1:3 or 4.

Figure 38 OT H-L checed CHECED (128) MISER* (76)

GRATIA * (2)

Examples of usage:

Pss. 18:50

A et facienti misericordiam [checed] christo suo.

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[And sheweth mercy to his anointed.]

2Sam. 16:17

B ad quem Absalom haec est inquit gratia [checed] tua ad amicum tuum quare non isti cum amico tuo.

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[And Absalom said to Hushai, Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend?]

Figure 38 shows that miser* and checed dominate the Latin and Hebrew data, and show a match here of seventy-six out of one hundred twenty-eight occurrences of miser*.

Both obviously occupy a large semantic area, and in this set are unmarked for emotion or tenderness but express the general meaning ‘kindness, mercy, love.’

Figure 39 OT H-L rach*

MISER* (26)

RACH* (30) PLAC* (1)

PARC (1)

Examples of usage:

Pss. 40:11

A tu Domine non prohibebis misericordias [rach* ] tuas a me.

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[Withold not thou thy tender mercies from me.]

Gen. 43:14

B Deus autem meus omnipotens faciat vobis eum placabilem [rach*]

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[And God Almighty give you mercy before the man.]

Isa. 30:18

C propterea expectat Dominus ut misereatur vestri et ideo exaltabitur parcens [rach*] vobis

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[And therefore will the LORD wait, that he may be gracious unto you, and therefore will he be exalted, that he may have mercy upon you.]

As noted previously, rach* (Figure 39) is marked for emotion or tenderness, and like English merc*, Latin miser* matches both the unmarked checed and the marked rach*. Some of the other Latin terms have this connotation of tenderness as well, 130

particularly clemens and parc*, while plac* is like miser*, unmarked but able to occupy this part of the field as well.

Figure 40 OT H-L chen*-rats*

GRATIA * (25)

CHEN* (53) MISER* (19)

CLEMENS (7)

TRIBUIT (1)

PARC* (1)

REPROPITIATIONE (2)

RATS* (8) PLAC* (2)

MISER* (1)

VOL* (1)

RECONCILIATIO (1)

Examples of usage:

Gen. 6:8

A Noe vero invenit gratiam [chen*] coram Domino.

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[But Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord.]

Pss. 6:2

B Miserere [chen*] mei Domine quoniam infirmus sum.

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[Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak]

Pss. 109:12

C non sit qui eius misereatur nec qui clemens [chen*] sit in pupillos eius.

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[Let there be none to extend mercy unto him: neither let there be any to favor his fatherless children]

Pss. 37:21

D lameth fenus accipit impius et non reddit iustus autem donat et tribuit [chen*]

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[The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth.]

Isa. 27:11

E et qui formavit eum non parcet [chen*] ei.

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[and he that formed them will shew them no favor]

Pss. 106:4

F recordare mei Domine in repropitiatione [rats*] populi tui visita me in salutari tuo

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[Remember me, O LORD, with the favor that thou bearest unto thy people: O visit me with thy salvation.]

Pss. 5:12

G quia tu benedices iusto Domine ut scuto placabilitatis [rats*] coronabis eum.

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[For thou, LORD, wilt bless the righteous; with favor wilt thou compass him as with a shield.]

Pss. 89:17

H quia gloria fortitudinis eorum tu es et in misericordia [rats*] tua elevabis cornu nostrum.

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[For thou art the glory of their strength: and in thy favor our horn shall be exalted.]

Pss. 30:7

I Domine in voluntate [rats*] tua posuisti monti meo fortitudinem abscondisti faciem tuam et factus sum conturbatus.

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[Lord, by thy favor thou hast made my mountain to stand strong: thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled]

Isa. 60:10

J et in reconciliatione [rats*] mea misertus sum tui.

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[but in my favor have I had mercy on thee]

In Figure 40 chen* and gratia* are another large area of correspondence, typified by example A. Nevertheless, like German Gnade, chen* is divided among a number of words, with gratia* predominating, but not overwhelmingly. The correspondences for Hebrew rats* (F-J) show that while in English Hebrew rats* is always favor*, Latin shows no clear preference. The ubiquitous miser* appears here as well (H), showing the

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large territory it occupies. Reconciliatio and repropitiatio appear only here, and plac*

and vol* illustrate aspects of the general concept ‘favor’ i.e., ‘pleasing’ and ‘willing.’

Figure 41 OT H-L towb-chaphets PLAC* (2)

TOWB (6) PRUDENTER (1)

BENIGNITA* (1)

BON* (1)

GRATIA* (1)

CHAPHETS (2) VOL* (2)

Examples of usage

1Sam. 2:26

A puer autem Samuhel proficiebat atque crescebat et placebat [towb] tam Deo quam hominibus.

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[And the child Samuel grew on and was in favor both with the Lord, and also with men.]

Gen. 40:16

B videns pistorum magister quod prudenter [towb] somnium

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[When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good]

Pss. 23:6

C sed et benignitas [towb] et misericordia subsequetur me omnibus diebus vitae meae et habitabo in domo Domini in longitudine dierum.

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[Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever]

Pss. 86:17

D fac mecum signum in bonitate [towb] .

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[Shew me a token for good.]

2Sam. 2:26

E et nunc retribuet quidem vobis Dominus misericordiam et veritatem sed et ego reddam gratiam [towb] eo quod feceritis verbum istud.

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[And now the LORD shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing].

2Sam. 20:11

F Ioab dixerunt ecce qui esse voluit [chaphets] pro Ioab comes David pro Ioab.

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[Whoever favors Joab, and whoeveer is for David, let him follow Joab!]

Figure 41 illustrates the relationships of the general concept towb (‘good’), which, like rats*, has a number of correspondences in Latin, including single occurrences of prudenter (B) and benignita* (C) as well as bon* (D)—‘good’, plac* (A)—‘pleasing,’

and gratia*. Chaphets matches one of these Latin words, vol*, expressing ‘willingness.’

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Figure 42 OT H-L cham-nuwd-callach PARC* (2)

CHAM* (4) DOLUISTIS (1)