Indulgentia miser*4

CLEMENS 4

PARC*2

PLAC*3

GNÄDIG PROPITIABILIS PRUDENTER BENIGNITA BON*2

GUT*

GRATIA *2

PLAC*4

Vultus gunst facies freund* miser*5

LIEBE MISER*6

GRATIA *3

Verschonen parc3

SCHONEN PARC4

ZUNEIGEN MISER*7

MITLEID CONTRISTARE HULD GRATIA *4

MITHALTEN GRATIA *5

JAMMERN MISER*8

WOHLTAT MISER*9

GEFALL* PLAC*5

WOHLGEFALLEN VOL*

GÖNNEN VOL*2

164

OT German and Latin German and Latin correspondences show a relatively large number of words, with some major correspondences and a number of marginal ones. The German data shows less of a tendency to have a concentration of very frequent words than Latin, English, or Hebrew.

Figure 66 OT G-L Güte-freund*-Liebe-Wohltat-zuneigen GÜTE (58) MISER* (57)

BON* (1)

FREUND* (4) MISER* (4)

LIEBE (2) MISER* (1)

GRATIA * (1)

WOHLTAT (1) MISER* (1)

ZUNEIGEN (1) MISER* (1)

Examples of usage:

Pss. 25:10

A Die Wege des Herrn sind lauter Güte und Treue für alle.

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omnes semitae Domini misericordia et veritas

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[All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth.]

Isa. 63.7

B der großen Güte an dem Hause Israel

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multitudinem bonorum domui Israhel

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[the great goodness toward the house of Israel]

2Sam. 3:8

C Bin ich denn ein Hundskopf aus Juda? Heute erweise ich mich freundlich

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caput canis ego sumadversum Iuda hodie qui fecerim misericordiam

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[Am I a dog’s head, which against Judah do shew kindness this day]

Gen. 20:13

D Die Liebe tu mir an.

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hanc misericordiam facies mecum

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[This is the kindness that thou shalt shew unto me.]

2Sam. 16:17

E Absalom aber sprach zu Huschai: Ist das deine Liebe zu deinem Freunde? Warum bist du nicht mit deinem Freunde gezogen?

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ad quem Absalom haec est inquit gratia tua ad amicum tuum quare non isti cum amico tuo

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[And Absalom said to Hushai, Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend?]

Pss. 107:43

F Wer ist weise und behält dies? Der wird merken, wieviel Wohltaten der Herr erweist.

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quis sapiens et custodiet haec et intellegent misericordias Domini

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[Whoso is wise and will observe those things, even they shall understand the lovingkindness of the Lord.]

Gen. 39:21

G Aber der Herr war mit ihm und neigte die Herzen zu ihm.

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fuit autem Dominus cum Ioseph et misertus illius.

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But the LORD was with Joseph, and shewed him mercy

165

Figure 66 shows Güte, one of a number of correspondences with miser* in the German data, which, in contrast to English, tends to have multiple correspondences of a group of German words with a group of Latin words rather than having certain dominant correspondences. Güte (example A) is general and unmarked, and is one of the checed/merc*-kindness/miser* correspondences of terms that occupy a large semantic area, and matches miser* fifty-seven times, bon* (example B) once. Freund* (C) is one of the many matches for Latin miser* and corresponds well to English kindness and lovingkindness, which match miser* as well as Hebrew checed. Liebe (D-E) matches miser* and gratia*, the two major words in the Latin field. The match with miser* is not unexpected, and echoes the RSV usage ‘steadfast love’ but the match with gratia* is more surprising, especially since freund*, which connotes ‘kindness’ in the same way as Liebe, matches only miser*. The single instance of Wohltat (F) is one of the many matches for miser* in the German data, showing one more way of expressing the unmarked meanings ‘kindness’ or ‘goodwill’ and zuneigen (G) expresses the meaning

‘incline, bend,’ that is seen throughout the field grace.

Figure 67 OT G-L Gnade-barmherz*-Huld-mithalten MISER* (32)

GNADE (61) GRATIA * (25)

REPROPITIATIO (3)

RECONCILIATIONE

(1)

PLAC* (1)

MISER* (33)

PLAC* (2)

BARMHERZ* (39) GRATIA * (1)

TRIBUIT (1)

CLEMENS (1)

HULD (1) GRATIA * (1)

MITHALTEN (1) GRATIA * (1)

Examples of usage:

166

Pss. 89:1

A Ich will singen von der Gnade des Herrn.

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misericordias Domini in aeternum cantabo

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[I will sing of the mercies of the Lord.]

Gen. 6:8

B Aber Noah fand Gnade vor dem Herrn.

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Noe vero invenit gratiam coram Domino

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[And Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord.]

Pss. 106:4

C Herr, gedenke meiner nach der Gnade, die du deinem Volk verheißen hast; erweise an uns deine Hilfe, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

recordare mei Domine in repropitiatione populi tui visita me in salutari tuo

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[Remember me, O LORD, with the favor that thou bearest unto thy people: O visit me with thy salvation.]

Isa. 60:10

D et in reconciliatione mea misertus sum tui

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aber in meiner Gnade erbarme ich mich über dich.

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[but in my favor have I had mercy on thee]

Pss. 5:12

E Denn du, Herr, segnest die Gerechten, du deckest sie mit Gnade wie mit einem Schilde.

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quia tu benedices iusto Domine ut scuto placabilitatis coronabis eum.

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[For thou, LORD, wilt bless the righteous; with favor wilt thou compass him as with a shield.]

Gen. 21:23

F So schwöre mir nun bei Gott, daß du mir … keine Untreue erweisen wollest, sondern die Barmherzigkeit, die ich an dir getan habe.

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iura ergo per Dominum ne noceas mihi et posteris meis stirpique meae sed iuxta misericordiam quam feci tibi facies mihi et terrae in qua versatus es advena

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[Now therefore swear unto me here by God that thou wilt not deal falsely with me … but according to the kindness that I have done unto thee.]

Gen. 43:14

G Aber der allmächtige Gott gebe euch Barmherzigkeit vor dem Manne, daß er mit euch ziehen lasse euren andern Bruder.

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Deus autem meus omnipotens faciat vobis eum placabilem et remittat vobiscum fratrem vestrum

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[And God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may send away you other brother.]

2Sam. 15:20

H Dir widerfahre Barmherzigkeit und Treue.

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ostendisti gratiam et fidem

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[Mercy and truth be with thee.]

Pss. 37:21

I Der Gottlose muß borgen und bezahlt nicht,aber der Gerechte ist barmherzig und kann geben.

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lameth fenus accipit impius et non reddit iustus autem donat et tribuit

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[The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth.]

Pss. 112:5

J Wohl dem, der barmherzig ist und gerne leiht

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bonus vir clemens et fenerans ioth dispensabit verba sua in iudicio

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[A good man sheweth favor, and lendeth.]

Pss. 45:2

K decore pulchrior es filiis hominum effusa est gratia in labiis tuis propterea benedixit tibi Deus in aeternum

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Du bist der Schönste unter den Menschenkindern, voller Huld sind deine Lippen.

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[Thou art fairer than the children of men: grace is poured into thy lips.]

2Sam. 20:11

L Ioab dixerunt ecce qui esse voluit pro Ioab comes David pro Ioab.

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Wer's mit Joab hält und für David ist, der folge Joab nach!

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Whoever favors Joab, and whoeveer is for David, let him follow Joab!

Gnade (Figure 67) corresponds with most of the major words in the Latin field, matching miser* thirty-two times (example A), more often than it matches gratia*

(twenty-five) as seen in example B, as well as corresponding a handful of times to repropitiatio (C), reconciliatio (D), and plac* (E), showing once more that Gnade means more than English grace, as well as demonstrating the tendency in the German data for

167

multiple correspondences. The correspondences of barmherz* and Gnade are similar.

Barmherz* matches miser*, plac*, gratia*, tribuit, and clemens (examples F-J). The correspondence of barmherz* with miser* is most significant, however, thirty-three out of thirty-nine times. Huld (K) is a synonym of Gnade that matches only gratia* in contrast to the broader correspondence of the less-marked Gnade. Like Huld, mithalten

(L) is a synonym of Gnade with a single occurrence in this data that corresponds to gratia*.

Figure 68 OT G-L gefall*-gönnen-Wohlgefallen GEFALL* (1) PLAC* (1)

GÖNNEN (1) VOL* (1)

WOHLGEFALLEN (1) VOL* (1)

Examples of usage:

1Sam. 29:6

A Aber du gefällst den Fürsten nicht.

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hanc sed satrapis non places

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[Nevertheless, the lords favor thee not.]

Pss. 30:7

B Denn, Herr, durch dein Wohlgefallen hattest du mich auf einen hohen Fels gestellt.

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Domine in voluntate tua posuisti monti meo fortitudinem abscondisti faciem tuam et factus sum conturbatus

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[Lord, by thy favor thou hast made my mountain to stand strong.]

Pss. 35:27

C Jubeln und freuen sollen sich, die mir gönnen.

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laudent et laetentur qui volunt iustitiam meam et dicant semper magnificetur Dominus qui vult pacem servi sui

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[Let them shout for joy and be glad, that favor my righteous cause.]

In Figure 68, gefall* (example A) is a close translation of plac*—‘please, pleasing’ that coexists with the less literal correspondences of plac* to barmherz*, etc.

Like gefall/plac*, Wohlgefallen (C) is a close match for the basic meanings of its Latin match vol*— ‘pleasing, willing.’ Like Wohlgefallen, gönnen (D) renders the meanings

‘please, grant, be willing’ of the Latin vol*.

168

Figure 69 OT G-L erbarm*-gnädig-jammern-verschonen-schonen MISER* (11)

DOLUISTIS (1)

ERBARM* (14) CLEMENS (1)