18.=" 5-< 2"F,*">44 12 F,>Hb$Db ':"&>Z6 8@<4H,H JH&,D*4: H,8FH F B@BD"&8"<4 *:b 2"<,>Z
H,8FH" (:"&Z VII (C,BD@*J8H4&>Z, BD"&" 4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@, 2*@D@&\,) BD@,8H" BD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 4 D,8@<,>*@&": 7@>L,D,>P44 BD4>bH\ ^HJ (:"&J F &>,F,>>Z<4 & >,, B@BD"&8"<4 (F<. A/CONF.171/L.3/Add.7). E 2"b&:,>4b<4 &ZFHJB4:4 BD,*FH"&4H,:4 !D(,>H4>Z, E4D46F8@6 !D"$F8@6 C,FBJ$:484, ]8&"*@D", +(4BH", E&bH,6T,(@ AD,FH@:", ;":\HZ, GJDP44, S&,P44 (H"80,
@H 4<,>4 =@D&,(44 4 K4>:b>*44), =48"D"(J", 3>*44, 3@D*">44, 94&46F8@6 !D"$F8@6
)0"<"N4D44, 1"<$44, ;":4 4 E":\&"*@D".
19.=" H@< 0, 2"F,*">44 ':"&>Z6 8@<4H,H JH&,D*4: B@BD"&84 8 (:"&, XIII (),bH,:\>@FH\ >"
>"P4@>":\>@< JD@&>,) BD@,8H" BD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 4 D,8@<,>*@&": 7@>L,D,>P44 BD4>bH\ ^HJ (:"&J
F &>,F,>>Z<4 & >,, B@BD"&8"<4 (F<. A/CONF.171/L.3/ Add.13).
20.G"80, >" 5-< 2"F,*">44 ':"&>Z6 8@<4H,H JH&,D*4: B@BD"&84 8 (:"&, X (;,0*J>"D@*>"b <4(D"P4b) BD@,8H" BD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 4 D,8@<,>*@&": 7@>L,D,>P44 BD4>bH\ ^HJ (:"&J F &>,F,>>Z<4 & >,, B@BD"&8"<4 (F<. A/CONF.171/L.3/Add.10).
21.=" H@< 0, 2"F,*">44 ':"&>Z6 8@<4H,H JH&,D*4: H,8FH F B@BD"&8"<4 *:b 2"<,>Z H,8FH" (:"&Z II (AD4>P4BZ) BD@,8H" BD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 4 D,8@<,>*@&": 7@>L,D,>P44 BD4>bH\ ^HJ (:"&J F &>,F,>>Z<4 & >,, B@BD"&8"<4 (F<. A/CONF.171/L.3/Add.2). E 2"b&:,>4b<4 &ZFHJB4:4 BD,*FH"&4H,:4 S&,P44, ',D<">44 (@H 4<,>4 +&D@B,6F8@(@ F@`2"), E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& !<,D484,
3F:"<F8@6 C,FBJ$:484 3D">, 3>*44, !>H4(J" 4 #"D$J*Z, +(4BH" 4 E&bH,6T,(@ AD,FH@:".
22.=" H@< 0, 2"F,*">44 ':"&>Z6 8@<4H,H JH&,D*4: H,8FH F B@BD"&8"<4 *:b 2"<,>Z H,8FH"
(:"&Z I (AD,"<$J:") BD@,8H" BD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 4 D,8@<,>*@&": 7@>L,D,>P44 BD4>bH\ ^HJ (:"&J
F &>,F,>>Z<4 & >,, B@BD"&8"<4 (F<. A/CONF.171/L.3/Add.1). E 2"b&:,>4b<4 &ZFHJB4:4
BD,*FH"&4H,:4 14<$"$&, 4 3>*44.
23.=" H@< 0, 2"F,*">44 ':"&>Z6 8@<4H,H JH&,D*4: B@BD"&84 8 (:"&, V (E,<\b, ,, LJ>8P44,
BD"&", F@FH"& 4 FHDJ8HJD") BD@,8H" BD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 4 D,8@<,>*@&": 7@>L,D,>P44 BD4>bH\ ^HJ
(:"&J F &>,F,>>Z<4 & >,, B@BD"&8"<4 (F<. A/CONF.171/L.3/ Add.5).
24.G"80, >" 5-< 2"F,*">44 ':"&>Z6 8@<4H,H JH&,D*4: B@BD"&84 8 (:"&, XIV (;,0*J>"D@*>@, F@HDJ*>4R,FH&@) BD@,8H" BD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 4 D,8@<,>*@&": 7@>L,D,>P44 BD4>bH\ ^HJ (:"&J F &>,F,>>Z<4 & >,, B@BD"&8"<4 (F<. !/CONF.171/L.3/ Add.14).
25.=" H@< 0, 2"F,*">44 ':"&>Z6 8@<4H,H JH&,D*4: H,8FH (:"&Z XV (E@HDJ*>4R,FH&@ F >,(@FJ*"DcH&,>>Z< F,8H@D@<) F JR,H@< B@BD"&@8, &>,F,>>ZN & *DJ(4, (:"&Z BD@,8H" BD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46, 4 D,8@<,>*@&": 7@>L,D,>P44 BD4>bH\ ^HJ (:"&J F &>,F,>>Z<4 & >,, B@BD"&8"<4 (F<. A/CONF.171/L.3/Add.15 4 17).
- 125 -
':"&" V
AC3=aG3+ AC?'C!;;Y )+5EG%35
1.=" 13-< B:,>"D>@< 2"F,*">44 13 F,>Hb$Db 7@>L,D,>P4b D"FF<@HD,:" D,8@<,>*"P44 & @H>@T,>44 BD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46, F@*,D0"V4,Fb & *@8:"*, ':"&>@(@ 8@<4H,H"
(F<. A/CONF.171/L.3 4 Add.1-17). AD,*F,*"H,:\ ':"&>@(@ 8@<4H,H" KD^* E"4 ('">") F*,:": 2"b&:,>4,.
2.A@F:, &>,F,>4b *@B@:>4H,:\>ZN B@BD"&@8 & (:"&Z I 4 II AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 7@>L,D,>P4b
BD4>b:" (:"&Z I-XVI, 8"8 ^H@ $Z:@ D,8@<,>*@&">@ ':"&>Z< |
8@<4H,H@<. 1"<,R">4b 4:4 @(@&@D84 |
& @H>@T,>44 D"2:4R>ZN (:"& AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 &ZF8"2":4 |
F:,*J`V4, BD,*FH"&4H,:4: |
") BD,*FH"&4H,:4 #D"24:44 4 !&FHD44 & @H>@T,>44 (:"&Z I;
b) BD,*FH"&4H,:4 3F:"<F8@6 C,FBJ$:484 3D"> 4 74H"b & @H>@T,>44 (:"&Z II;
F) BD,*FH"&4H,:4 3F:"<F8@6 C,FBJ$:484 3D"> 4 94&46F8@6 !D"$F8@6 )0"<"N4D44 & @H>@T,>44 (:"&Z IV;
d) BD,*FH"&4H,:4 )@<4>48">F8@6 C,FBJ$:484, A"84FH">" 4 14<$"$&, & @H>@T,>44 (:"&Z V;
,) BD,*FH"&4H,:4 94&46F8@6 !D"$F8@6 )0"<"N4D44, 5,<,>", +(4BH", 3>*@>,244,
!:04D", !L(">4FH">", E4D46F8@6 !D"$F8@6 C,FBJ$:484, E":\&"*@D", 7J&,6H", 3@D*">44,
;":\HZ, 3F:"<F8@6 C,FBJ$:484 3D">, ;":"6244, )04$JH4 4 ;":\*4&F84N ?FHD@&@& & @H>@T,>44
(:"&Z VII;
f)BD,*FH"&4H,:4 7@:J<$44, 94&46F8@6 !D"$F8@6 )0"<"N4D44, E":\&"*@D", 'DJ244,
3>*@>,244, 5,<,>Z 4 ;":\HZ & @H>@T,>44 (:"&Z VIII;
g)BD,*FH"&4H,:4 K4:4BB4> 4 7@H-*'3&J"D" & @H>@T,>44 (:"&Z X;
h)BD,*FH"&4H,:\ !&FHD":44 & @H>@T,>44 (:"&Z XIV;
i)BD,*FH"&4H,:4 GJ>4F" 4 E,>,(":" & @H>@T,>44 (:"&Z XVI.
3.G"80, >" 13-< B:,>"D>@< 2"F,*">44 BD,*FH"&4H,:\ !:04D" @H 4<,>4 (@FJ*"DFH& -R:,>@& ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46, &N@*bV4N & 'DJBBJ 77, &Z>,F >" @$FJ0*,>4, BD@,8H D,2@:`P44 (A/CONF.171/L.5), @2"(:"&:,>>Z6 "AD@(D"<<" *,6FH&46 ;,0*J>"D@*>@6 8@>L,D,>P44 B@ >"D@*@>"F,:,>4` 4 D"2&4H4`". E 2"b&:,>4b<4 &ZFHJB4:4 BD,*FH"&4H,:4 A,DJ 4 ]8&"*@D".
4.=" 14-< B:,>"D>@< 2"F,*">44 13 F,>Hb$Db 7@>L,D,>P4b BD4>b:" ^H@H BD@,8H D,2@:`P44
(H,8FH F<. & (:"&, I, D,2@:`P4b 1).
5.)@ BD4>bH4b ^H@(@ BD@,8H" D,2@:`P44 F 2"b&:,>4b<4 &ZFHJB4:4 BD,*FH"&4H,:4 !D(,>H4>Z,
)@<4>48">F8@6 C,FBJ$:484, ?$X,*4>,>>ZN !D"$F84N ]<4D"H@&, E&bH,6T,(@ AD,FH@:", =48"D"(J",
#,:42", '@>*JD"F", ;":"6244, E":\&"*@D", '&"H,<":Z, Q4:4, %,>,FJ^:Z, 7@FH"-C484, A"D"(&"b,
A"84FH">", GJ&":J, 94&46F8@6 !D"$F8@6 )0"<"N4D44, '&4>,4, GJDP44, #DJ>,6-)"DJFF":"<",
1"<$44, 7@H-*'3&J"D" 4 7"<,DJ>".
IFH>Z, 2"b&:,>4b 4 @(@&@D84, 8"F"`V4,Fb AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46
- 126 -
6.=" 13-< 4 14-< B:,>"D>ZN 2"F,*">4bN BD,*FH"&4H,:4 Db*" FHD"> F*,:":4 2"b&:,>4b 4 @$D"H4:4F\ 8 F,8D,H"D4"HJ 7@>L,D,>P44 F BD@F\$@6 &8:`R4H\ 4N & @HR,H @ 2"F,*">44. ]H4 2"b&:,>4b BD4&@*bHFb >40,.
7.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ !L(">4FH">" 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
),:,("P4b !L(">4FH">" 0,:",H &ZF8"2"H\ @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 F:@& "@H*,:\>ZN :4P"
& (:"&, VII, " H"80, & @H>@T,>44 H,N R"FH,6, 8@H@DZ, >, F@@H&,HFH&J`H 4F:"<F8@<J T"D4"HJ.
8.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ #DJ>,6-)"DJFF":"<" 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
% >"T,< B@>4<">44 @*4> 42 "FB,8H@& D,BD@*J8H4&>ZN BD"& 4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b, 8@>8D,H>@ JB@<b>JHZ6 & BJ>8H"N 7.3 4 7.47 4 B@*BJ>8H, F BJ>8H" 13.14
AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46, BD@H4&@D,R4H 4F:"<F8@<J 2"8@>J 4 >"T,<J >"P4@>":\>@<J 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&J, ^H4R,F84< P,>>@FHb< 4 8J:\HJD>Z< JFH@b<. ;@b FHD">" 0,:",H @L4P4":\>@ &ZF8"2"H\ @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 ^H4N BJ>8H@&.
9.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ E":\&"*@D" 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
AD42>"&"b, RH@ @H*,:\>Z, "FB,8HZ AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 >@FbH RD,2&ZR"6>@ 8@>FHDJ8H4&>Z6 N"D"8H,D 4 4<,`H &"0>,6T,, 2>"R,>4, *:b $J*JV,(@ D"2&4H4b R,:@&,R,FH&",
F,<\4 4 >"T4N *,H,6, <Z 8"8 DJ8@&@*4H,:4 FHD"> >, <@0,< >, &ZF8"2"H\ @(@&@D84,
8@H@DZ,, B@ >"T,<J <>,>4`, b&:b`HFb J<,FH>Z<4. +F:4 <Z >, F*,:",< ^H@(@, H@ <Z >, F<@0,< @H&,H4H\ >" &@BD@FZ >"T4N >"D@*@&, 8@H@DZ,, &>, &Fb84N F@<>,>46, $J*JH 2"*">Z.
3<,>>@ B@ ^H@6 BD4R4>,, BD42>"&"b BD"&4:\>@FH\ @$V,6 >"BD"&:,>>@FH4 *@8J<,>H", F 8@H@DZ< <Z F@(:"F4:4F\ 4 8@H@DZ6 <Z @*@$D4:4, <Z 0,:",< 2"b&4H\, RH@ 4<,`HFb HD4 @F>@&>ZN "FB,8H", 8@H@DZ, &Z2Z&"`H >"TJ @$,FB@8@,>>@FH\. A@^H@<J & F@@H&,HFH&44 F
BD"&4:"<4 BD@P,*JDZ 7@>L,D,>P44 <Z N@H,:4 $Z &ZF8"2"H\ F:,*J`V4, @(@&@D84 4 BD@F4H\ B@:>@FH\` @HD"24H\ 4N & *@8:"*, 7@>L,D,>P44.
;Z, FHD">Z 9"H4>F8@6 !<,D484, B@*B4F":4 !<,D48">F8J` 8@>&,>P4` @ BD"&"N R,:@&,8" (A"8H E">-M@F,). % FH"H\, 4 ^H@6 8@>&,>P44 &B@:>, >,*&JF<ZF:,>>@ J8"2Z&",HFb, RH@ 042>\ *@:0>" @ND">bH\Fb F <@<,>H" 2"R"H4b. 7D@<, H@(@, B@F8@:\8J >"T4 FHD">Z & @F>@&>@< 4FB@&,*J`H ND4FH4">FH&@, <Z FR4H",<, RH@ 042>\ *",HFb E@2*"H,:,<, 4 >48H@ >, <@0,H $ZH\ :4T,> ,,, ,F:4 >, 4<,,HFb BD4R4>Z, 8@H@D"b ^H@ @BD"&*Z&",H. A@^H@<J & H@<, RH@ 8"F",HFb BD4>P4B" 1 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46, <Z BD4F@,*4>b,<Fb 8 @(@&@D8,, &ZF8"2">>@6 *,:,("P4,6 !D(,>H4>Z: <Z FR4H",<, RH@ 042>\ *@:0>" @ND">bH\Fb F <@<,>H" 2"R"H4b.
QH@ 8"F",HFb F,<\4, H@, N@Hb <Z B@:>@FH\` B@>4<",< F<ZF: *@8J<,>H", >"< N@H,:@F\ $Z &ZF8"2"H\ @F@$Z, @(@&@D84 & @H>@T,>44 H@(@, 8"8 $J*,H H@:8@&"H\Fb B@>bH4, "D"2:4R>Z, H4BZ F,<\4", B@F8@:\8J F,<\b, 8"8 ^H@ @BD,*,:,>@ & >"T,< 7@*,8F, @ F,<\, 4 $D"8, 4 & 7@>FH4HJP44 >"T,6 C,FBJ$:484, b&:b,HFb F@`2@< <,0*J <J0R4>@6 4 0,>V4>@6*.
*A@2*>,, BD,*FH"&4H,:\ E":\&"*@D" 4FBD"&4: ^H@ 2"b&:,>4, F:,*J`V4< @$D"2@<:
QH@ 8"F",HFb D"2:4R>ZN H4B@& F,<\4, H@ <Z >4 BD4 8"84N @$FH@bH,:\FH&"N >,
<@0,< 42<,>4H\ B,D&@@F>@&J 4 LJ>*"<,>H F,<\4, b&:b`V4,Fb F@`2@< <,0*J
<J0R4>@6 4 0,>V4>@6, >" @F>@&, 8@H@D@(@ D@0*"`HFb *,H4.
- 127 -
QH@ 8"F",HFb D,BD@*J8H4&>ZN BD"&, D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b 4 B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4, H@ <Z, 8"8 4 *DJ(4, FHD">Z 9"H4>F8@6 !<,D484, N@H,:4 $Z &ZF8"2"H\ F:,*J`V4, @(@&@D84: >"< >48@(*" >, F:,*J,H &8:`R"H\ & &ZT,J8"2">>Z, 8@>P,BP44 "$@DH >4 8"8 JF:J(J, >4 8"8 @*4> 42 <,H@*@& D,(J:4D@&">4b D@0*",<@FH4.
),:,("P4b E":\&"*@D" B@**,D04&",H @(@&@D84, &ZF8"2">>Z, *DJ(4<4 FHD">"<4 & @H>@T,>44 F:@& "@H*,:\>Z, :4P"", BD@H4& 8@H@DZN <Z &@2D"0":4 & ':"&>@< 8@<4H,H,. G"8@6 B@*N@* BD@H4&@D,R4H >"T,<J 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&J 4 &F:,*FH&4, ^H@(@ <@0,H $ZH\ 4FH@:8@&"> @T4$@R>@. A@^H@<J <Z &ZF8"2Z&",< @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 F:@& "@H*,:\>Z, :4P"".
10.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ '@>*JD"F" 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
E@(:"F>@ BD"&4:J 33 BD"&4: BD@P,*JDZ *,:,("P4b '@>*JD"F", B@**,D04&"b AD@(D"<<J *,6FH&46 >"T,6 7@>L,D,>P44, N@H,:" $Z & F@@H&,HFH&44 F BD"&4:@< 38
BD"&4: BD@P,*JDZ &ZF8"2"H\ F:,*J`V4, @(@&@D84 4 BD@F4H\ B@:>@FH\` @HD"24H\ 4N & @8@>R"H,:\>@< *@8:"*,.
% F&@,6 B@**,D08, AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 ;,0*J>"D@*>@6 8@>L,D,>P44 B@ >"D@*@>"F,:,>4` 4 D"2&4H4` *,:,("P4b '@>*JD"F" 4FN@*4H 42 B@:@0,>46 ),8:"D"P44,
BD4>bH@6 20 "&(JFH" 1994 (@*" >" BbH>"*P"H@< E@&,V">44 BD,24*,>H@& FHD"> O,>HD":\>@6 !<,D484 & 94<@>,, 7@FH"-C48", 4, & R"FH>@FH4, 42 F:,*J`V,(@:
") 42 FH"H\4 65 7@>FH4HJP44 C,FBJ$:484 '@>*JD"F, & 8@H@D@6 (@&@D4HFb @ H@<, RH@ BD"&@ >" 042>\ >,BD48@F>@&,>>@, 4 42 FH"H,6 111 4 112 7@>FH4HJP44, & 8@H@DZN (@&@D4HFb, RH@ (@FJ*"DFH&@ *@:0>@ @ND">bH\ 4>FH4HJH F,<\4 4 $D"8", 4 @ BD"&, <J0R4> 4 0,>V4> &FHJB"H\ & $D"84 4 (D"0*">F84, $D"84;
b)42 !<,D48">F8@6 8@>&,>P44 @ BD"&"N R,:@&,8", & 8@H@D@6 B@*H&,D0*",HFb,
RH@ 8"0*Z6 R,:@&,8 4<,,H BD"&@ >" 042>\ 4 RH@ ^H@ BD"&@ $J*,H @ND">bH\Fb 2"8@>@<
4 |
& P,:@< @ND">b,H F <@<,>H" 2"R"H4b >" @F>@&, <@D":\>ZN, ^H4R,F84N, D,:4(4@2>ZN |
4 |
8J:\HJD>ZN BD4>P4B@&, 8@H@DZ<4 *@:0>@ DJ8@&@*FH&@&"H\Fb <,0*J>"D@*>@, |
F@@$V,FH&@, 4 & F@@H&,HFH&44 F <,0*J>"D@*>@ BD42>">>Z<4 BD"&"<4 R,:@&,8".
A@^H@<J F 8@>P,BP4b<4 "B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4", "F,8FJ":\>@(@ 2*@D@&\b", "D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b", "$,2@B"F>@(@ <"H,D4>FH&"", "D,(J:4D@&">4b D@0*",<@FH4", "D,BD@*J8H4&>ZN BD"&" 4 "F,8FJ":\>ZN BD"&" <@0>@ F@(:"F4H\Fb :4T\ & H@< F:JR",, ,F:4 @>4 >, &8:`R"`H B@>bH4, ""$@DH" 4:4 "BD,DZ&">4, $,D,<,>>@FH4", B@F8@:\8J & '@>*JD"F, @>4 2"BD,V,>Z 2"8@>@<. ;Z >, BD42>",< 4N 4 8"8 <,H@* D,(J:4D@&">4b D@0*",<@FH4 4:4 R4F:,>>@FH4 >"F,:,>4b.
%@-&H@DZN, B@F8@:\8J & *@8J<,>H, 4FB@:\2J,HFb >@&"b H,D<4>@:@(4b, " H"80, 8@>P,BP44, 8@H@DZ, F:,*J,H $@:,, J(:J$:,>>@ BD@">":424D@&"H\, 4 *:b @B4F">4b ^H4N H,D<4>@& 4 8@>P,BP46 4FB@:\2J,HFb >"JR>"b, F@P4":\>"b 4:4 8">P,:bDF8"b :,8F48",
8@H@DJ` >,@$N@*4<@ $J*,H B@>4<"H\ & >"*:,0"V,< 8@>H,8FH, 4 >, H@:8@&"H\ H"84< @$D"2@<, RH@$Z ^H@ <@(:@ B@*@D&"H\ J&"0,>4, 8 R,:@&,R,F8@6 :4R>@FH4, *,:,("P4b '@>*JD"F" FR4H",H, RH@ ^H4 H,D<4>Z <@(JH B@>4<"H\Fb :4T\ & F@@H&,HFH&44 F >"P4@>":\>Z< 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&@< '@>*JD"F".
="8@>,P, <Z H"80, 2"b&:b,<, RH@ F B@>bH4b<4 "F@FH"& 4 FHDJ8HJD" F,<\4", "H4BZ F,<,6", "D"2:4R>Z, H4BZ F,<,6", "BD@R4, F@`2Z" 4 FN@*>Z<4 F >4<4 B@>bH4b<4 <@0>@ F@(:"F4H\Fb :4T\ BD4 H@< B@>4<">44, RH@ & '@>*JD"F, @>4 >48@(*" >, $J*JH @2>"R"H\ F@`2Z :`*,6 @*>@(@ B@:".
- 128 -
11.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ 3@D*">44 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
% N@*, F&@4N @$FJ0*,>46 4 *4F8JFF46 F@ &F,<4 *,:,("P4b<4, 4FB@:\2Jb @R,>\ F,D\,2>Z6 4 @H&,HFH&,>>Z6 B@*N@*, *,:,("P4b 3@D*">44 &F,(*" N@H,:" BD4F@,*4>4H\Fb 8 8@>F,>FJFJ & @H>@T,>44 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46. %ZF@8@ @P,>4&"b @(D@<>Z, JF4:4b,
BD4:@0,>>Z, ':"&>Z< 8@<4H,H@< 4 D"$@R4<4 (DJBB"<4, 8@H@DZ, 2"HD"H4:4 @R,>\ <>@(@ &D,<,>4, F H,< RH@$Z @$,FB,R4H\ 8@>F,>FJF & @H>@T,>44 L@D<J:4D@&@8, 4 B@:>@FH\` J&"0"b <@D":\>Z, P,>>@FH4, BD4>bHZ, &@ &F,N FHD">"N, *,:,("P4b 3@D*">44
& H@6 4:4 4>@6 <,D, *@FH4(:" 8@<BD@<4FF" & @H>@T,>44 L@D<J:4D@&@8 B@ &F,< &@BD@F"<.
;Z J&,D,>Z, RH@ <,0*J>"D@*>@, F@@$V,FH&@ J&"0",H >"T, >"P4@>":\>@, 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&@, >"T4 D,:4(4@2>Z, J$,0*,>4b 4 FJ&,D,>>@, BD"&@ 8"0*@6 FHD">Z BD@&@*4H\ *,<@(D"L4R,F8J` B@:4H48J & F@@H&,HFH&44 F ,, 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&@<. ),:,("P4b 3@D*">44 B@>4<",H, RH@ @8@>R"H,:\>Z6 *@8J<,>H, & R"FH>@FH4 (:"&Z IV, V, VI 4 VII, $J*,H BD4<,>bH\Fb F JR,H@< 4F:"<F8@(@ T"D4"H" 4 >"T4N ^H4R,F84N P,>>@FH,6, " H"80, 2"8@>@&,
D,(J:4DJ`V4N >"T, B@&,*,>4,. E@@H&,HFH&J`V4< @$D"2@< <Z $J*,< 4FH@:8@&Z&"H\ BJ>8HZ ^H@(@ *@8J<,>H". A@^H@<J & >"T,< B@>4<">44 F:@&" "@H*,:\>Z, :4P"" @2>"R"`H B"DZ 4:4 FJBDJ0,F8J` B"DJ. a >"*,`F\, RH@ ^H4 2"<,R">4b $J*JH 2">,F,>Z & @HR,H @ 2"F,*">44.
12.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ 7J&,6H" 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
),:,("P4b 7J&,6H" N@H,:" $Z 2"b&4H\ @ F&@,6 B@**,D08, AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46,
&8:`R"b &F, ,, 8@>FHDJ8H4&>Z, <@<,>HZ, @H&,R"`V4, 4>H,D,F"< R,:@&,R,FH&". % H@ 0, &D,<b >"< N@H,:@F\ $Z @L4P4":\>@ 2"b&4H\ @ H@<, RH@ <Z <@0,< &2bH\ >" F,$b @$b2"H,:\FH&" B@ *@FH40,>4` 8"84N-:4$@ P,:,6 4:4 BD@&,*,>4` 8@>8D,H>@6 *,<@(D"L4R,F8@6 B@:4H484 :4T\ & H@< F:JR",, ,F:4 @>4 >, $J*JH BD@H4&@D,R4H\ 4F:"<F8@<J T"D4"HJ 4:4 @$ZR"b< 4:4 HD"*4P4b< 8J&,6HF8@(@ @$V,FH&" 4 7@>FH4HJP44 '@FJ*"DFH&".
13.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ 94&46F8@6 !D"$F8@6 )0"<"N4D44 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
),:,("P4b 94&46F8@6 !D"$F8@6 )0"<"N4D44 N@H,:" $Z &ZF8"2"H\ @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 &F,N F@*,D0"V4NFb & *@8J<,>H, L@D<J:4D@&@8, 8@H@DZ, BD@H4&@D,R"H 4F:"<F8@<J T"D4"HJ,
H"84N, 8"8 L@D<J:4D@&84 & BJ>8H, 4.17 4 (:"&, II *@8J<,>H", 8"F"`V4,Fb BD"&" >"F:,*@&">4b 4 &>,$D"R>ZN B@:@&ZN F&b2,6, 4 & @H>@T,>44 FFZ:@8 >" F,8FJ":\>@, B@&,*,>4,, B@*@$>ZN F@*,D0"V4<Fb & BJ>8H, 8.31.
=,F<@HDb >" F@FH@b&T4,Fb & ':"&>@< 8@<4H,H, @$FJ0*,>4b B@ &@BD@FJ @$ @F>@&>ZN BD"&"N B"D 4 @H*,:\>ZN :4P, <>, N@H,:@F\ $Z &ZF8"2"H\ @(@&@D8J. ;Z &ZF8"2Z&",< @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 F:@& "@H*,:\>Z, :4P"".
)0"<"N4D4b 8"8 R"FH\ "D"$F8@6 P4&4:42"P44 &>@&\ 2"b&:b,H @ &"0>@FH4 *4":@(" <,0*J BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 &F,N D,:4(46, 8J:\HJD 4 >"D@*@& *:b *@FH40,>4b &F,@$V,(@ <4D". %<,FH, F
H,< >48"8"b FHD">" 4 >48"8"b 8J:\HJD" >, &BD"&, >"&b2Z&"H\ *DJ(4< >"D@*"< F&@4 B@:4H4R,F84,, ^8@>@<4R,F84, 4 F@P4":\>Z, &2(:b*Z.
;>, H"80, N@H,:@F\ $Z &ZF8"2"H\ @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 F:@& ">,0,:",<"b $,D,<,>>@FH\" & BJ>8H, 8.25, B@F8@:\8J, F@(:"F>@ 7@>FH4HJP44 >"T,(@ '@FJ*"DFH&", "$@DHZ D"2D,T,>Z :4T\ & H@< F:JR",, ,F:4 &@2>48",H J(D@2" *:b 2*@D@&\b <"H,D4.
14. AD,*FH"&4H,:\ =48"D"(J" 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
- 129 -
% F@@H&,HFH&44 F BD"&4:@< 33 BD"&4: BD@P,*JDZ >"T,6 7@>L,D,>P44 *,:,("P4b =48"D"(J" B@**,D04&",H @$V46 8@>F,>FJF, *@FH4(>JHZ6 & @H>@T,>44 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46.
=,F<@HDb >" ^H@, & F@@H&,HFH&44 F BD"&4:@< 38 BD"&4: BD@P,*JDZ, <Z N@H,:4 $Z BD,*FH"&4H\ & B4F\<,>>@< &4*, F:,*J`V4, @(@&@D84. ;Z N@H,:4 $Z BD@F4H\ B@:>@FH\` @HD"24H\ ^H4 @(@&@D84 & @8@>R"H,:\>@< *@8:"*, 7@>L,D,>P44.
AD"&4H,:\FH&@ =48"D"(J", *,6FH&Jb & F@@H&,HFH&44 F 7@>FH4HJP4,6 4 2"8@>"<4 F&@,6 FHD">Z 4 8"8 FH@D@>", B@*B4F"&T"b !<,D48">F8J` 8@>&,>P4` B@ BD"&"< R,:@&,8",
B@*H&,D0*",H, RH@ 8"0*Z6 R,:@&,8 4<,,H BD"&@ >" 042>\ 4 ^H@ BD"&@ b&:b,HFb @F>@&@B@:"("`V4< 4 >,@HX,<:,<Z< 4 &@2>48",H F <@<,>H" 2"R"H4b.
A@^H@<J, &@-B,D&ZN, <Z F@(:"F>Z F H,<, RH@ H4BZ F,<\4 <@(JH $ZH\ D"2>@@$D"2>Z<4, @*>"8@ ,, FJV>@FH\ >4 & 8@,< F:JR", >, <@0,H $ZH\ 42<,>,>". +, FJV>@FH\ - ^H@ F@`2 <,0*J <J0R4>@6 4 0,>V4>@6, >" @F>@&, 8@H@D@(@ BD@*@:0",HFb R,:@&,R,F846 D@*.
%@-&H@DZN, <Z F@(:"F>Z F 8@>P,BP4b<4 "B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4", "F,8FJ":\>@(@ 2*@D@&\b", "D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b", "D,BD@*J8H4&>ZN BD"&" 4 "F,8FJ":\>ZN BD"&", >@ >,*&JF<ZF:,>>@ &ZF8"2Z&",< @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 ^H4N 4 :`$ZN *DJ(4N 8@>P,BP46, ,F:4 & 8"R,FH&, @*>@(@ 42 8@<B@>,>H@& @>4 BD,*JF<"HD4&"`H ""$@DH" 4:4 "BD,DZ&">4, $,D,<,>>@FH4". !$@DH 4 BD,DZ&">4, $,D,<,>>@FH4 >4 BD4 8"84N @$FH@bH,:\FH&"N >,:\2b
D"FF<"HD4&"H\ 8"8 <,H@* D,(J:4D@&">4b D@0*",<@FH4 4:4 FD,*FH&@ D,(J:4D@&">4b R4F:,>>@FH4
>"F,:,>4b.
%-HD,H\4N, <Z H"80, >,*&JF<ZF:,>>@ &ZF8"2Z&",< @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 B@>bH46
"B"D"" 4:4 "F@`2Z", 8@(*" @>4 @H>@FbHFb 8 :4P"< @*>@(@ 4 H@(@ 0, B@:".
%-R,H&,DHZN, & F@@H&,HFH&44 F >"T,6 7@>FH4HJP4,6 <,*4P4>F84, "$@DHZ & =48"D"(J" D"2D,T"`HFb H@:\8@ & F:JR", J(D@2Z 2*@D@&\`. A@^H@<J <Z >,*&JF<ZF:,>>@ &ZF8"2Z&",< @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 F:@& ""$@DH" 4 "BD,DZ&">4, $,D,<,>>@FH4" & :`$@6 R"FH4 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 >"T,6 7@>L,D,>P44.
15.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ A"D"(&"b 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
% F@@H&,HFH&44 F &&@*>@6 R"FH\` (:"&Z II AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 *,:,("P4b A"D"(&"b N@H,:" $Z &ZF8"2"H\ F:,*J`V4, @(@&@D84.
QH@ 8"F",HFb BJ>8H" 7.2 (:"&Z VII, H@ BD"&@ >" 042>\ b&:b,HFb >,@HX,<:,<Z< BD"&@< 8"0*@(@ R,:@&,8" F <@<,>H" 2"R"H4b *@ <@<,>H" ,FH,FH&,>>@6 F<,DH4. ]H@ BD,*JF<@HD,>@ & FH"H\, 4 7@>FH4HJP44 >"T,6 FHD">Z. A@^H@<J A"D"(&"6 *@BJF8",H &F, L@D<Z B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4, 8@H@DZ, @$,FB,R4&"`H B@:>@, J&"0,>4, BD"&" >" 042>\, 8"8 ^H@ BD,*JF<@HD,>@ & >"T,6 >"P4@>":\>@6 7@>FH4HJP44, 4 8"8 BD@b&:,>4, @H&,HFH&,>>@(@ @H>@T,>4b 8 D@*4H,:\F84< @$b2">>@FHb<.
%8:`R,>4, B@>bH4b "BD,DZ&">4, $,D,<,>>@FH4" & 8@>P,BP4` D,(J:4D@&">4b D@0*",<@FH4 & D"<8"N D"$@R,(@ @BD,*,:,>4b, BD,*:@0,>>@(@ %F,<4D>@6 @D(">42"P4,6 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b 4 4FB@:\2@&"&T,(@Fb & N@*, >"T,6 7@>L,D,>P44, *,:",H ^HJ 8@>P,BP4` B@:>@FH\` >,BD4,<:,<@6 *:b >"T,6 FHD">Z. ="< N@H,:@F\ $Z J8"2"H\ >" H@, RH@ &
7@>FH4HJP44 A"D"(&"b BD42>",HFb >,@$N@*4<@FH\ @$,FB,R,>4b @ND">Z D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b >"F,:,>4b 8"8 @*>@(@ 42 BJH,6 B@&ZT,>4b 8"R,FH&" 042>4 F,<\4.
QH@ 8"F",HFb BD4>P4B" 9 & (:"&, II 4 BJ>8H" 5.1 (:"&Z V, H@, F@(:"F>@
7@>FH4HJP44 >"T,6 FHD">Z, F,<\b b&:b,HFb @F>@&>@6 bR,68@6 @$V,FH&" 4 @F>@&">" >" F@`2,
- 130 -
B"DZ - <J0R4>Z 4 0,>V4>Z. % 7@>FH4HJP44 H"80, BD42>"`HFb >,B@:>Z, F,<\4. G@:\8@ BD4 H"8@< H@:8@&">44 H,D<4>" "D"2:4R>Z, H4BZ F,<\4" <Z <@0,< @$,FB,R4H\ J&"0,>4, D"2:4R>ZN 8J:\HJD, HD"*4P46 4 D,:4(46.
="< N@H,:@F\ $Z BD@F4H\ @HD"24H\ >"FH@bV,, 2"b&:,>4, F @(@&@D8"<4 & @8@>R"H,:\>@< *@8:"*, 7@>L,D,>P44.
16.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ K4:4BB4> 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
),:,("P4b K4:4BB4> N@H,:" $Z @L4P4":\>@ 2"b&4H\ @ F&@,< F@0":,>44 & F&b24 F H,<,
RH@ & BJ>8H, 10.12 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 B,D&@>"R":\>@ BD,*:@0,>>"b L@D<J:4D@&8",
8"F"`V"bFb BD42>">4b "BD"&" >" &@FF@,*4>,>4, F,<,6", $Z:" F<b(R,>", 4 H,B,D\ D,R\ 4*,H &F,(@ :4T\ @ BD42>">44 "042>,>>@ &"0>@(@ 2>"R,>4b &@FF@,*4>,>4b F,<,6". % *JN, 8@<BD@<4FF" <Z F@(:"F4:4F\ F B,D,F<@HD,>>@6 L@D<J:4D@&8@6, & 8@H@D@6 JRH,> &Z*&4>JHZ6 *DJ(4<4 *,:,("P4b<4 *@&@* @ H@<, RH@ H"8@, BD"&@ >, BD@&@2(:"T",HFb >4 & @*>@6 42 D">,,
BD4>bHZN <,0*J>"D@*>ZN 8@>&,>P46 4:4 *,8:"D"P46 4 RH@ >Z>,T>bb 7@>L,D,>P4b >, JB@:>@<@R,>" JFH">"&:4&"H\ ^H@ BD"&@. A@ ^H@6 4 *DJ(4< @$@F>@&">>Z< BD4R4>"< <Z N@H,:4 $Z B@&H@D4H\ D,8@<,>*"P4`, &Z>,F,>>J` & ':"&>@< 8@<4H,H,, B@**,D0">>J` <>@(4<4 *,:,("P4b<4 4 B@24H4&>@ &@FBD4>bHJ` AD,*F,*"H,:,<, @ F@2Z&, & $:40"6T,< $J*JV,< ;,0*J>"D@*>@6 8@>L,D,>P44 B@ BD@$:,<"< <4(D"P44. ;Z J&,D,>Z, RH@ ^H"
D,8@<,>*"P4b >"6*,H @HD"0,>4, & *@8:"*, >"T,6 7@>L,D,>P44 4 $J*,H @L4P4":\>@ *@&,*,>" *@ F&,*,>4b ]8@>@<4R,F8@(@ 4 E@P4":\>@(@ E@&,H" 4 ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,4 *:b >"*:,0"V,(@ D"FF<@HD,>4b.
17.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ E4D46F8@6 !D"$F8@6 C,FBJ$:484 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
;>, N@H,:@F\ $Z @L4P4":\>@ 2"b&4H\ @ H@<, RH@ E4D46F8"b !D"$F8"b C,FBJ$:48" $J*,H D"FF<"HD4&"H\ 4 H@:8@&"H\ 8@>P,BP44, F@*,D0"V4,Fb & AD@(D"<<, *,6FH&46, F@(:"F>@ B@:@0,>4b< (:"&Z II 4 & B@:>@< F@@H&,HFH&44 F ^H4R,F84<4, 8J:\HJD>Z<4 4 D,:4(4@2>Z<4 8@>P,BP4b<4 4 J$,0*,>4b<4 >"T,(@ @$V,FH&" *:b 2"V4HZ 4>H,D,F@& F,<\4, b&:b`V,6Fb @F>@&>@6 bR,68@6 @$V,FH&", 4 *:b B@&ZT,>4b JD@&>b $:"(@F@FH@b>4b >"F,:,>4b.
18.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ ?$X,*4>,>>ZN !D"$F84N ]<4D"H@& 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
),:,("P4b ?$X,*4>,>>ZN !D"$F84N ]<4D"H@& BD4*",H $@:\T@, 2>"R,>4, 2"V4H, BD"& R,:@&,8", B@&ZT,>4` D@:4 F,<\4, F@*,6FH&4` B@&ZT,>4` JD@&>b $:"(@F@FH@b>4b >"F,:,>4b 4 D"FT4D,>4` ,(@ JR"FH4b & 042>4 (@FJ*"DFH&" 4 & <,0*J>"D@*>@6 042>4. ;Z H"80, FR4H",<, RH@ R,:@&,8 b&:b,HFb P,>HD":\>Z< FJ$X,8H@< 4 (:"&>@6 *&40JV,6 F4:@6 BD@P,FF" JFH@6R4&@(@ D"2&4H4b. ;Z >, D"FF<"HD4&",< "$@DH & 8"R,FH&, @*>@(@ 42 FD,*FH& B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4, " & &@BD@F"N, 8"F"`V4NFb BD"& >"F:,*@&">4b, <Z BD4&,D0,>Z BD4>P4B"< 4F:"<F8@(@ 2"8@>".
="< N@H,:@F\ $Z &ZF8"2"H\ @(@&@D84 & @H>@T,>44 &F,(@, RH@ BD@H4&@D,R4H BD4>P4B"< 4 2"B@&,*b< >"T,6 D,:4(44 4F:"<", BD@B@&,*J`V,6 H,DB4<@FH\, 4 >"T4< 2"8@>"<. ;Z
N@H,:4 $Z BD@F4H\ F,8D,H"D4"H 7@>L,D,>P44 2"L48F4D@&"H\ & @HR,H, @ 2"F,*">44 &ZD"0,>>J` >"<4 B@24P4` >"Db*J F @(@&@D8"<4 & @H>@T,>44 4H@(@&@(@ *@8J<,>H", 8@H@DZ, $Z:4 F*,:">Z *DJ(4<4 (@FJ*"DFH&"<4.
19.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ 5,<,>" 2"b&4: F:,*J`V,,:
),:,("P4b 5,<,>" FR4H",H, RH@ & (:"&, VII F@*,D0"HFb @H*,:\>Z, L@D<J:4D@&84,
8@H@DZ, BD@H4&@D,R"H 4F:"<F8@<J T"D4"HJ. A@^H@<J 5,<,> &ZF8"2Z&",H @(@&@D84 & @H>@T,>44 &F,N H,D<4>@& 4 &F,N L@D<J:4D@&@8, 8@H@DZ, BD@H4&@D,R"H 4F:"<F8@<J T"D4"HJ.
- 131 -
QH@ 8"F",HFb (:"&Z VIII, H@ <Z &Z>J0*,>Z F*,:"H\ @H*,:\>Z, 2"<,R">4b, & R"FH>@FH4 & F&b24 F BJ>8H@< 8.24. K"8H4R,F84 <Z N@H,:4 @BJFH4H\ F:@&" "B@:@&"b "8H4&>@FH\", 4 ,F:4 ^H4 F:@&" >, <@(JH $ZH\ @BJV,>Z, H@ <Z N@H,:4 $Z &ZF8"2"H\ @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 4N. ;Z FR4H",<, RH@ @BD,*,:,>4, & BJ>8H, 8.25, 8"F"`V,,Fb
""$@DH@&, BD@42&@*4<ZN & >,"*,8&"H>ZN JF:@&4bN", >,B@>bH>@ 4 >, F@@H&,HFH&J,H >"T4< D,:4(4@2>Z< J$,0*,>4b<. % 4F:"<F8@< T"D4"H, F@*,D0"HFb @H*,:\>Z, R,H84, B@:@0,>4b & @H>@T,>44 "$@DH@& 4 H,N F:JR",&, 8@(*" @>4 *@:0>Z BD@42&@*4H\Fb. ;Z &@2D"0",< BD@H4& 4FB@:\2@&">4b &ZD"0,>4b ""$@DH, BD@42&@*4<Z6 & >,"*,8&"H>ZN JF:@&4bN". ="< N@H,:@F\ $Z &ZF8"2"H\ @(@&@D84 & @H>@T,>44 BJ>8H" 8.35, 8"F"`V,(@Fb "@H&,HFH&,>>@(@ F,8FJ":\>@(@ B@&,*,>4b".
AD,*FH"&:,>>Z, B4F\<,>>Z, 2"b&:,>4b & @H>@T,>44 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46
20.AD4&,*,>>Z, >40, B4F\<,>>Z, 2"b&:,>4b $Z:4 BD,*FH"&:,>Z F,8D,H"D4"HJ 7@>L,D,>P44 *:b &8:`R,>4b & *@8:"* 7@>L,D,>P44.
21.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ !D(,>H4>Z BD,*FH"&4: F:,*J`V,, B4F\<,>>@, 2"b&:,>4,:
% F@@H&,HFH&44 F BD"&4:@< 33 BD"&4: BD@P,*JDZ 7@>L,D,>P44 (!/CONF.171/2)
!D(,>H4>F8"b C,FBJ$:48" B@**,D04&",H @$V46 8@>F,>FJF, *@FH4(>JHZ6 & D"<8"N AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46.
G,< >, <,>,, <Z FR4H",< >,@$N@*4<Z< BD,*FH"&4H\ & B4F\<,>>@< &4*, & F@@H&,HFH&44
F BD"&4:@< 38 BD"&4: BD@P,*JDZ F:,*J`V,, 2"b&:,>4,, F@*,D0"V,, @(@&@D8J, F BD@F\$@6 &8:`R4H\ ,(@ & @8@>R"H,:\>Z6 H,8FH *@8:"*" 7@>L,D,>P44.
':"&" II (AD4>P4BZ)
AD4>P4B 1
!D(,>H4>F8"b C,FBJ$:48" @*@$Db,H BD4>P4B 1, JR4HZ&"b, RH@ 042>\ R,:@&,8" >"R4>",HFb F <@<,>H" 2"R"H4b 4 RH@ F ^H@(@ <@<,>H" 8"0*Z6 R,:@&,8, @$:"*"`V46 F&@,6 J>48":\>@6 4 >,B@&H@D4<@6 F"<@$ZH>@FH\`, B@:\2J,HFb BD"&@< >" 042>\, 8@H@D@, b&:b,HFb @F>@&@6 *:b &F,N *DJ(4N @H*,:\>ZN BD"&.
':"&" V (E,<\b: LJ>8P44, BD"&", F@FH"& 4 FHDJ8HJD")
AJ>8H 5.1
!D(,>H4>F8"b C,FBJ$:48" @*@$Db,H BJ>8H 5.1, JR4HZ&"b, RH@, N@Hb H4BZ F,<\4 <@(JH $ZH\ D"2>Z<4, >4 & 8@,< F:JR", >,:\2b 42<,>bH\ ,, N"D"8H,D 4 @F>@&J, " 4<,>>@ F@`2 <,0*J <J0R4>@6 4 0,>V4>@6, & D,2J:\H"H, 8@H@D@(@ D@0*"`HFb *,H4.
':"&" VII (C,BD@*J8H4&>Z, BD"&" 4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@, 2*@D@&\,)
AJ>8H 7.2
!D(,>H4>F8"b C,FBJ$:48" >, <@0,H F@(:"F4H\Fb F H,<, RH@ & 8@>P,BP4` D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b &8:`R",HFb B@>bH4, "$@DH" 8"8 & &4*, <,*4P4>F8@6 JF:J(4, H"8 4 & &4*, <,H@*" D,(J:4D@&">4b D@0*",<@FH4.
="FH@bV"b @(@&@D8", & @F>@&, 8@H@D@6 :,04H &F,@$V46 N"D"8H,D BD"&" >" 042>\,
D"FBD@FHD">b,HFb >" &F, JB@<4>">4b, 8"F"`V4,Fb ^H@(@ B@>bH4b.
- 132 -
22.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ )04$JH4 BD,*FH"&4: F:,*J`V,, B4F\<,>>@, 2"b&:,>4,:
),:,("P4b C,FBJ$:484 )04$JH4 4<,,H R,FH\ *@&,FH4 *@ %"T,(@ F&,*,>4b F&@, 0,:">4, &ZF8"2"H\ 8@>8D,H>Z, @(@&@D84 & @H>@T,>44 &F,N B@:@0,>46, F@*,D0"V4NFb & BJ>8H"N AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 ;,0*J>"D@*>@6 8@>L,D,>P44 B@ >"D@*@>"F,:,>4` 4 D"2&4H4`, 8@H@DZ, BD@H4&@D,R"H BD4>P4B"< 4F:"<", " H"80, 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&J, 2"8@>"< 4 8J:\HJD>Z< HD"*4P4b< C,FBJ$:484 )04$JH4.
),:,("P4b )04$JH4 BD@F4H BD4>bH\ 8 F&,*,>4` ,, @(@&@D84.
23.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ )@<4>48">F8@6 C,FBJ$:484 BD,*FH"&4: F:,*J`V,, B4F\<,>>@, 2"b&:,>4,:
% F@@H&,HFH&44 F BD"&4:@< 33 BD"&4: BD@P,*JDZ 7@>L,D,>P44 (!/CONF.171/2)
)@<4>48">F8"b C,FBJ$:48" B@**,D04&",H @$V46 8@>F,>FJF, *@FH4(>JHZ6 & D"<8"N AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46. G,< >, <,>,, & F@@H&,HFH&44 F@ F&@,6 8@>FH4HJP4,6 4 F&@4< 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&@<, "
H"80, & F&@,< 8"R,FH&, JR"FH>48" !<,D48">F8@6 8@>&,>P44 B@ BD"&"< R,:@&,8" >,*&JF<ZF:,>>@ 2"b&:b,H, RH@ 8"0*Z6 R,:@&,8 4<,,H BD"&@ >" 042>\ 8"8 @F>@&@B@:"("`V,, 4 >,@HX,<:,<@, BD"&@ 4 RH@ BD"&@ >" 042>\ >"R4>",HFb F <@<,>H" 2"R"H4b.
% ^H@6 F&b24 )@<4>48">F8"b C,FBJ$:48" F@(:"T",HFb F@ F<ZF:@< H,D<4>@&
"D,BD@*J8H4&>@, 2*@D@&\,", "F,8FJ":\>@, 2*@D@&\,", "$,2@B"F>@, <"H,D4>FH&@", "D,BD@*J8H4&>Z, BD"&"", "F,8FJ":\>Z, BD"&"" 4 "D,(J:4D@&">4, D@0*",<@FH4", *,:"b BD4 ^H@< 8@>8D,H>J` @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 F@*,D0">4b J8"2">>ZN H,D<4>@&, " H"80, *DJ(4N H,D<4>@& & H,N F:JR"bN, 8@(*" & >4N & 8"R,FH&, @*>@(@ 42 8@<B@>,>H@& L4(JD4DJ,H B@>bH4, "$@DH" 4:4 BD,8D"V,>4b $,D,<,>>@FH4.
G"80, <Z *,:",< 8@>8D,H>J` @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 H,D<4>" "FJBDJ0,F8"b B"D"",
8@(*" ^H@H H,D<4> F@*,D04H FFZ:8J >" :4P @*>@(@ B@:" 4:4 8@(*" D,R\ 4*,H @$ @H*,:\>ZN D,BD@*J8H4&>ZN BD"&"N &>, 8@>H,8FH" $D"8" 4 F,<\4.
7D@<, H@(@, *">>Z, @(@&@D84 BD4<,>b`HFb 8@ &F,< D,(4@>":\>Z< 4 <,0*J>"D@*>Z< F@(:"T,>4b<, & 8@H@DZN F@*,D0"HFb FFZ:84 >" JB@<b>JHZ, &ZT, 8@>P,BP44.
':"&Z V 4 |
X |
|
AD"&4H,:\FH&@ )@<4>48">F8@6 C,FBJ$:484 |
N@H,:@ $Z @H<,H4H\ & *">>@< 2"b&:,>44, RH@ |
|
& N@*, D"$@HZ >"FH@bV,6 7@>L,D,>P44 & P,:@< |
4 |
& R"FH>@FH4 & N@*, D"$@HZ >"* (:"&"<4 V |
4 M &@ <>@(4N F:JR"bN &@2>48":4 HDJ*>@FH4 F *@FH40,>4,< 8@>F,>FJF" B@ BD4R4>, @HFJHFH&4b <,0*J>"D@*>ZN *@8J<,>H@&, & 8@H@DZN $Z:@ $Z 2"8D,B:,>@ BD"&@ >" F@2*">4, F,<\4.
?F@2>"&"b, RH@ J8D,B:,>4, F@`2" 4 F@2*">4, F,<\4 b&:b`HFb @*>4< 42 ,FH,FH&,>>ZN ^:,<,>H@& D"2&4H4b, <Z FHD,<4<Fb 8 @$,FB,R,>4` JFH@6R4&@(@ 8@<B:,8F>@(@ D"2&4H4b >"T4N @$V4> 4 BD,*:"(",<, RH@$Z &@BD@F @ BD"&, >" F@2*">4, F,<\4 $Z: D"FF<@HD,> & &@2<@0>@
8D"HR"6T4, FD@84 >" @*>@< 42 L@DJ<@& ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 F P,:\` ,(@ BD42>">4b.
% F@@H&,HFH&44 F BD"&4:@< 38 &ZT,JB@<b>JHZN BD"&4: BD@F4< &8:`R4H\ *">>J` @(@&@D8J & B@:>@< &4*, & 2"8:`R4H,:\>Z6 *@8:"* >"FH@bV,6 7@>L,D,>P44.
24.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ ]8&"*@D" BD,*FH"&4: F:,*J`V,, B4F\<,>>@, 2"b&:,>4,:
-133 -
% F@@H&,HFH&44 F B@:@0,>4b<4 BD"&4:" 33 BD"&4: BD@P,*JDZ 7@>L,D,>P44 (A/CONF.171/2) BD"&4H,:\FH&@ ]8&"*@D" B@**,D04&",H @$V46 8@>F,>FJF, *@FH4(>JHZ6 & D"<8"N AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46.
G,< >, <,>,, & F@@H&,HFH&44 F BD"&4:@< 38 &ZT,JB@<b>JHZN BD"&4: BD@P,*JDZ <Z
BD,*FH"&:b,< F:,*J`V4, @(@&@D84 F P,:\` 4N &8:`R,>4b & 2"8:`R4H,:\>Z6 *@8:"* >"FH@bV,6 7@>L,D,>P44.
?(@&@D8"
% F&b24 F AD@(D"<<@6 *,6FH&46 ;,0*J>"D@*>@6 8@>L,D,>P44 B@ >"D@*@>"F,:,>4` 4 D"2&4H4`, F@FH@b&T,6Fb & (@D@*, 7"4D,, 4 & F@@H&,HFH&44 F B@:@0,>4b<4 8@>FH4HJP44,
2"8@>"<4 4 >@D<"<4 <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ BD"&" *,:,("P4b ]8&"*@D" B@**,D04&",H, & R"FH>@FH4,
F:,*J`V4, BD4>P4BZ, &@B:@V,>>Z, & 8@>FH4HJP44 FHD">Z: >,BD48@F>@&,>>@FH\ BD"&" >" 042>\, 2"V4H" D,$,>8" F <@<,>H" ,(@ 2"R"H4b, F&@$@*" F@&,FH4 4 &,D@4FB@&,*">4b, 2"V4H" F,<\4 & 8"R,FH&, @F>@&>@6 bR,684 @$V,FH&", @H&,HFH&,>>@, <"H,D4>FH&@ 4 @HP@&FH&@, BD"&@ D@*4H,:,6 >" @$JR,>4, F&@4N *,H,6, D"2D"$@H8" B:">@& & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b BD"&4H,:\FH&@< FHD">Z & F@@H&,HFH&44 F BD4>P4B"<4 J&"0,>4b FJ&,D,>4H,H" 4 H.*.
% ^H@6 F&b24 *,:,("P4b ]8&"*@D" *,:",H @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 &F,N F:,*J`V4N &ZD"0,>46: "D,(J:4D@&">4, D@0*",<@FH4 4:4 L,DH4:\>@FH4", "BD,8D"V,>4, $,D,<,>>@FH4", "D,BD@*J8H4&>@, 2*@D@&\,", "D,BD@*J8H4&>Z, BD"&"" 4 ">,0,:",<Z, D@0*,>4b", 8@H@DZ, & H@6 4:4 >@6 L@D<, <@(JH & 8@>H,8FH, AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 B@*D"2J<,&"H\ "$@DH.
7D@<, H@(@, <Z *,:",< @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 >,8@H@DZN 8@>P,BP46, 8"F"`V4NFb N"D"8H,D" F,<\4, 4 *DJ(4N 8@>P,BP46, 8@H@DZ, <@(:4 $Z 4*H4 &D"2D,2 F BD4>P4B"<4 8@>FH4HJP44 ]8&"*@D".
AD"&4H,:\FH&@ ]8&"*@D" (@H@&@ F@*,6FH&@&"H\ &F,< JF4:4b<, >"BD"&:,>>Z< >" @$,FB,R,>4, @$V,(@ $:"(@F@FH@b>4b, 4 & H@ 0, &D,<b >, D"2*,:b,H 4 >, B@**,D04&",H H, BD4>P4BZ, 8@H@DZ, 2"HD"(4&"`H ,(@ FJ&,D,>4H,H, 8@>FH4HJP4` 4 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&@.
25.AD,*FH"&4H,:\ +(4BH" BD,*FH"&4: F:,*J`V,, B4F\<,>>@, 2"b&:,>4,:
;Z N@H,:4 $Z @H<,H4H\, RH@ *,:,("P4b +(4BH" BD4>"*:,04H 8 R4F:J H,N *,:,("P46,
8@H@DZ, &ZF8"2":4 <>@(@R4F:,>>Z, 2"<,R">4b @H>@F4H,:\>@ F@*,D0">4b AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 & F&b24 F &ZD"0,>4,< "FJBDJ0,F84, B"DZ 4 @H*,:\>Z, :4P"".
?F@2>"&"b, RH@ ^H@ &ZD"0,>4, $Z:@ @*@$D,>@ 8@>F,>FJF@< >" *&JN BD,*Z*JV4N 8@>L,D,>P4bN B@ >"D@*@>"F,:,>4` & 1974 4 1984 (@*"N, >"T" *,:,("P4b BD@F4:" 4F8:`R4H\ H,D<4> "@H*,:\>Z, :4P"", B@F8@:\8J <Z &F,(*" FR4H":4, RH@ &F, &@BD@FZ *">>@(@ N"D"8H,D", D"FF<"HD4&",<Z, & AD@(D"<<, *,6FH&46, 8"F"`HFb ("D<@>4R>ZN @H>@T,>46 <,0*J FJBDJ0,F84<4 B"D"<4, F@,*4>,>>Z<4 J2"<4 $D"8" & 8@>H,8FH, 8@>P,BP44 F,<\4 8"8 @F>@&>@6 bR,684 @$V,FH&".
;Z N@H,:4 $Z, RH@$Z & *@8:"*, 7@>L,D,>P44 $Z:" @HD"0,>" &ZT,JB@<b>JH"b
@(@&@D8".
26.AD"&4H,:\FH&@ '&"H,<":Z BD,*FH"&4:@ F:,*J`V,, B4F\<,>>@, 2"b&:,>4,:
),:,("P4b '&"H,<":Z N@H,:" $Z &ZD"24H\ F&@` BD42>"H,:\>@FH\ >"D@*J 4 BD"&4H,:\FH&J +(4BH", " H"80, @D(">42"H@D"< ^H@6 7@>L,D,>P44 2" @8"2">>@, (@FH,BD44<FH&@ 4 &>4<">4,,
8@H@DZ, B@2&@:4:4 >"< 2"&,DT4H\ >"T, @$FJ0*,>4, &@BD@F" @ BD"&, >" 042>\ 4 @ $J*JV,<
- 134 -