- •Рецензенты:
- •Рекомендует к печати
- •What is a computer?
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •The use of computers
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Make up the pairs or groups of the words which are close in their meanings. Use the words given below.
- •3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •4. Put the sentences into Past Simple:
- •5. A) Give a title to the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: communication (1)
- •Computers in the different sphres of our life
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about computers in general.
- •5. Make a short report “The Use of Computers”.
- •Some facts from the history of computers
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask alternative questions to the following sentences:
- •The fastest computers of the world
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Form the new words from the verbs:
- •3. Translate the word-combinations with: a) Participle I and b) Participle II:
- •4. Revise Active and Passive Voice of the verb. Open the brackets and use the proper form of the verb:
- •5. A) Give a title to the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: communication (2)
- •From the history of computer development
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Put in the necessary words to the following sentences:
- •3. Make up the pairs of words that are close in their meaning:
- •4. Discuss with your partner some facts from the history of computers.
- •5. Make a short report “The History of Computers”.
- •Data processing and data processing systems
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Storage units
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Try to find in the text the words the meaning of which are close to the meaning of the following ones:
- •3. Divide the words into three groups – nouns, adjective, adverb – according to their suffixes. Translate the words, if necessary use the vocabulary:
- •4. Translate the sentences with Perfect Participle Active and Perfect Participle Passive:
- •5. A) Read the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: network development
- •Computer technology
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Make a short report “Storage Units of the Computers”.
- •A computer system
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask special questions to the following sentences:
- •Input-output environment
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Form nouns from the following verbs using suffixes:
- •3. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb:
- •4. Combine the words from the left part with their interpretations from the right part:
- •5. A) Give a title to the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below:
- •The elements of computer system
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and make up the sentences using them:
- •3. Say if the statements are true or false:
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about the elements of computer system.
- •What is hardware?
- •Input hardware.
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Scanners
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Form comparative and superlative degrees of the following adjectives:
- •3. Translate the following sentences with infinitives:
- •4. Translate the following word-combinations:
- •5. A) Translate the following text into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below:
- •Input devices
- •1. Look through the following words and then answer the following questions:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Discuss with your partner different types of hardware.
- •5. Make a short report “a Scanner”.
- •Computer operations
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Types of software
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Translate into English:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words:
- •4. Match the words and their definitions:
- •5. A) Translate the following text into Russian in writing: memory
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below:
- •Operating systems
- •1. Look through the following words and then put 10 questions to the text:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about the types of computer data.
- •Output devices. Printers
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Keyboard devices
- •1. Look through the following words and then put 10 questions to the text “Keyboard devices”:
- •2. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the underlined words:
- •3. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to their special formation:
- •4. A) Translate the following text into Russian in writing: magnetic media devices
- •5. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: higeness of the internet
- •6. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about output devices.
- •7. Make a short report “Keyboard Devices”.
- •A modem
- •1. Read and learn the following words;
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Put different types of questions to the following sentences:
- •Electronic mail
- •1. Learn the following words and make up as many sentences as you can using these words:
- •2. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •Internet rules of safety.
- •Internet child safety.
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text c:
- •2. Read the following texts containing information about Internet and make a report “What the Internet is”.
- •3. Read and translate the text “What is Internet Explorer?” Say what else you know about other Web browsers.
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about Internet rules of safety.
- •5. Make a short report “Modems and Electronic Mail”.
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •History of the computer
- •Generations of computer
- •History of data processing
- •Digital and analog computers
- •History of programming languages
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Computer components
- •Evolution in size
- •Microprocessor as a cpu
- •Bill gates
- •What is internet?
- •I. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.
- •Translating machines
- •What is steganography?
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Uses of the web
- •Computer-intagrated manufacturing
- •Computer graphics
- •Cryptography
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Computer viruses
- •What is a trojan horse and what threat does it pose?
- •Increase your knowledge of computer viruses
- •You cannot get virus from
- •Antivirus software
- •Preventing a virus
- •Word and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Computers in science
- •The future of computers
- •No worms in these apples
- •Supplementary reading
- •1. Look through the words to the text “computer literacy”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Computer literacy
- •1. Look through the words to the text “from the history of telephony”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. From the history of telephony
- •1. Look through the words to the text “the first calculating devices”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. The first calculating devices
- •1. Look through the words to the text “charles babbage”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Charles babbage
- •1. Look through the words to the text “development of electronics”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Development of electronics
- •1. Look through the words to the text “microelectronics and microminiaturization”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Microelectronics and microminiaturization
- •1. Look through the words to the text “advantages of computer data processing”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Advantages of computer data processing
- •1. Look through the words to the text “hardware, software, and firmware”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Hardware, software, and firmware
- •1. Look through the words to the text “from the history of computer development in russia”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. From the history of computer development in russia
- •1. Look through the words to the text “functional units of digital computers”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Functional units of digital computers
- •1. Look through the words to the text “storage devices”
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Storage devices
- •1. Look through the words to the text “management information technology (it)”
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Management information technology (it)
- •1. Look through the words to the text “storage devices”
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. One woman's experience as a global head of it a successful manager sees a wider role for women in the male-dominated world of it networks
- •English-russian dictionary
- •Contents
- •Учебное издание
- •Английский язык
- •010503.65 «Математическое обеспечение и администрирование информационных систем»; 080116.65 «Математические методы в экономике».
- •Подписано в печать Формат 60х84
- •410003, Саратов, ул. Радищева, 89. Сгсэу
2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Storage devices
Storage media are classified as primary storage or secondary storage on the basis of combinations of cost, capacity, and access time. The cost of storage devices is expressed as the cost per bit of data stored. The most common units of cost are cents, millicents (0.001 cents) and microcents (0.000001 cents). The time required for the computer to locate and transfer data to and from a storage medium is called the access time for that medium. Capacities range from a few hundred bytes of primary storage for very small computers to many billions of bytes of archival storage for very large computer systems.
Memories may be classified as electronic or electromechanical. Electronic memories have no moving mechanical parts, and data can be transferred into and out of them at very high speeds. Electromechanical memories depend upon moving mechanical parts for their operation, such as mechanisms for rotating magnetic tapes and disks. Their data access time is longer than is that of electronic memories; however they cost less per bit stored and have larger capacities for data storage. For these reasons most computer systems use electronic memory for primary storage and electromechanical memory for secondary storage.
Primary storage has the least capacity and is the most expensive; however, it has the fastest access time. The principal primary storage circuit elements are solid-state devices: magnetic cores and semiconductors. For many years magnetic cores were the principal elements used in digital computers for primary storage. The two principal types of semiconductors used for memory are bipolar and metal-oxide semiconductors (MOS). The former is faster, the latter is more commonly used at present. Because data can be accessed randomly, semiconductor memories are referred to as random-access memory, or RAM.
There is a wide range of secondary storage devices. Typical hardware devices are rotating electromechanical devices. Magnetic tapes, disks, and drums are the secondary storage hardware most often used in computer systems for sequential processing. Magnetic tape, which was invented by the Germans during World War II for sound recording, is the oldest secondary storage medium in common use. Data are recorded in the form of small magnetized "dots" that can be arranged to represent coded patterns of bits.
Tape devices range from large-capacity, high-data-rate units used with large data processing systems to cassettes and cartridges used with small systems. Magnetic disk storage, introduced in the early 1960s, has replaced magnetic tape as the main method of secondary storage. As contrasted with magnetic tapes, magnetic discs can perform both sequential and random processing. They are classified as moving-head, fixed-head, or combination moving-head and fixed-head devices. Magnetic discs are the predominant secondary storage media. They include flexible or floppy discs, called diskettes. The "floppies" were introduced by IBM in 1972 and are still a popular storage medium to meet the demands of the microcomputer market.
Assignment 12