- •Рецензенты:
- •Рекомендует к печати
- •What is a computer?
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •The use of computers
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Make up the pairs or groups of the words which are close in their meanings. Use the words given below.
- •3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •4. Put the sentences into Past Simple:
- •5. A) Give a title to the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: communication (1)
- •Computers in the different sphres of our life
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about computers in general.
- •5. Make a short report “The Use of Computers”.
- •Some facts from the history of computers
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask alternative questions to the following sentences:
- •The fastest computers of the world
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Form the new words from the verbs:
- •3. Translate the word-combinations with: a) Participle I and b) Participle II:
- •4. Revise Active and Passive Voice of the verb. Open the brackets and use the proper form of the verb:
- •5. A) Give a title to the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: communication (2)
- •From the history of computer development
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Put in the necessary words to the following sentences:
- •3. Make up the pairs of words that are close in their meaning:
- •4. Discuss with your partner some facts from the history of computers.
- •5. Make a short report “The History of Computers”.
- •Data processing and data processing systems
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Storage units
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Try to find in the text the words the meaning of which are close to the meaning of the following ones:
- •3. Divide the words into three groups – nouns, adjective, adverb – according to their suffixes. Translate the words, if necessary use the vocabulary:
- •4. Translate the sentences with Perfect Participle Active and Perfect Participle Passive:
- •5. A) Read the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: network development
- •Computer technology
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Make a short report “Storage Units of the Computers”.
- •A computer system
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask special questions to the following sentences:
- •Input-output environment
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Form nouns from the following verbs using suffixes:
- •3. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb:
- •4. Combine the words from the left part with their interpretations from the right part:
- •5. A) Give a title to the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below:
- •The elements of computer system
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and make up the sentences using them:
- •3. Say if the statements are true or false:
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about the elements of computer system.
- •What is hardware?
- •Input hardware.
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Scanners
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Form comparative and superlative degrees of the following adjectives:
- •3. Translate the following sentences with infinitives:
- •4. Translate the following word-combinations:
- •5. A) Translate the following text into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below:
- •Input devices
- •1. Look through the following words and then answer the following questions:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Discuss with your partner different types of hardware.
- •5. Make a short report “a Scanner”.
- •Computer operations
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Types of software
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Translate into English:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words:
- •4. Match the words and their definitions:
- •5. A) Translate the following text into Russian in writing: memory
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below:
- •Operating systems
- •1. Look through the following words and then put 10 questions to the text:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about the types of computer data.
- •Output devices. Printers
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Keyboard devices
- •1. Look through the following words and then put 10 questions to the text “Keyboard devices”:
- •2. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the underlined words:
- •3. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to their special formation:
- •4. A) Translate the following text into Russian in writing: magnetic media devices
- •5. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: higeness of the internet
- •6. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about output devices.
- •7. Make a short report “Keyboard Devices”.
- •A modem
- •1. Read and learn the following words;
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Put different types of questions to the following sentences:
- •Electronic mail
- •1. Learn the following words and make up as many sentences as you can using these words:
- •2. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •Internet rules of safety.
- •Internet child safety.
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text c:
- •2. Read the following texts containing information about Internet and make a report “What the Internet is”.
- •3. Read and translate the text “What is Internet Explorer?” Say what else you know about other Web browsers.
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about Internet rules of safety.
- •5. Make a short report “Modems and Electronic Mail”.
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •History of the computer
- •Generations of computer
- •History of data processing
- •Digital and analog computers
- •History of programming languages
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Computer components
- •Evolution in size
- •Microprocessor as a cpu
- •Bill gates
- •What is internet?
- •I. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.
- •Translating machines
- •What is steganography?
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Uses of the web
- •Computer-intagrated manufacturing
- •Computer graphics
- •Cryptography
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Computer viruses
- •What is a trojan horse and what threat does it pose?
- •Increase your knowledge of computer viruses
- •You cannot get virus from
- •Antivirus software
- •Preventing a virus
- •Word and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Computers in science
- •The future of computers
- •No worms in these apples
- •Supplementary reading
- •1. Look through the words to the text “computer literacy”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Computer literacy
- •1. Look through the words to the text “from the history of telephony”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. From the history of telephony
- •1. Look through the words to the text “the first calculating devices”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. The first calculating devices
- •1. Look through the words to the text “charles babbage”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Charles babbage
- •1. Look through the words to the text “development of electronics”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Development of electronics
- •1. Look through the words to the text “microelectronics and microminiaturization”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Microelectronics and microminiaturization
- •1. Look through the words to the text “advantages of computer data processing”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Advantages of computer data processing
- •1. Look through the words to the text “hardware, software, and firmware”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Hardware, software, and firmware
- •1. Look through the words to the text “from the history of computer development in russia”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. From the history of computer development in russia
- •1. Look through the words to the text “functional units of digital computers”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Functional units of digital computers
- •1. Look through the words to the text “storage devices”
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Storage devices
- •1. Look through the words to the text “management information technology (it)”
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Management information technology (it)
- •1. Look through the words to the text “storage devices”
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. One woman's experience as a global head of it a successful manager sees a wider role for women in the male-dominated world of it networks
- •English-russian dictionary
- •Contents
- •Учебное издание
- •Английский язык
- •010503.65 «Математическое обеспечение и администрирование информационных систем»; 080116.65 «Математические методы в экономике».
- •Подписано в печать Формат 60х84
- •410003, Саратов, ул. Радищева, 89. Сгсэу
Operating systems
When computers were first introduced in the 1940’s and 50’s, every program written had to provide instructions that told the computer how to use devices such as the printer, how to store information on a disk, as well as how to perform several other tasks not necessarily related to the program. The additional program instructions for working with hardware devices were very complex, and time-consuming. Programmers soon realized it would be smarter to develop one program that could control the computer’s hardware, which others programs could have used when they needed it. With that, the first operating system was born.
Today, operating systems control and manage the use of hardware devices such as the printer or mouse. They also provide disk management by letting you store information in files. The operating system also lets you run programs such as the basic word processor. Lastly, the operating system provides several of its own commands that help you to use the computer.
DOS is the most commonly used PC operating system. DOS is an abbreviation for disk operating system. DOS was developed by a company named Microsoft. MS-DOS is an abbreviation for “Microsoft DOS”. When IBM first released the IBM PC in 1981, IBM licensed DOS from Microsoft for use on the PC and called it PC-DOS. From the users perspective, PC-DOS and MS-DOS are the same, each providing the same capabilities and commands.
The version of DOS release in 1981 was 1.0. Over the past decade, DOS has undergone several changes. Each time the DOS developers release a new version, they increase the version number.
Windows NT (new technology) is an operating system developed by Microsoft. NT is an enhanced version of the popular Microsoft Windows 3.0, 3.1 programs. NT requires a 386 or greater and 8 Mb of RAM. For the best NT performance, you have to use a 486 with about 16 Mb or higher. Unlike the Windows, which runs on top of DOS, Windows NT is an operating system itself. However, NT is DOS compatible. The advantage of using NT over Windows is that NT makes better use of the PC’s memory management capabilities.
OS/2 is a PC operating system created by IBM. Like NT, OS/2 is DOS compatible and provides a graphical user interface that lets you lets you run programs with a click of a mouse. Also like NT, OS/2 performs best when you are using a powerful system.
Many IBM-based PCs are shipped with OS/2 preinstalled.
UNIX is a multi-user operating system that allows multiple users to access the system. Traditionally, UNIX was run on larger mini computers to which users accessed the using terminals and not PC’s. UNIX allowed each user to simultaneously run the programs they desired. Unlike NT and OS/2, UNIX is not DOS compatible. Most users would not purchase UNIX for their own use.
Windows 95 & 98 are the most popular user-oriented operating systems with a friendly interface and multitasking capabilities. The usage of Windows 95 and its enhanced version Windows 98 is so simple that even little kids learn how to use it very quickly. Windows 95 and 98 are DOS compatible, so all programs written for DOS may work under the new operating system. Windows 95 requires 486 with 16 megabytes of RAM or Pentium 75-90 with 40 megabytes of free hard disk space.