- •Рецензенты:
- •Рекомендует к печати
- •What is a computer?
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •The use of computers
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Make up the pairs or groups of the words which are close in their meanings. Use the words given below.
- •3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •4. Put the sentences into Past Simple:
- •5. A) Give a title to the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: communication (1)
- •Computers in the different sphres of our life
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about computers in general.
- •5. Make a short report “The Use of Computers”.
- •Some facts from the history of computers
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask alternative questions to the following sentences:
- •The fastest computers of the world
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Form the new words from the verbs:
- •3. Translate the word-combinations with: a) Participle I and b) Participle II:
- •4. Revise Active and Passive Voice of the verb. Open the brackets and use the proper form of the verb:
- •5. A) Give a title to the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: communication (2)
- •From the history of computer development
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Put in the necessary words to the following sentences:
- •3. Make up the pairs of words that are close in their meaning:
- •4. Discuss with your partner some facts from the history of computers.
- •5. Make a short report “The History of Computers”.
- •Data processing and data processing systems
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Storage units
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Try to find in the text the words the meaning of which are close to the meaning of the following ones:
- •3. Divide the words into three groups – nouns, adjective, adverb – according to their suffixes. Translate the words, if necessary use the vocabulary:
- •4. Translate the sentences with Perfect Participle Active and Perfect Participle Passive:
- •5. A) Read the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: network development
- •Computer technology
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Make a short report “Storage Units of the Computers”.
- •A computer system
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask special questions to the following sentences:
- •Input-output environment
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Form nouns from the following verbs using suffixes:
- •3. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb:
- •4. Combine the words from the left part with their interpretations from the right part:
- •5. A) Give a title to the following fragment and translate it into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below:
- •The elements of computer system
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and make up the sentences using them:
- •3. Say if the statements are true or false:
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about the elements of computer system.
- •What is hardware?
- •Input hardware.
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Scanners
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Form comparative and superlative degrees of the following adjectives:
- •3. Translate the following sentences with infinitives:
- •4. Translate the following word-combinations:
- •5. A) Translate the following text into Russian in writing:
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below:
- •Input devices
- •1. Look through the following words and then answer the following questions:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Discuss with your partner different types of hardware.
- •5. Make a short report “a Scanner”.
- •Computer operations
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Types of software
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text b:
- •2. Translate into English:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words:
- •4. Match the words and their definitions:
- •5. A) Translate the following text into Russian in writing: memory
- •6. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below:
- •Operating systems
- •1. Look through the following words and then put 10 questions to the text:
- •2. Put the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •3. Put the missing words to the sentences:
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about the types of computer data.
- •Output devices. Printers
- •1. Read and learn the following words:
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Choose the ending to each question:
- •6. Ask general questions to the following sentences:
- •Keyboard devices
- •1. Look through the following words and then put 10 questions to the text “Keyboard devices”:
- •2. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the underlined words:
- •3. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to their special formation:
- •4. A) Translate the following text into Russian in writing: magnetic media devices
- •5. Read the following text with the dictionary if it is necessary. Perform the tasks given below: higeness of the internet
- •6. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about output devices.
- •7. Make a short report “Keyboard Devices”.
- •A modem
- •1. Read and learn the following words;
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text a:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions to the following sentences:
- •4. Choose the words that are missed in the following sentences:
- •5. Put different types of questions to the following sentences:
- •Electronic mail
- •1. Learn the following words and make up as many sentences as you can using these words:
- •2. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •Internet rules of safety.
- •Internet child safety.
- •1. Read and remember the words from the text c:
- •2. Read the following texts containing information about Internet and make a report “What the Internet is”.
- •3. Read and translate the text “What is Internet Explorer?” Say what else you know about other Web browsers.
- •4. Discuss with your partner what you have learned about Internet rules of safety.
- •5. Make a short report “Modems and Electronic Mail”.
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •History of the computer
- •Generations of computer
- •History of data processing
- •Digital and analog computers
- •History of programming languages
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Computer components
- •Evolution in size
- •Microprocessor as a cpu
- •Bill gates
- •What is internet?
- •I. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.
- •Translating machines
- •What is steganography?
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Uses of the web
- •Computer-intagrated manufacturing
- •Computer graphics
- •Cryptography
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Computer viruses
- •What is a trojan horse and what threat does it pose?
- •Increase your knowledge of computer viruses
- •You cannot get virus from
- •Antivirus software
- •Preventing a virus
- •Word and word combinations to be remembered.
- •Computers in science
- •The future of computers
- •No worms in these apples
- •Supplementary reading
- •1. Look through the words to the text “computer literacy”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Computer literacy
- •1. Look through the words to the text “from the history of telephony”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. From the history of telephony
- •1. Look through the words to the text “the first calculating devices”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. The first calculating devices
- •1. Look through the words to the text “charles babbage”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Charles babbage
- •1. Look through the words to the text “development of electronics”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Development of electronics
- •1. Look through the words to the text “microelectronics and microminiaturization”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Microelectronics and microminiaturization
- •1. Look through the words to the text “advantages of computer data processing”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Advantages of computer data processing
- •1. Look through the words to the text “hardware, software, and firmware”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Hardware, software, and firmware
- •1. Look through the words to the text “from the history of computer development in russia”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. From the history of computer development in russia
- •1. Look through the words to the text “functional units of digital computers”:
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Functional units of digital computers
- •1. Look through the words to the text “storage devices”
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Storage devices
- •1. Look through the words to the text “management information technology (it)”
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. Management information technology (it)
- •1. Look through the words to the text “storage devices”
- •2. Read the text, translate it and give a brief summary. One woman's experience as a global head of it a successful manager sees a wider role for women in the male-dominated world of it networks
- •English-russian dictionary
- •Contents
- •Учебное издание
- •Английский язык
- •010503.65 «Математическое обеспечение и администрирование информационных систем»; 080116.65 «Математические методы в экономике».
- •Подписано в печать Формат 60х84
- •410003, Саратов, ул. Радищева, 89. Сгсэу
Evolution in size
Computers come in all sizes. Large ones are called mainframes. The mainframes have been around the longest, and there are a lot of them, especially in larger organizations.
The most powerful computers, however, are called supercomputers. The supercomputers are so powerful that they are found in only a few of the larger business organizations. Supercomputers most often are used for scientific calculations. The recent trend has not been to larger computers, but to smaller ones. In the 1970 s, this trend got its start with minicomputers, or minis. These computers were smaller than the mainframes but, in many cases, outperformed the larger units.
The minis were received so well that computer manufacturers produced even smaller units – called microcomputers or micros. Most of the microcomputer’s main circuitry is in the form of a small silicon chip, smaller than your fingernail. The chip is called a microprocessor. You also hear terms like “small business computer” and “personal computer”. A small business computer is a mini or micro that is usually found in smaller firms and provides the computational support.
TEXT 3
Read the text and choose the right answer to the questions given below.
Microprocessor as a cpu
We can also view the microprocessor as a primary component of a computer. Traditionally, the computer is represented in block of components: Memory, Input, Output, and the Сentral Processor Unit (CPU), which consists of Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit. The CPU contains various registers to store data, the ALU to perform arithmetic and logical operations, instruction decoders, counters, and control lines. The CPU reads instructions from the memory and performs the task specified. It communicates with input/output devices either to accept or to send data.
These devices are also known as peripherals. The CPU is the primary and central player in communicating with devices such as memory, input, and output. However, the timing of the communication process is controlled by the group of circuits called the control unit. In the 1960s, the CPU was designed with discrete component on various boards.
With the advent of the integrated circuit technology, it became possible to build the CPU on a single chip; this came to be known as microprocessor.
1. What component of a computer can be viewed as primary?
a) the ALU
b) the memory
c) the CPU
2. Where does the CPU store data?
a) in registers
b) in counters
c) in instruction decoders
3. What devices are called peripherals?
a) the memory
b) integrated circuits
c) input/output devices
TEXT 4
Read the text and answer the questions.
Bill gates
Everyone has heard of Bill Gates, one of the richest and most successful people in the world. Microsoft, the business he started with a friend in 1975, has become the world’s largest computer software company, and Gates was the world’s youngest billionaire at the age of 31. His full name is William Henry Gates III, and he was born on 28th October, 1955, in Seatle, USA. At school, Bill soon showed that he was very intelligent, and especially good at Maths and Science. His parents decided to send him to Lakeside, the private school where he first began to use computers. 13-year-old Bill Gates and his schoolfriend Paul Allen were soon spending all their time writing programs and learning about computers instead of doing their schoolwork! After finishing school in 1973, Bill went to Harvard, America’s most famous university. The next year, he and Paul Allen wrote an operating program for the Altair, one of the world’s first microcomputers. The two friends started Microsoft in 1975, and Gates left Harvard. Before long, Microsoft was a major business success.
Since then, the company has continued to grow, producing most of the world’s leading PC software. One reason for his success is that Gates has always been very ambitious and hardworking. This has not left him much time for a normal personal life, but in 1994 he married Melinda French, a Microsoft employee, and in 1995 he wrote a best-selling book, “the Road Ahead”. Bill has mixed feelings about spending so much time running Microsoft. “There are a lot of experiences I haven’t had, but I do like my job,” he says. When he does find time to relax, he likes puzzles, golf and reading about science. For such a rich person, his life is simple, and he spends little on himself and his family. When it comes to helping others, though, Gates is very generous*. He has already given huge amounts of money to charity and says that he plans to give away almost all of his wealth** when he retires***.
Notes:
*generous – великодушный
**wealth – богатство
***retire – уйти на пенсию, отойти от дел
1. What is Bill Gates’s full name?
2. What have he and Paul Allen done together?
3. Why has Gates been so successful?
4. What does he do in his free time?
5. What does he plan to do with all his money?
Exercise 1. Complete the table.
-
Full name:
William Henry Gates III
Born:
28 October, …, in Seatle, USA
Early Life:
• very intelligent, especially good at Maths and Science
• parents sent him to Lakeside, a private school
• finished school in …
Later Life:
• went to Harvard
• started Microsoft in 1975 (with Paul Allen), left Harvard
• married Melinda French in …
• wrote “The Road Ahead” in…
Character:
ambitious, hardworking, generous
Likes:
puzzles, golf, reading about science
Plans:
to give away almost all of his wealth…
Exercise 2. Use the information of the text to talk about Bill Gates.
TEXT 5
Read the text and say in English what explanation of the term “server” is given in the text.
Термин «сервер» толкуют по-разному. Иногда его относят к оборудованию, а иногда - к ПО (Программное оборудование). В некотором смысле оба этих определения относятся к архитектуре отвечающей на эти запросы путем выдачи информации заданного типа. Разумеется, в обоих случаях ядром системы является соответствующее ПО. Когда об оборудовании говорят как о сервере, обычно имеют в виду, что на чем работает одна или более серверных программ, что он может быть предназначен для той или иной роли и, возможно, состоит из компонентов, обеспечивающих высокую степень готовности. Вообще говоря, слово «сервер» имеет тот же корень, что и «сервис». Таким образом, с точки зрения аппаратных средств сервер — это компьютер, который способен оказывать некоторые услуги другим, подсоединенным к нему компьютерам. Подразумевается, что компьютеры каким-то образом связаны с сервером и друг с другом. Правильный выбор сервера для организации - нелегкая задача. Широкий ассортимент серверных систем требует от руководителей ИT-служб реалистичной оценки требований к их вычислительной мощности, надежности и степени готовности. Они должны четко сформулировать, каковы будут требования к серверам, изучить возможности сервисной поддержки, а также определить будущие затраты на модернизацию. Кроме того, надо хорошо ориентироваться в разнообразии предлагаемой на рынке продукции.
Unit 11
Exercise 1. Check the transcription of the following words:
circuit, encyclopedia, establishing, investigator, authority, reference.
wheeze, search, accept, specialize, announce, participate.
exhaustive, famous, exclusive, thematic, absolute, reliable.
Exercise 2. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words without using a dictionary.
Astronomy, instrument, observatory, information, principle, computers, universal, encyclopedia, section, transistors, exclusive, laboratory.
Exercise 3. Match the synonyms.
-
1. evolution
2. explorer
3. installing
4.famous
5. allow
6. receive
7. search
a) establishing
b) well-known
c) development
d) accept
e) investigator
f) submit
g) consist
h) permit
j) look for
Exercise 4. Make nouns from the following verbs according to the model and translate them.
Verb + tion Model: install – installation
instruct, communicate, miniaturise, inform, specialise, form, alter, educate, occupy, qualify, invent, oppose, pollute, produce, reduce.
Verb + ment
announce, improve, achieve, employ, excite, enjoy, advertise, manage.
Verb + ee
employ, pay, refuge, address.
TEXT 1
Read and translate