100 Muscles, synovial bursae and sheaths

1

Femoral ring. Anulus femoralis. Entrance into

15

Inferior (fibular) peroneal retinaculum. Reti-

the femoral canal bordered by the femoral vein,

naculum mm. peroneorum (fibularium) in-

inguinal ligament, falx inguinalis and pectineal

ferius. Lower band that holds the peroneal ten-

ligament. A

dons in place. It passes from the extensor reti-

2

Femoral septum. Septum

femorale. Fibrous

naculum to the outer surface of the calcaneus.

A fibrous tract goes to the peroneal trochlea

3

membrane that

closes the

entrance of the

and separates the upper lying peroneus brevis

femoral canal. A

from the peroneus longus muscle. C

3 Saphenous opening. Hiatus saphenus. Large

4

16

Fascia dorsalis pedis. Thin fascia on the dor-

opening in the fascia lata directly below the in-

guinal

ligament

for

passage of

the great

sum of the foot connected above with the infe-

5

saphenous vein. B

rior extensor retinaculum. C D

17

Plantar

aponeurosis. Aponeurosis

plantaris.

4

Falciform margin. Margo falciformis. Curved,

6

principal lateral margin of the saphenous open-

Tough, tendinous sheet on the sole of the foot

extending from the tuber calcanei to as far as

ing. B

5

Superior

horn. Cornu superius. Upper, curved

the middle phalanges. It braces the longitudinal

7

arch of the foot. E

portion of the falciform margin. B

18

Transverse

fasciculi.

Fasciculi

transversi.

6

Inferior horn. Cornu inferius. Lower, curved por-

8

Transverse fibrous sheets in the distal plantar

tion of the falciform magin. B

aponeurosis. E

7

Cribriform fascia. Fascia cribrosa. Loose, per-

19

Superficial

transverse

metatarsal

ligament.

9

forated connective tissue lamina covering the

Lig. metatarsale

transversum

superficiale.

saphenous opening. B

Transverse fibrous tract in the vicinity of the

10

8

Fascia of the leg (crural fascia). Fascia cruris.

distal transverse fibers of the plantar

Superficial investing fascia of the leg which

aponeurosis. E G

11

serves partially for muscle attachment and is

19 a

Synovial bursae (sacs) and sheaths. Bursae et

fused to the free bony margins of the tibia. C D F

vaginae synoviales.

9

Anterior intermuscular septum of leg. Septum

20

Synovial

sheaths

of the digits

of

the foot.

12

intermusculare

cruris

anterius.

Connective

Vaginae synoviales tendinum digitorum pedis.

tissue septum between the peroneal and exten-

Synovial portion of the tendon sheaths for the

13

sor compartments. F

flexors of the toes. G

10

Posterior intermuscular septum of leg. Sep-

21

Vincula

tendinum. Connective

tissue tract

14

tum intermusculare cruris posterius. Connec-

passing obliquely through the tendon sheaths

tive tissue septum between the peroneal and

bearing blood vessels. G

flexor compartments. F

22

Fibrous sheaths of the digits of the foot.

15

11

Superior extensor retinaculum. Retinaculum

Vaginae fibrosae tendinum digitorum pedis.

mm.

extensorum

superius.

Transverse

Tough fibrous sheath that reinforces the tendon

16

thickened (about two finger’s breadth) of the

sheaths on the flexor side of the toes. G

crural fascia that hold the extensor tendons in

23

Annular part of fibrous sheath. Pars anularis

place. C D

17

vaginae fibrosae. Circular tracts in the fibrous

12

Flexor retinaculum. Retinaculum mm. flex-

sheaths between the joints. G

orum. Fibrous band on the long flexor tendons

24

Cruciate part of fibrous sheath. Pars cruci-

18

that extends from the medial malleolus to the

calcaneus. It forms an osteofibrous compart-

formis vaginae fibrosae. Crucitate connective

tissue tracts in the fibrous sheaths over the

19

ment for the posterior tibial m., then divides

joints. G

into two parts. The lower portion forms com-

partments for the flexor digitorum longus and

24

14 Superior peroneal (fibular) retinaculum. Reti-

naculum mm. peroneorum (fibularium) su-

perius. Upper band that holds peroneal tendons

25

in place; it extends from the lateral malleolus

to the calcaneus. C

1

1

Tendon sheath of superior oblique muscle.

16

Intratendinous bursa of olecranon. [B. in-

Vagina tendinis m. obliqui superioris. Synovial

tratendinea olecrani]. Synovial bursa within

sheath of the superior oblique m. of the eyeball,

the triceps tendon near the olecranon. F

2

situated at the site where its tendon passes

17

Subtendinous bursa of triceps brachii. B. sub-

through the trochlea. See p. 364. 12

tendinea m. tricipitis brachii. Synovial bursa

2

Synovial bursa of tensor veli palatini. Bursa m.

3

between the triceps tendon and the olecranon.

tensoris veli palatini. Synovial bursa between

F

the pterygoid hamulus and the tendon of the

18

Bicipitoradial bursa. B. bicipitoradialis. Syn-

4

tensor veli palatini muscle. See pp. 116.20, 117.

ovial bursa between the biceps tendon and the

3

C

anterior part of the radial tuberosity. F

5

Subcutaneous bursa of the laryngeal promi-

19

[B. cubitalis

interossea]. Synovial bursa be-

nence. B. subcutanea prominentiae laryngealis.

tween the biceps tendon and the ulna or ob-

Synovial bursa between the skin and the laryn-

lique cord. F

6

geal prominence of the thyroid cartilage. A

20 Tendon sheath of abductor pollicis longus and

4

Retrohyoid bursa. B. retrohyoidea. Synovial

extensor pollicis brevis muscles. Vag. ten-

7

bursa between the body of the hyoid bone and

dinum

mm. abductoris longi et extensoris

the median thyrohyoid ligament. A

brevis pollicis. Common tendon sheath forming

5

Infrahyoid bursa. B. infrahyoidea. Synovial

8

the first tendon compartment on the dorsum of

bursa between the upper end of the sternohy-

the hand. G

oid muscle and the thyrohyoid membrane. A B

21 Tendon sheath of extensor carpi radialis lon-

9

5 a Synovial bursae of upper limb. Bursae membri

gus and brevis muscles. Vag. tendinum mm.

superioirs.

extensorum carpi radialium. Common tendon

10

6

Subtendinous bursa of trapezius. B. subten-

sheath forming the second tendon compart-

ment on the dorsum of the hand. G

dinea m. trapezii. Synovial bursa between the

trapezius muscle (ascending part) and the

22

Tendon sheath of extensor pollicis longus

11

spine of the scapula. C

muscle. Vag. tendinis m. extensoris pollicis

7

[B. subcutanea acromialis]. Synovial bursa be-

longi. Forms the third tendon compartment. G

12

tween acromion and the skin. D

23

Tendon sheath of extensor digitorum and ex-

8

Subacromial bursa. B. subacromialis. Synovial

tensor indicis muscles. Vag. tendinum mm. ex-

13

bursa between the acromion, coracoacromial

tensoris digitorum et extensoris indicis. Tendon

ligament and supraspinous tendon. It and its

sheath

forming the fourth tendon compart-

tendons lie on the joint capsule. D E

ment on the dorsum of the hand. G

14

24

9

Subdeltoid bursa. B. subdeltoidea. Synovial

Tendon

sheath of extensor

digiti

minimi

muscle. Vag. tendinis m. extensoris digiti min-

bursa between the deltoid muscle and the

15

greater tubercle of the humerus. It often com-

imi. Forms the fifth tendon compartment on

the dorsum of the hand. G

municates with the subacromial bursa. D

25

Tendon sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris

10

Coracobrachial bursa. [b. m. coracobrachialis].

16

muscle. Vag. tendinis m. extensoris carpi ul-

Synovial bursa between the tendons of the sub-

naris. Forms the sixth tendon compartment on

scapularis and coracobrachialis muscles below

17

the dorsum of the hand. G

the apex of the coracoid process. D

26

11

Subtendinous bursa of infraspinatus muscle.

Sheath

of

extensor carpi

radialis

brevis

18

B. subtendinea m. infraspinati. Synovial bursa

muscle. Vag. m. extensoris carpi radialis brevis.

Synovial bursa at the attachment between the

between the tendon of the infraspinatus and

the capsule of the shoulder joint. E

tendon and base of the 3rd metacarpal.

4

5

2

5

6

3

3

4

5

6

A Sagittal section

B Larynx,

C Right shoulder,

7

of larynx

lateral view

posterior view

7

8

8

8

9

10

10

9

12

11

11

12

13

14

14

13

D

Shoulder joint, anterior view

E

Shoulder joint, posterior view

15

16

17

16

18

17

15

19

20

24

22

21

19

21

23

22

20

18

25

23

24

F Section of elbow joint sawed open

G

Wrist and hand, dorsal view

1

1

Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis muscle.

15

Subtendinous iliac bursa. B. subtendinea iliaca.

Vag. tendinis m. flexoris carpi radialis. In-

Synovial bursa between the lesser trochanter

dividual tendon sheath for the flexor carpi

and the iliopsoas tendon. C

2

radialis at the insertion of the tendon to the

16

Superior bursa of biceps femoris muscle. B. m.

base of the 2nd metacarpal bone. A

bicipitis femoris superior. Synovial bursa be-

3

2 Common sheath of flexor muscles. Vag. com-

tween the origins of the biceps femoris and

munis mm. flexorum. Common tendon sheath

semimembranosus muscles. B

for the two long flexors of the fingers. A

17

Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa. B. subcu-

4

3

Tendon sheath of flexor pollicis longus

tanea prepatellaris. Synovial bursa directly be-

muscle. Vag. tendinis m. flexoris pollicis longi.

tween the skin and the fascia in front of the

5

Separate synovial sheath for the long flexor of

knee. D

the thumb. A

18

Subfascial prepatellar bursa. [B. subfascialis

6

4 Tendon sheaths for flexors in region of fin-

prepatellaris]. Synovial bursa between the in-

gers. Vag. tendinum digitorum manus. A

vesting fascia of the knee and the tendon of the

4 a Synovial bursae of lower limb. Bursae membri

quadratus femoris muscle. D

7

19

Subtendinous prepatellar bursa. [B. subten-

inferioris.

5 Subcutaneous trochanteric bursa. Bursa sub-

dinea prepatellaris]. Synovial bursa directly on

8

the knee joint below the tendon of the quadra-

cutanea trochanterica. Synovial bursa on the

tendon of the gluteus maximus between the

tus femoris. D

20

Suprapatellar bursa. B. suprapatellaris. Syn-

9

skin and greater trochanter. B

6

Trochanteric bursa of gluteus maximus. B.

ovial bursa between the quadriceps tendon and

the femur. It almost always communicates with

trochanterica m. glutei maximi. Synovial bursa

10

the joint cavity. D

between the tendon of the gluteus maximus

and the greater trochanter. B

21

Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa. B. subcu-

11

7

Trochanteric bursae of gluteus medius. Bb.

tanea infrapatellaris. Synovial bursa between

the ligamentum patellae and the skin. D

trochantericae m. glutei medii. This designa-

22

Deep infrapatellar bursa. B. infrapatellaris pro-

12

tion comprises two synovial bursae, an anterior

one between the tendon of insertion of the glu-

funda. Synovial bursa between the ligamentum

teus medius and the greater trochanter and a

patellae and the tibia. D

13

posterior one between this tendon and the piri-

23

Subcutaneous bursa of tibial tuberosity. B.

formis muscle. B C

subcutanea tuberositas tibiae. Synovial bursa

14

8

Trochanteric bursa of gluteus minimus. B. tro-

between the tibial tuberosity and the skin. It is

chantericae m. glutei minimi. Synovial bursa

mostly involved in kneeling. D

between the tendon of insertion of the gluteus

24

Subtendinous bursae of sartorius muscle. Bb.

15

minimus and the greater trochanter. B C

subtendineae m. sartorii. Synovial bursae be-

9 Bursa of piriformis muscle. B. m. piriformis.

tween the sartorius tendon and the tendons of

16

Synovial bursa between the piriformis tendon,

the gracilis and semitendinosus situated below

femur and superior gemellus muscle. B

it. E

1

1 Anserine bursa. B. anserina. Synovial bursa on

15 Common tendon sheath for peroneal muscles.

the tibial collateral ligament below the tendons

Vag. tendinum mm. peroneorum (fibularium)

of the semitendinosus, gracilis and sartorius

communis. It lies below the peroneal reti-

2

muscles. It occasionally communicates with

naculum and extends to the cuboid bone. C

the subtendinous bursa of the sartorius. A

16 Subtendinous bursa of tibialis anterior

3

2 Inferior subtendinous bursa of biceps femoris

muscle. B. subtendinea m. tibialis anterioris.

muscle. B. subtendinea m. bicipitis femoris in-

Synovial bursa between the tibialis anterior

ferior. Synovial bursa located partially on the

tendon and the medial cuneiform bone. D

4

fibular collateral ligament below the tendon of

17 Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa. B. sucutanea

insertion of the biceps femoris. B

calcanea. Synovial bursa between the skin and

5

3

Subpopliteal recess. Recessus subpopliteus

the posterior surface of the calcaneus. D

[bursa m. poplitei]. Synovial bursa on the

18 Bursa of calcaneal [[Achilles]] tendon. B. ten-

lateral femoral condyle below the tendon of

dinis calcanei [Achilles]. Synovial bursa be-