396

General terms

1

36 Peripheral. Peripheralis. Not pertaining to the

1

2

Vertical (perpendicular). Verticalis.

center.

3

Horizontal. Horizontalis.

36 a Periphery. Periphericus.

2

37 Radial. Radialis. Pertaining to or located at the

4

Median. Medianus. Lying in the midline (mid-

sagittal plane).

radius. B

3

38 Ulnar. Ulnaris. Pertaining to or located at the

5

Coronal. Coronalis. Lying in the plane of the

coronal suture. A

ulna. B

4

39 Fibular. Fibularis. Pertaining to the fibula or lo-

6

Sagittal. Sagittalis. Lying in the plane of the

sagittal suture. A

cated on the fibular part of the leg. B

40 Tibial. Tibialis. Pertaining to the tibia or locted

5

7

Right. Dexter.

on the tibial part of the leg. B

8

Left. Sinister.

41 Palmar. Palmaris. Pertaining to or located on

6

9

Transverse. Transversalis. Situated at right an-

the plam. B

gles to the long axis of a part.

42 Volar. Volaris. Same as palmar. B

7

10

Medial. Medialis. Lying close to the median

43 Plantar. Plantaris. Pertaining to or located on

plane.

the sole of the foot. B

11

Intermediate. Lying between two structures.

8

44 Flexor. A muscle that bends (flexes) a joint.

12 Lateral. Lateralis. Situated toward the side.

45 Extensor. A muscle that straightens (extends) a

13 Anterior. Situated in front of.

9

joint.

14

Posterior. Situated behind.

46

Regiones

15

Ventral (anterior). Ventralis. Toward the belly.

10

et partes corporis.

16

Dorsal (posterior). Dorsalis. Toward the back.

47 Anterior median line. Linea mediana anterior.

17

Frontal. Frontalis. 1. Pertaining to the forehead;

Vertical plane through the middle of the trunk.

11

C

2. Plane separating the body into front and back

parts (frontal or coronla plane). A

48 Sternal line. Linea sternalis. Line correspond-

12

18

Occipital. Occipitalis. Pertaining to the occiput.

ing to the lateral margin of the sternum. C

19

Upper. Superior.

49

Parasternal line. Linea

parasternalis. Vertical

13

line midway between

the sternal and mid-

20

Lower. Inferior.

clavicular lines. C

21

Cranial. Cranialis. Pertaining to the head;

50 Midclavicular (mammary) line. Linea medio-

14

toward the head.

clavicularis. Vertical line passing through the

22

Caudal. Caudalis. Situated toward the tail.

halfway point of the clavicle. C

15

23

Rostral. Rostralis. Located toward the rostrum

51 Mammary line. Linea mamillaris. Same as mid-

of the corpus callosum.

clavicular line. C

16

24

Apical. Apicalis. Pertaining to or located at the

52 Anterior axillary line. Linea axillaris anterior. It

apex.

lies at the anterior fold of the axilla. C

17

25

Basal. Basalis. Pertaining to or located at the

53

Axillary

(midaxillary)

line.

Linea axillaris

base.

media. It lies in the middle between the ante-

26

Basilar. Basilaris. Pertaining to the base of the

rior and posterior axillary lines. C

18

54 Posterior axillary line. Linea axillaris posterior.

skull.

27

Middle. Medius.

It lies at the posterior fold of the axilla. B C

19

55 Scapular line. Linea scapularis. A vertical line

28

Transverse. Transversus.

through the inferior angle of the scapula. B

29

Longitudinal. Longitudinalis. Running longi-

20

56 Paravertebral line. Linea paravertebralis. Verti-

tudinally.

30 Axialis. Pertaining to or located at the axis, e. g.,

cal line

through the ends of

the transverse

processe visible only in radiograms. B

398

General terms

Posterior median line. Linea mediana poste-

25

Carotid triangle. Trigonum caroticum. Tri-

1

1

rior. Vertical line through the median plane of

angular region bounded by the sternoclei-

the posterior trunk. B

domastoid muscle, posterior belly of the diga-

2

2

Subcostal plane. Planum subcostale. Trans-

stric muscle and superior belly of the omohyoid

verse plane through the lower edge of the 10th

muscle. A

3

costal cartilage. C

26

Muscular

(inferior

carotid) triangle.

3

Transpyloric plane. Planum transpyloricum.

Trigonum musculare (omotracheale). Triangu-

lar region between the anterior median line of

Horizontal plane transecting the trunk halfway

4

the neck, the anterior margin of the sternoclei-

between the upper margin of the pubic sym-

physis and the upper margin of the manubrium

domastoid muscle and the superior belly of the

omohyoid muscle. A

5

sterni. C

27

Submental (suprahyoid) triangle. Trigonum

4

Supracristal plane. Planum supracristale. Hori-

submentale. Triangle below the chin between

6

zontal plane through the highest point of the

the hyoid bone and the anterior belly of the di-

iliac crest. It transects the vertebral column at

gastric muscle on each side. A

the level of the spinous process of L4. C

7

28 Sternocleidomastoid region. Regio sternoclei-

5

Intertubercular plane. Planum intertubercu-

domastoidea. Region overlying the sternoclei-

lare. Transverse

plane through

the

iliac

domastoid muscle. A

8

tubercle. C

29

Lesser supraclavicular fossa. Fossa supra-

6

Interspinal plane. Planum interspinale. Trans-

clavicularis minor. Triangular depression be-

9

verse plane through the anterior superior iliac

tween the sternal and clavicular origins of the

spine. C

sternocleidomastoid muscle. A

10

7 Preaxillary line. Linea praeaxillaris.

30

Posterior triangle of neck. Regio cervicalis

8

Postaxillary line. Linea postaxillaris.

lateralis (trigonum cervicale posterius). Tri-

11

9

Head regions. Regiones capitis. The various an-

angle between the clavicle, anterior margin of

the trapezius and posterior border of the ster-

atomic regions of the head.

nocleidomastoid muscle. A

12

10 Frontal region. Regio frontalis. A

31

Supraclavicular (omoclavicular, subclavian)

11

Parietal region. Regio parietalis. The region

triangle. Trigonum omoclaviculare (fossa su-

13

above the parietal bone. A B

praclavicular

major)

greater supraclavicular

12

Occipital region. Regio occipitalis. The region

fossa. Triangle between the sternocleidomas-

toid and omohyoid muscles and the clavicle. A

14

above the occipital bone. A B

32 Posterior region of the neck (nuchal region).

13

Temporal region. Regio temporalis. The region

Regio cervicalis posterior (regio nuchalis). B

above the temporal bone. A B

15

33 Pectoral regions. Regiones pectorales. Collec-

14

Facial regions. Regiones faciales. The various

tive term for the various regions of the chest,

anatomic regions of the face. A

16

which are described below.

15

Orbital region. Regio orbitalis. Area involving

34 Presternal region. Regio presternalis. Area in

the orbit. A

17

front of the sternum. C

16

Nasal region. Regio nasalis. Region involving

35

Infraclavicular fossa.

Fossa infraclavicularis.

the nose. A

Depression produced by the clavipectoral tri-

18

17

Oral region. Regio oralis. Area around the

angle. C

mouth. A

36

Clavipectoral triangle. Trigonum clavipec-

19

18

Mental region. Regio mentalis. Chin area. A

torale. Triangle between the deltoid, pectoralis

major and clavicle. C

19

Infraorbital region. Regio infraorbitalis. Region

37 Pectoral region. Regio pectoralis. Area on the

20

below the orbit. A

pectoralis major muscle. C

20 Buccal region. Regio buccalis. Cheek area. A

38

Mammary region. Regio mammaria. Region

21

21

Zygomatic region. Regio zygomatica. A

pertaining to the mammary gland. C

22

Cervical regions.

Regiones cervicales.

The

39

Inframammary region. Regio inframammaria.

22

various anatomic regions of the neck.

Region below the mammary region. C

23

Anterior triangle

of neck. Regio

cervicalis

40

Axillary region. Regio axillaris. C

23

anterior (trigonum cervicalis anterius). Region

41 Axillary fossa. Fossa axillaris. C

between the midline and the sternocleidomas-

24

toid muscle.

24

Submandibular

(digastric)

triangle.

400

General terms

1 Abdominal regions. Regiones abdominales.

22

Posterior brachial region. Regio (facies)

1

2

Hypochondriac region

(hypochondrium).

brachialis

posterior. Posterior surface of the

Regio hypochondriaca (hypochondrium). Re-

upper arm. A

2

23

Elbow. Cubitus.

gion lateral to the midclavicular line between

the pectoral region and the transpyloric plane.

24

Anterior

cubital region. Regio (facies) cubi-

3

B

talis anterior. Anterior surface of the elbow. B

3 Epigastric region (epigastrium). Regio epiga-

25

Posterior cubital region. Regio (facies) cubi-

4

strica (epigastrium). Region medial to the mid-

talis posterior. Posterior surface of the elbow. A

clavicular line between the pectoral region and

26

Cubital fossa. Fossa cubitalis. B

the transpyloric plane. B

27

Lateral bicipital groove. Sulcus bicipitalis later-

5

4

Lumbar (lateral) region. Regio lateralis. Region

alis (radialis). B

lateral to the midclavicular line between the

28

Medial bicipital groove. Sulcus bicipitalis medi-

6

transpyloric and intertubercular planes. B

alis (ulnaris) B.

5 Umbilical region. Regio umbilicalis. Area me-

29

Forearm. Antebrachium.

7

dial to the midclavicular

line between the

30

Anterior

antebrachial

region. Regio (facies)

transpyloric and intertubercular planes. B

antebrachialis anterior. Anterior surface of the

6 Inguinal (iliac) region. Regio inguinalis. Region

8

forearm. A B

lateral to the midclavicular line between the in-

31

Posterior antebrachial region. Regio (facies)

tertubercular plane and the inguinal ligament.

antebrachialis posterior. Posterior

surface of

9

B

the forearm. A B

7 Hypogastric (pubic) region. Regio pubica (hy-

32

Lateral margin. Margo lateralis (radialis).

10

pogastrium). Region medial to the midclavicu-

33

Medial margin. Margo medialis (ulnaris).

lar line between the intertubercular plane and

the inguinal ligament. B

34

Wrist. Carpus.

11

8

Posterior (dorsal) regions. Regiones dorsales.

35

Anterior carpal region. Regio carpalis ante-

The various anatomic regions of the back.

rior. Anterior of flexor side of the wrist. A

12

9

Vertebral region. Regio vertebralis. Region

36

Posterior carpal region. Regio carpalis poste-

overlying the vertebral column. A

rior. Posterior or extensor side of the wrist. B

13

10

Sacral region. Regio sacralis. Region overlying

37

Hand. Manus.

the sacrum. A

38

Dorsum of hand. Dorsum manus. B

14

11

Scapular region. Regio scapularis. Region over-

39

Palm of hand. Palma manus. A

lying the scapula. A

40

Thenar

eminence.

Thenar

(eminentia

15

12

Infrascapular region. Regio infrascapularis.

thenaris). Ball of the thumb.

41

Hypothenar eminence. Hypothenar (eminen-

Area between the scapular region and the lum-

bar region. A

tia hypothenaris). Ball of the little finger.

16

13

Region cranial to the iliac crest. Regio lum-

42

Metacarpus. Part of the hand between the

baris (lumbalis). A

wrist and digits.

17

14

Lumbar (Petit’s) trigone. Trigonum lumbare

43

Digits (fingers). Digiti.

[[Petiti]]. Triangle above the iliac crest between

44

Thumb. Pollex (digitus primus (I)).

18

the margins of the latissimus dorsi and external

45

Index finger. Index (digitus secundus (II)).

abdominal oblique.

46

Middle finger. Digitus medius (tertius (III)).

19

15

Perineal region. Regio perinealis. C

47

Ring finger. Digitus anularis (quartus (IV)).

16

Anal region. Regio analis. Area around the

48

Little finger. Digitus minimus (quintus (V)).

20

anus. It is bordered anteriorly by an imaginary

49

Ventral (palmar, flexor) side of fingers. Facies dig-

line through the two ischial tuberosities. C

17

Urogenital region. Regio urogenitalis. Perineal

itales ventrales (palmares).

21

50

Dorsal (extensor) side of fingers. Facies digitales

area in front of the imaginary line between the

dorsales.

two ischial tuberosities. C

402

General terms

1

Regions of lower limb. Regiones membri infe-

29

1

rioris. The

various

anatomic

regions

of the

30

Systema skeletale.

lower limb.

31 Bony part. Pars ossea.

2

2

Gluteal region. Regio glutealis. Area over the

32

Periosteum. External covering of bone.

gluteal muscles. A

33

Endosteum. Internal lining of bone. It also lines

3

3

Gluteal fold. Sulcus glutealis. Fold passing over

the marrow cavity.

the gluteus maximus and bordering the but-

tocks inferiorly when the hip joint is extended.

34

Cortical substance. Substantia corticalis. Su-

4

A

perficial layer formed by the external main

3 a Hip joint. Coxa (regio coxalis).

lamellae of the bone.

5

35

Compact bone. Substantia compacta. Dense

4

Thigh region. Femur (regio femoralis).

5 Anterior thigh region. Regio (facies) femoralis

bony substance formed by osteons.

6

36

Spongy (trabecular) bone. Substantia spon-

anterior. B

giosa (trabecularis). Loosely organized bone

6 Femoral triangle. Trigonum femorales. Triangu-

substance with interstices occupied by bone

7

lar region of the groin bordered by the sartorius

marrow.

and adductor longus muscles and the inguinal

37 Cartilaginous part (of the skeleton). Pars car-

ligament. B

8

tilaginosa.

7

Posterior

thigh

region.

Regio

(facies)

38

Perichondrium. Connective tissue covering of

femoralis posterior. A

9

cartilage. It contributes to cartilage growth.

8

Knee. Genus.

39

Axial skeleton. Skeleton axiale. Skeleton of the

9

Anterior side of knee. Regio genus anterior. B

trunk.

10

10

Posterior side of knee. Regio genus posterior.

40

Appendicular skeleton. Skeleton appendicu-

A

lare. Skeleton of the limbs.

11

11

Popliteal fossa. Fossa poplitea. A

41

Long bone. Os longum. Long bone such as the

12

Lower leg. Crus.

fibula.

12

13

Anterior surface of lower leg. Regio (facies)

42

Short bone. Os breve. Short bone such as the

cruralis anterior. B

wrist bone.

13

14

Posterior surface of lower leg. Regio (facies)

43

Flat bone. Os planum. Flat bone such as the

cruralis posterior. A

parietal bone.

15

Calf. Sura (regio suralis). A

44

Irregular bone. Os irregulare. Irregular bone

14

16

Anterior and posterior talocrural (malle-

such as the sphenoid bone.

olar) regions. Regiones talocrurales anterior et

45

Pneumatic bone. Os pneumaticum. Bone with

15

posterior.

air-containing cells, e. g., the ethmoid bone.

17

Foot. Pes.

46

Epiphysis. End of a long bone temporarily in-

16

18

Heel (calcaneal region). Calx (regio calcanea).

volved in bone growth.

A

47

Diaphysis. Middle piece (shaft) of bone.

17

19

Dorsum of foot. Dorsum (regio dorsalis) pedis.

48

Metaphysis. Bony region between the epiphy-

B

sis and diaphysis.

18

20

Plantar surface of foot (sole). Planta (regio

49

Epiphysial cartilage. Cartilago epiphysialis.

plantaris) pedis. A

Cartilage zone between the diaphysis and

21

Lateral (fibular, outer) margin of foot.

epiphysis. It is responsible for the longitudinal

19

Margo lateralis (fibularis) pedis.

growth of long bones.

404

General terms

Epiphysial line. Linea epiphysialis. Line visible

26

Spheroidal

joint.

Articulatio

sphaeroidea

1

1

in radiograms and in sections of bone marking

(cotylica).

Ball and

socket joint, e. g., the

2

the former site of the epiphysial cartilage.

shoulder joint.

2

Joint surface. Facies articularis.

27

Ellipsoidal (condylar) joint. Articulatio ellip-

3 Medullary cavity. Cavitas medullaris.

soidea (condylaris). Joint with two axes, e. g.,

3

the wrist joint.

4

Yellow bone marrow. Medulla ossium flava. It

28 Hinge joint. Ginglymus. Joint with one axis,

contains abundant fat.

4

e. g., the elbow joint.

5

Red bone marrow. Medulla ossium rubra. It is

29 Bicondylar joint. Articulatio bicondylaris. Ar-

hemopoietic.

ticulation with one main transverse axis and

5

6

Nutrient foramen. Foramen nutriens. Macro-

another axis in the longitudinal direction of a

scopic foramen for nutrient vessels supplying

skeletal part., e. g., the knee joint.

6

mainly the bone marrow.

30

Trochoidal joint. Articulatio trochoidea. Pivot

7 Nutrient canal. Canalis nutriens. Canal con-

joint with one axis, e. g., the radio-ulnar joint.

7

tinuous with the nutrient foramen.

31 Saddle (sellar) joint. Articulatio sellaris. Joint

8

Center of ossification. Centrum ossificationis.

with two axes, e. g., the metacarpophalangeal

Site of onset of ossification of bones preformed

joint of the thumb.

8

in cartilage (endochondral ossification).

32

Ovoidal joint. [[Articulatio ovoidalis]]. Joint

9

Primary center of ossification. Centrum ossi-

with only weakly curved articular surfaces.

9

ficationis primarium. The center situated in the

33

Articular cartilage. Cartilago articularis.

diaphysis (diaphysial ossification).

34 Articular cavity. Cavitas articularis. Joint cavity.

10

10 Secondary center of ossification. Centrum

35

Articular disk. Discus articularis. Disk that

ossificationis secondarium. The center situated

in the epiphysis (epiphysial ossification).

divides a joint cavity into two separate cham-

11

11

Arthrologia. Study of the joints.

bers.

36 Meniscus. Meniscus articularis. Ring-like artic-

12

FIBROUS JOINTS. Articulationes fibrosae. They

ular disk., e. g., in the knee joint.

12

usually have no direct relationship to an articu-

37 Articular lip. Labrum articulare. Rim of fi-

lar cavity.

13

13 Syndesmosis. Fibrous joint with interosseous

brocartilage at the margin of a socket.

38

Joint capsule. Capsula articularis.

membrane or ligament.

39

Fibrous

membrane.

Membrana

fibrosa

14

14

Suture. Sutura.

(stratum fibrosum). Connective tissue layer of

15

Dentate suture. Sutura serrata. Serrated su-

the capsule often reinforced by ligaments.

ture, e. g., the lambdoid suture.

15

40

Synovial membrane. Membrana synovialis

16

Squamous suture. Sutura squamosa, e. g., on

(stratum synoviale). Inner layer of the articular

16

the temporal bone.

capsule comprised of epithelium-like connec-

17

Flat suture. Sutura plana. Bony union produc-

tive tissue cells on loose connective tissue.

ing a smooth surface, e. g., between the zygo-

41

Synovial fold. Plica synovialis. Fold projecting

17

matic bone and the maxilla.

from the capsule into the joint space.

18

Schindylesis. Union between a groove in one

42

Synovial villi. Villi synoviales.

18

bone and a ridge in the other, e. g., between the

43

Synovia. Synovial fluid secreted by the syn-

vomer and the sphenoid bone.

19 CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS. Articulationes car-

ovial membrane of the capsule.

19

44

Articular ligaments. Ligamenta.

tilagineae.

20

Synchondrosis. Bony union by means of hya-

45

Extracapsular ligaments. Ligamenta

extra-

20

capsularia. Ligaments lying outside the capsu-

line cartilage.

lar wall, e. g., the external collateral ligament of

21 Symphysis. Bony union, partly by means of fi-

the knee joint.

21

brocartilage.

46

Capsular

ligaments.

Ligamenta

capsularia.

22

SYNOVIAL JOINTS. Articulationes synoviales.

Reinforcing fibers outside a joint capsule, e. g.,

22

Bony union with an intervening articular cav-

the collateral ligaments of the interphalangeal

ity.

joints.

23

Simple joint. Articulatio simplex. Joint be-

47

Intracapsular ligaments. Ligamenta intra-

23

tween only two bones, e. g., the hip joint.

capsularis. Ligaments located within a joint

24 Composite joint. Articulatio composita (com-

space, e. g., the cruciate ligaments of the knee

24

joint.

plexa). Joint involving more than two bones,

e. g., the wrist joint.

406

General terms

1

Tela subserosa. Connective tissue substrate for

33

Tunica media. Middle layer of a blood vessel

1

the serosal (peritoneal) epithelium.

wall.

2

Parenchyma. The essential functional ele-

34

Valve. Valva. Large flap.

2

ments of an organ.

35

Lymphatic valve. Valvula lymphatica. Valve in

3

Stroma. Supporting connective tissue frame-

lymphatic vessels.

3

work of an organ.

36

Valve of veins. Valvula venosa.

4

Gland. Glandula.

37

Anastomotic vessel. Vas anastomoticum.

4

5

Lobe. Lobus.

38

Capillary. Vas capillare.

6

Lobule. Lobulus.

39

Collateral vessel. Vas collaterale. Vessel form-

5

7

Mucous gland. Glandula mucosa.

ing a shunt.

8

Serous gland. Glandula serosa. Gland that

40

Lymphatic vessel. Vas lymphaticum.

6

secretes watery material.

41

Sinusoid. Vas sinusoideum. Special, thin-

9

Seromucous gland. Glandula seromucosa.

walled vascular segment with a large lumen.

8

10

Angiologia. Study of vessels.

43

Vein. Vena.

11

Arteriovenous

anastomosis.

Anastomosis

44

Accompanying vein. Vena comitans.

arteriolovenularis (arteriovenosa). Direct con-

45 Cutaneous vein. Vena cutanea.

9

nection between an artery and vein.

46 Emissary vein. Vena emissaria. Vein passing

12

Artery. Arteria.

through a foramen of the skull to the outside.

10

13

Nutrient artery. Arteria nutricia (nutriens). An

47 Deep vein. Vena profunda. Vein situated below

artery that supplies tissues with nutrients.

the fascia.

11

14

Arteriole. Arteriola. Small artery directly pre-

48

Superficial vein. Vena superficialis. Cutaneous

ceding a capillary.

vein lying on the fascia of the limbs.

12

15 Arterial circle. Circulus arteriosus. Circle of

49 Venule. Venula. Small vein directly following a

anastomosing arteries.

capillary.

16

Circular connection of vessels. Circulus

50

13

Systema nervo-

vasculosus.

sum centrale. It comprises the brain and spinal

17

Cistern. Cisterna. Dilatation of a lymphatic ves-

cord.

14

sel.

51 Gray matter (nuclei and columns). Substantia

18

Blood. Haema (hema).

grisea [nuclei et columnae]. It consists of an ac-

15

19

Lymph. Lympha.

cumulation of nerve cell bodies and is gray be-

20

Nervi vasorum. Nerves innervating the wall of

cause only a sparse amount of medullary

16

sheath material (myelin) is present in it.

blood vessels.

52

White matter. Substantia alba [tractus et

21

Lymph node.

Nodus lymphaticus

(lym-

fasciculi]. It is present in the tracts and conduc-

17

phonodus).

22

Nodulus

(fol-

tion bundles.

Lymphatic nodule (follicle).

53 Reticular formation. Formatio (substantia) re-

18