390 Skin and its appendages

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SKIN (INTEGUMENT). Integumentum com-

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Papillary layer. Stratum papillare. The delicate

mune. Common integument (skin). The outer

upper layer of the dermis with numerous con-

covering of the body consisting of three layers,

nective tissue papillae connecting it to the

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the epidermis, dermis (corium) and subcutis. In

epidermis. A

the adult it covers an area of about 1.8 square

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Papillae. Conical extensions of connective tissue

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meters.

projecting into the epidermis. They may form

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Cutis. Collective term for epidermis and der-

rows (dermal ridges) or branches and vary

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mis.

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markedly in form and organization. A E

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Sulci of skin. Sulci cutis. Variably sized depres-

Reticular layer. Stratum reticulare. Part of der-

sions or furrows on the surface of the skin, e. g.,

mis adjoining the papillary layer. It consists of

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the nasolabial sulcus,

the deep sulci of

the

more compact, densely interwoven connective

joints, the fine depressions on the smooth areas

tissue. A

of the skin, and the dermal ridges on the palms

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Subcutaneous tissue. Tela subcutanea. Layer of

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and soles. A

subcutaneous fatty tissue compartmentalized

4 Dermal ridges. Cristae cutis. Ridges produced

by fibrous tracts and firmly connected with the

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by the underlying papillae of the corium on the

corium with mobile connections to the fascia. A

thick skin of the palms of the hands and soles of

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Panniculus adiposus. The thicker layer of fat in

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the feet. A

the subcutaneous tissue. A

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Retinacula cutis. Bands of connective tissue

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Terminal nerve corpuscles. Corpuscula nervosa

which attach the skin to the underlying tissue.

terminalia. Collective term for encapsulated

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A

nerve endings.

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Tactile elevations. Toruli tactiles. Skin regions

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End bulbs of Krause (bulboid corpuscles).

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with more abundant fat deposits, e. g., near the

Corpuscula bulboidea. Oval convolutions of

phalanges, thenar and hypothenar eminences.

nerve fibers found especially in the lamina pro-

B

pria of the mucosa. They are considered to be

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7

Coccygeal foveola. [Foveola coccygea]. Pit

cold receptors. E

above the coccyx caused by the caudal reti-

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Lamellated [[Vater-Pacini, pacinian]] cor-

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naculum. C

puscles. Corpuscula lamellosa. Oval bodies, 2−

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Caudal

retinaculum.

Retinaculum

3 mm long, with concentric layers of connective

Connective tissue remains of the embryonic

tissue surrounding an inner core (axon and

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notochord lying between the coccygeal foveola

Schwann cells). They are pressure receptors

and the coccyx. C

found in the subcutaneous fat muscles and

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Epidermis.

Stratified,

keratinized

viscera. A

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Tactile

[[Meissner’s]] corpuscles. Corpuscula

epithelium covering the body. Its thickness var-

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ies from 30 µm to 4 mm or more. A

tactus. These encapsulated sensory organs in the

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Stratum corneum. Most superficial, cornified

connective papilla of the dermis measure about

(keratinized) layer of the epidermis which un-

0.1 mm in length and consist of transversely

oriented tactile cells within a ramified nerve

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dergoes continual desquamation. A

network. A

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Stratum

lucidum.

Located

between

the

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Genital corpuscles. [[Corpuscula genitalia]]. El-

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stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. It is

liptical, encapsulated nerve endings similar to

a homogeneous, strongly refractile layer rich in

the end bulbs of Krause and found abundantly in

eleidin fibers. A

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the clitoris, glans and nipple. E

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Stratum granulosum. It consists of 1−5

cell

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Tactile

menisci

[[Merkel’s discs or cor-

layers

puscles]]. Menisci tractus. Flat group of light

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contains

stongly

refractory

cells with intracellular neurofibrils. They occupy

granules. A

the epithelium. D

13 Stratum spinosum. Prickle cell layer. It consists

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Articular corpuscles. [[Corpuscula

articu-

of polygonal cells

with spinous

laria]]. Modified

pacinian corpuscles

within

which project from their surfaces and contact

joint capsules.

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each other by means of a desmosome. They ap-

pear to bridge over relatively large intercellular

spaces (shrinkage artifact). A

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Stratum basale [cylindricum]. Deepest, cylin-

drical cell layer of the epidermis. Cell prolifera-

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tion occurs here and in the stratum spinosum,

thus ensuring the continual renewal of the

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epidermis. A

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Dermis (corium). The layer of skin consisting of

an intimate network of collagenous and elastic

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fibers rich in nerves and blood vessels and

devoid of fat. A

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Pili. Collective term for any type of hair.

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Lunula. Crescentic, whitish area at the base of

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Lanugo. Fine woolly hair which is distributed

the nail. Its anterior margin corresponds to the

over the entire body, especially in the newborn.

anterior border of the nail-forming tissue. C

2

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Margo occultus. Proximal, posterior margin of a

It usually lacks a medulla.

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Scalp hairs. Capilli.

nail located deep within the nail sinus. D

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Hair papilla. Papilla pili. Connective tissue

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papilla which projects into the bulb-like, dis-

tended lowermost part of the hair root. A

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Hair shaft. Scapus pili. Part of the hair that pro-

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jects out from the skin. A

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Lateral margin. Margo lateralis. Lateral margin

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Mammary gland. Glandula mammaria. Glan-

of nail lying beneath the nail wall. B

dular tissue of female breast. D

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Free margin. Margo liber. Anterior, free margin

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Lateral (axillary) process; axillary tail. Proces-

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of nail. It corresponds to the abrasive or cutting

sus lateralis (axillaris). Glandular process ex-

edge of the nail. B

tending toward the axilla.

wall onto the base of a nail. A

by connective tissue septa. D

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Hyponychium. Epithelium of nail bed located

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Lactiferous ducts. Ductus lactiferi. Excretory

beneath the nail. Its posterior portion in the re-

ducts, 15−20, one from each lobe. They have a di-

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gion of the lunula and nail root form the matrix. A

ameter of 1.7−2.3 mm and open on the nipple. D

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Lactiferous sinus. Sinus lactiferi. Spindle-shaped

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Stratum

corneum unguis. Already cornified

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part of nail. A

dilatation of the lactiferous duct with a diameter

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Stratum germinativum unguis. Layer of nail

of 5−8 mm shortly before opening at the apex of

the nipple. D

bed epithelium still undergoing cell prolifera-

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Areola mammae. Round, pigmented area

tion. A

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[[Retinacula unguis]]. Anchoring tracts of con-

around the nipple with a ring of small, rounded

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papillae produced by the areolar glands. D

nective tissue extending from the nail bed to the

28 Areolar glands (of Montgomery). Glanduale

periosteum of the nail segement. A

areolares. 10−15 apocrine glands in the region of

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Cutaneous glands. Glandulae cutis. Glands aris-

the areola. D

ing from the epidermis and standing in close re-

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Male mammary gland. Mamma masculina.

lationship to the skin.

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Rudimentary mammary gland of the male.

10 Sweat glands. [[Gll. glomiformes]]. Collective

30 Accessory mammary glands. [Mammae acces-

term for the small eccrine sweat glands and the

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soriae]. The acessory mammary glands lying

large apocrine sweat or odoriferous glands.

along the embryonic milk ridge. C

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Eccrine

(merocrine)

sweat (sudoriferous)

31 Suspensory ligaments of breast. Ligg. suspen-

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glands. Gll. sudorifer merocrina (eccrina). Ec-

soria mammaria. Tracts of connective tissue

crine sweat glands, as opposed to the apocrine

from the skin of the breast to the pectoral fascia

sweat glands of the anal, genital and axillary re-

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with which they are united by a thin layer of

gions. E

loose displaceable tissue. D

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Terminal

secretory

part. Portio terminalis.

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Circumanal glands. Gll. circumanales. Large

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apocrine sweat glands grouped around the anus.

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Ceruminous glands. Gll. ceruminosae. Apocrine

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glands that secrete a proteinaceous material

called cerumen (ear wax).

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Sebaceous glands. Gll. sebaceae. Holocrine

glands opening into the hair follicles. F

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Breast. Mamma. It consists of glandular tissue,

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connective tissue tracts and fat. D