Autonomic nervous system

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

1Inferior mesenteric plexus. Plexus mesentericus

1 inferior. Continuation of the abdominal aortic plexus along the inferior mesenteric artery in-

2cluding its branches. D

2Superior rectal plexus. Plexus rectalis superior. Continuation of the inferior mesenteric plexus on

3the superior rectal artery and rectum. It also contains parasympathetic fibers from the inferior hy-

4pograstric plexus. D

3Enteric plexus. Plexus entericus. Collective term for the autonomic plexuses in the wall of the in-

5testinal tract.

4Subserosal plexus. Plexus subserosus. Fine au-

6tonomic plexus located directly beneath the serosa. C

8layers. It contains ganglion cells and regulates the peristaltic action of the intestine. C

6 Submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus. Plexus sub-

9 mucosus [[Meissner]]. Prominent plexus occupying the submucosa. It contains ganglion cells and

10regulates the activity of the muscularis mucosae and villi. C

10 Right/left hypogastric nerve. N. hypogastricus

17dexter/sinister. Right and left branches of the superior hypogastric plexus to the pelvic viscera. They communicate with the inferior hypogastric

18plexus. D E

11 Inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus).

19Plexus hypogastricus inferior (plexus pelvicus). Network of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers located to the right and left of the rectum

20and in front of it. D

12 Middle rectal plexus. Plexus rectalis medius.

21Continuation of the inferior hypogastric plexus onto the wall of the rectum. E

13 Inferior rectal plexus. Plexus rectalis inferior.

22Autonomic nerve plexus located around the branches of the internal iliac artery and passing

23to both sides of the rectum. E

14Prostatic plexus. Plexus prostaticus. Nerve plexus mainly located at the posterior and infe-

24rior surfaces of the prostate and extending as far as the membranous part of the urethra. E

2515 Deferential plexus. Plexus deferentialis. Nerve

plexus around the ductus deferens. E

16 Uterovaginal plexus. Plexus uterovaginalis. Nerve plexus occupying the parametrium and infiltrated with many ganglia. It sends branches to the uterus, vagina, uterine tube and ovary and communicates with the inferior hypogastric plexus in the rectouterine fold. D

17Vaginal nerves. Nervi vaginales. Branches of the uterovaginal plexus passing to the vagina. D

18Vesical plexus. Plexus vesicalis. Plexus situated on both sides of the urinary bladder. It contains parasympatheticfibersandisinvolvedinregulatingthe voiding mechanism of the urinary bladder. E

19Cavernous nerves of penis. Nn. cavernosi penis. Rami from the prostatic plexus to the cavernous bodies of the penis. E

20Cavernous nerves of clitoris. Nn. cavernosi clitoridis. Nerves corresponding to the cavernous nerves of the penis. E

21SYMPATHETIC PART (SYSTEM). Pars sympathetica. Thoracolumbar part of the autonomic nervous system represented in the sympathetic trunk. Excitable by adrenalin (adrenergic), it has a stimulatory effect on the circulation and an inhibitory effect on the intestinal tract.

22Sympathetic trunk. Truncus sympatheticus. Chain of ganglia connected by nerve fibers. It lies to the right and left of the vertebral column and extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx. B

23Ganglia of sympathetic trunk. Ganglia trunci sympathetici. Groups of small, mostly multipolar ganglion cells producing macroscopic thickenings and forming synaptic sites between myelinated preganglionic and nonmyelinated postganglionic fibers. B

24Interganglionic branches. Rami interganglionares. Bundles of white and gray fibers linking the sympathetic ganglia. B

25Rami communicates. Communicating branches (afferent and efferent) between the spinal nerves and sympathetic trunk. B

26Intermediate ganglia. Ganglia intermedia. Additional accumulations of sympathetic ganglion cells mainly in the rami communicantes of the cervical and lumbar regions. B

27Superior cervical ganglion. Ganglion cervicale superius. Uppermost sympathetic trunk ganglion, about 2.5 cm long and lying 2 cm below the base of the skull between the longus capitis and posterior belly of the digastric. A

28Jugular nerve. N. jugularis. Branch to the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve and to the superior ganglion of the vagus. A

29Internal carotid nerve. N. caroticus internus. It contains postganglionic fibers and forms the internal carotid plexus in the carotid canal. A

30Internal carotid plexus. Plexus caroticus internus. Nerve plexus in the carotid canal giving rise to the deep petrosal nerve and branches to the inner ear. It supplies the eye with sympathetic fibers. A

31External carotid nerves. Nn. carotici externi. Nerves for the external carotid plexus descending along the external carotid artery. A

1External carotid plexus. Plexus caroticus exter-

1 nus. Autonomic nerve plexus around the external carotid artery. A

22 Common carotid plexus. Plexus caroticus communis. It surrounds the common carotid artery. A

3 Laryngopharyngeal branches. Rami laryn-

3gopharyngeales. Postganglionic fibers to the pharyngeal plexus. A

5dium. Often very small ganglion of the sympathetic trunk that lies at the level of C6 in front of or behind the inferior thyroid artery. A E

66 Vertebral ganglion. Ganglion vertebrale. Small accessory ganglion usually on the vertebral artery

7Middle cervical cardiac nerve. N. cardiacus cervi-

8calis medius. It passes from the middle cervical ganglion to the deep part of the cardiac plexus. A

8Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion. Ganglion

16thoracici. Rami with efferent and afferent (pain) fibers passing from T2−4(5) thoracic ganglia to the cardiac plexus. A E

1715 a Thoracic plumonary branches. Rami pulmonales

thoracici. Efferent fibers from T2−4 ganglia to the pulmonary plexus at the lung hilum.

18 15 b Esophageal branches. Rami oesophageales. Efferent fibers from T2−5 ganglia.

1916 Greater splanchnic nerve. N. splanchnicus major. It passes from sympathetic trunk ganglia 5−9(10) to the celiac ganglion and contains preand post-

20ganglionic fibers which conduct pain and other sensations from the upper abdominal organs. E

25often arises independently from the T12 ganglion and passes to the renal plexus. E

21Lumbar ganglia. Ganglia lumbalia (lumbaria). The sympathetic ganglia of the lumber vertebral column, usually four on either side. B

22Lumber splanchnic nerves. Nervi splanchnici lumbales (lumbares). Usually four nerves from the lumbar sympathetic trunk forming a plexus on L5. B

23Sacral ganglia. Ganglia sacralia. Four smaller ganglia lying medial to the pelvis sacral foramina. B

24Sacral splanchnic nerves. Nervi splanchnici sacrales. Two to three fine nerves from sacral ganglia 2−4. B

25Ganglion impar. Last unpaired sympathetic trunk ganglion lying in front of the coccyx. B

26PARASYMPATHETIC PART (SYSTEM). Pars parasympathetica. Craniosacral component of the autonomic nervous system involving cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X and sacral spinal nerves 2−4. Antagonistic to the sympathetic division, it slows down the heart beat and stimulates intestinal and sexual functions.

26 a Cranial part. Pars cranialis.

27Terminal nerve. N. terminalis. A slender, partly interwoven nerve of unknown function, but probably autonomic. It unites the olfactory region with the anterior perforated substance. C

28Terminal ganglion. Ganglion terminale. It comprises all of the ganglion cells dispersed in the terminal nerves.

29Ciliary ganglion. Ganglion ciliare. Located lateral to the optic nerve. It receives preganglionic fibers from the oculomotor nerve and gives off postganglionic fibers which constrict the pupil and contract the ciliary muscles during accomodation. D

30Pterygopalatine ganglion. Ganglion pterygopalatinum. Nerve that lies lateral to the sphenopalatine foramen, receives motor fibers from the facial nerve via the nerve of the pterygoid canal and supplies the lacrimal and nasal glands. D

31Otic ganglion. Ganglion oticum. Situated below the foramen ovale and medial to the mandibular nerve. It receives motor fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve via the lesser petrosal nerve and innvervates the parotid gland. D

32Submandibular ganglion. Ganglion submandibulare. Located along the lingual nerve below the mandible. It receives motor fibers from the facial nerve via the chorda tympani and sends efferent fibers to the sublingual and submandibular glands. D

33Sublingual ganglion. Ganglion sublinguale. Small accumulations of cells occasionally present on the glandular branches.

33 a Pelvic part (Pars pelvica). Sacral part of parasympathetic division.

34Pelvic splanchnic nerves. Nn. pelvici splanchnici (nn. erigentes). Parasympathetic fibers from S2−4 spinal nerves to the pelvic ganglia for the pelvic and genital organs. They also contain afferent fibers. B

35Pelvic ganglia. Ganglia pelvica. Groups of autonomic cells in the inferior hypogastric plexus. They give rise to the postganglionic axons. See p. 351 E