- •Theme “Great Britain: Introduction”
- •Theme “Great Britain: Introduction” Part 1
- •Introduction
- •Theme “Great Britain: Introduction” Part 2
- •Additional Material
- •Theme “Physical Face, Rivers and Lakes”
- •Theme “Flora and Fauna”
- •Theme “Climate and Weather”
- •Theme “Mineral Resources”
- •Tests Geographical position of the uk
- •Choose the right variant.
- •Match the name of the mountains and its highest peak.
- •Give short answers to the questions.
- •Social system:
- •Theme “History of the British Isles” Part 2 Roman Invasion
- •Theme “History of the British Isles” Part 3 Anglo-Saxon Invasion
- •Linguistic traces:
- •Theme “History of the British Isles” Part 4
- •Vikings' Raids
- •Theme “History of the British Isles” Part 5 Norman Conquest
- •Theme “History of the British Isles” Part 6 Great Britain: Unification of England, Wales and Scotland. Colonisation of Ireland.
- •Ireland:
- •Theme “Modern Population of the uk: Ethnic Composition, National and Linguistic Differences”
- •Immigration:
- •Additional Material Text for Reading and Discussion The importance of not being English
- •S cotland
- •Tasks to the text
- •Tests The history of the British Isles
- •Test II
- •1. Choose the right variant.(10 points)
- •2. True or false? Correct the false sentences(20 points)
- •3. Give short answers to the questions .(20 points)
- •4. Write a short summary on one of the following topics.(20 points)
- •Theme “British People” Part 2 Meals. Food
- •Theme “British People” Part 3 Customs and Traditions
- •Theme “British People” Part 4 Holidays:
- •Tests Traditions and customs of the British
- •Theme “Commonwealth of Nations”
- •1. History of the Commonwealth
- •2. Present-day Commonwealth
- •Structure of the Commonwealth
- •4. Commonwealth Organisations
- •Theme “State System of the u.K.” Part2 British Constitution
- •U nwritten Constitution
- •Theme “State System of the u.K.” Part 3 British Parliament: History, Composition and Functions
- •P arliament
- •Theme “State System of the u.K.” Part 4 Procedure of Passing a Bill in British Parliament
- •Theme “State System of the u.K.” Part 5 British Government
- •Theme “State System of the u.K.” Part 6 Political Parties in the u.K.
- •Theme “State System of the u.K.” Part 7 Electoral System in the u.K.
- •Theme “State System of the u.K.” Part 8 Devolution in Britain
- •The Political System of Great Britain
- •Political System of Great Britain.
- •Theme “The British Educational System” Part 2 Nursery and Primary Education
- •Theme “The British Educational System” Part 3 Secondary School
- •Theme “The British Educational System” Part 4
- •Independent (Public) Schools
- •Theme “The British Educational System” Part 5 Post-school and Higher Education
- •The Educational System of Great Britain.
- •Today state schools are divided into following types:
- •Public schools.
- •Higher and Further Education In Great Britain
- •Reading comprehension check
- •Assignments
- •Additional Material
- •The British Economy.
- •The north-south divide
- •British Transport.
- •Additional Material The British Media: The Press, Radio and Television.
- •Introduction
- •Say if the sentences are true or false.
- •Answer the questions
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Show on the map/ describe the position of the following geographical names.
- •Points for discussion
- •The relief.
- •Say if the sentences are true or false.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Flaura and Fauna.
- •Climate and weather in the uk.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Points for discussion
- •Cards for speaking
- •Mineral resources in the uk.
- •Say if the sentences are true or false.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Guess the mineral resource according to the description.
- •The history of the British Isles
- •Iberians, Celts. Roman invasion. Anglo-Saxon invasion.
- •Say if the sentences are true or false.
- •Match the tribe with the influence they had. Put c- Celts, a – Anglo-Saxons, r – Romans.
- •Put the following events in the chronological order
- •Answer the following questions
- •Complete the sentences.
- •What happened at this time?
- •Population. Linguistic differences.
- •Say if the sentences are true or false.
- •Answer the questions
- •The Danes, the Normans. Formation of the uk
- •Say if the sentences are true or false.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the sentences
- •Traditions and customs of the British Holidays of the British.
- •Political and state system in the uk. The Development of the State system in the uk.
- •2. Match the events with the times and ages.
- •The Queen of England. State system of the uk.
- •Complete the sentences.
Theme “History of the British Isles” Part 3 Anglo-Saxon Invasion
5th c. A.D. (430) - the Germanic tribes started to arrive to Britain. The were 3 powerful tribes that came in 3 waves:
Wave |
1st |
2nd |
3rd |
||||
Tribe |
Jutes or/and Frisians |
Saxons |
Angles |
||||
Place of Origin |
Northern Denmark or Scandinavia/the Netherlands |
Germany |
Southern Denmark |
||||
Place of Settlement |
Kent, Isle of Wight |
Sussex |
Essex |
Wessex |
East Anglia |
Mercia |
Northumbria |
These Germanic tribes pushed the Celts to Cornwall, Wales, Scotland and Ireland.
The 3 tribes were very close in speech, customs and traditions and gradually merged into one nation called the Anglo-Saxons.
The first historian who started to record the history of the Germanic tribes on the British Isles and is considered to be the first English historian is Bede the Venerable, an English monk, who wrote "The Ecclesiastical History of the English People".
Anglo-Saxon Life:
The Anglo-Saxons proved to be good farmers. They introduced a more advanced plough than the Celts had. They cut down forests and drained the wet lands to make then more suitable for farming.
Kingdom
Wessex (9th c.)
Mercia (8th c.)
Northumbria (8th c.)
King
Alfred the Great (871-899)
Offa (757-796)
-
Description
• flourishing of culture and learning;
• Alfred translated himself from Latin into West Saxon the books in geography, history and philosophy;
• Alfred started to write "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle";
• Alfred founded the English Fleet.
• Offa was a wise king and a warrior;
• Offa promoted trade (there were found a lot of ancient coins with his image on them);
• Offa built an earth wall called Offa's Dyke along the border with Wales to keep out the troublesome Celts.
• Northumbria was the centre of the English culture in the 8th c.
• Probably Beowulf (a famous Anglo-Saxon epic) was written in Northumbrian and then copied in West Saxon.
The Anglo-Saxons established a number of kingdoms that are still used today as county names (Essex, Wessex, Sussex, East Anglia, Mercia, etc.) These kingdoms fought with the Celtic ones (e.g. the famous legend of the Celtic king Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table (see details in "How do you do, Britain?" by D.D. Kozikis, Unit 29, p.202). The most powerful kingdoms were:
Government:
The Anglo-Saxons created the institutions that made the English state strong for the next 500 years:
Witan - a body of senior warriors and churchmen to whom a king would turn for advice or support. This group of people was a formal institution that issued laws and charters and even had the right to choose kings, so their support was very important (today the Queen still has the Privy Council - a group of experts in different fields that help the monarch to deal with difficult issues);
The Anglo-Saxons divided the land into new administrative areas - "shires" (Saxon word) (=counties Norman word). In each shire there was an appointed local administrator - "shire reeve" (later shortened to sheriff (today this word has the meaning of the head of a local police department in the USA). Shires were further subdivided into "hundreds", and hundreds - into villages. Each hundred had a "manor" (town-hall). The local officials were called "alderman" (today this word has the meaning of an elected officer in a local government in the USA) that also acted as judges. In the "manors" the taxes were paid, the justice was administered and the Anglo-Saxon army ("fyrd") was assembled;
The Anglo-Saxons class system was as follows:
kings;
lords;
soldiers;
workers.
5. The Anglo-Saxons helped to spread Christianity.
Nobody knows how Christianity first reached Britain but the Celts were already Christians when the Anglo-Saxons came. Some scientists say that the Celts were converted to Christianity by the Romans but other sustain that the Celts became Christians well before Christianity was accepted by the Roman Emperor Constantine.
Anyway, the official date of the adoption of Christianity in England is 597, when Pope Gregory the Great sent a monk called Augustine to England and he established the centre of Christianity and religion in Canterbury (the capital of Kent, because the wife of the king of Kent was from Europe and already a Christian; Canterbury is still the principle religious centre of the UK).
There were 2 religious forces working together to spread Christianity in the British Isles:
The Celtic Christian Church - brought Christianity to common people/villagers;
The Roman Catholic Church - worked with the upper classes of society, gave support to kings (the power of a king who got the God's Approval was unquestionable) and kings supported the church (the church became one of the major powers of the country).
The consequences of the adoption of Christianity in England:
unification of the country;
promotion of learning and culture ("minsters" (=monasteries) opened schools, monks worked as scribes and rewrote books, etc.).