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4. Commonwealth Organisations

  1. The Commonwealth Federation - supports non-governmental organisations, professional associations and cultural activities through grants and programmes.

  2. The Commonwealth Institute - works with young people so that they grow up inquisitive about other cultures as well as their own, at ease with diversity and confident as global citizens.

  3. The Commonwealth Games Federation - helps to organise the Commonwealth Games that are held every 4 years.

  4. The Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation - helps to promote business, social and economic development in the developing countries.

  5. The Commonwealth Trade Union Council - links trade unions around the world and promotes international labour standards.

H/w:

Chapter 4 in "British Studies" by D. D. Kozikis, G. I. Medvedev, only p. 50-51.

Theme “State System of the U.K.”

Plan:

  1. Monarchy and its Role in the Present-day U.K.

  2. British Constitution

  3. British Parliament: History, Composition and Functions

  4. Procedure of Passing a Bill in British Parliament

  5. British Government

  6. Political Parties in the U.K.

  7. Electoral System in the U.K.

  8. Devolution in Britain

Theme “State System of the U.K.”

Part 1.

Monarchy and its Role in Present-day U.K.

The U.K. is a constitutional monarchy. In reality the monarch reigns but does not rule. As a constitutional monarch Queen Elizabeth the Second acts on advice of Her Prime Minister and does not make any major political decisions. The U.K. is actually governed by Her Majesty's Government in the name of the Queen.

The Queen is the symbol of the national unity and stability. She personifies the state and has a lot of titles. She is:

  • The Head of the State

  • The Head of the Executive

  • The Head of the Legislature

  • The Head of the Judiciary

  • The Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the UK

  • The Head of the Anglican Church;

  • The Head of the Commonwealth.

Although the Queen is deprived of actual power, she has retained many important, though formal, functions. She:

  • summons and dissolves Parliament;

  • gives Her Royal Assent to Bills passed by both Houses of Parliament;

  • appoints the Prime Minister (usually the leader of the political party that has the majority in the House of Commons, i.e. the leader of the party that came first at General Elections), other ministers (on Prime Minister's advice), judges, officials in the armed forces, governors, diplomatic representatives and bishops;

  • confers peerages, knighthoods and other honours;

  • gives audience to Her Ministers;

  • receives accounts of the Cabinet decisions and is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life;

  • has the power to declare war, make peace, recognise foreign states and governments, conclude treaties

Future of the Monarchy

Today the British monarchy is one of the greatest tourist attractions. The Queen herself remains popular in the country, but various martial problems in her family have lowered the prestige of royalty.Antimonarchists underline also the high cost of the monarchy. The Queen is one of the richest women of the world. "The Civil List' is the money she and some other members of her family get from Parliament each year (through a special tax) so that they can carry out their public duties.

Certain steps are being taken to protect and preserve the monarchy. One of them is "The Way Ahead Committee". It consists of the Queen, Prince Philip, Prince Charles and some of the top-ranking advisors. It is supposed to help the monarchy to remain in tune with modern life. The Queen realises that the monarchy needs some changes =>:

• proposal to end the primogeniture;

• proposal to lift the ban for heirs to the throne to marry Roman Catholics, etc.

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