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BRITISH STUDIES for students.doc
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Today state schools are divided into following types:

Grammar schools. Children who go to grammar schools are usually those who show a preference for academic subjects, although many grammar schools now also have some technical courses.

Technical schools. Some pupils go to technical schools. Most courses there are either commercial or technical.

Modern schools. Boys and girls who are interested in working with their hands and learning in a practical way can go to a technical school and learn some trade.

Comprehensive school.These schools usually combine all types of secondary education.

Comprehensive schools want to develop the talents of each individual child. So they offer a wide choice of subjects, from art craft, woodwork and domestic science to the sciences, modern languages, computer studies, etc. All these subjects are enjoyed by both girls and boys.

Pupils in comprehensive schools are quite often put into ‘sets’ for the more academic subjects such as mathematics or languages. Sets are formed according to ability in each subject, so that for example the children in the highest set for maths will not necessarily be in the highest set for French. All pupils move to the next class automatically at the end of the year.

Public schools.

Private education in public schools still play a very important part in British society. Only a small proportion of children attend these schools but their influence permeates through (распространяется на) all the institutions that exercise power in the country. It is argued that parents must have freedom to choose the education they want for their children and pay for it if necessary. But in Britain today parents who buy a place in a private school are buying a ticket to success.

Independent schools are private schools, which charge fees for educating children. They range from small kindergartens to full day and boarding schools and from new experimental schools to ancient foundations. Around 550 independent schools for pupils aged 11 to 19 are commonly known as ‘public’ schools although they receive no state funding.

The public schools are the most famous of the private secondary schools. The oldest of the public schools (Eton College dates from 1440) were founded to give free education to clever boys and girls whose parents could not afford to educate them privately. They were under ‘public’ management and control and were called ‘public schools’ to distinguish them from small private schools run by individuals. Today, these schools are the most expensive of the independent schools in Britain. They are mostly boarding schools, where pupils live as well as study, though some of them also take some day-pupils.

Normally, entrance is by examination and state schools do not prepare children for this. So parents, who wish to send their children to a public school, often send them first to a preparatory school. Preparatory schools are small, private primary schools which prepare children for school examinations. Many of Britain’s public schools have gained a reputation for their high academic standards as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery.

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