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BRITISH STUDIES for students.doc
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Theme “Climate and Weather”

Weather - a state of atmosphere over a short period of time.

Climate - average weather conditions over a long period of time.

The weather in the British Isles is changeable (due to the vicinity of the sea), the seasonal contrasts are very small.

The climate of the British Isles is mild all through the year, there is little sunshine and a lot of rain.

Reasons for Such Type of Climate:

  1. The Gulf Stream (the North Atlantic warm current);

  2. The Continental Shelf (shallow water gets warm during the day and never gets too cold during the night).

Winds:

  1. West winds - moist winds, bring a lot of rain.

  2. North and North-West winds - bring heavy snowfalls.

  3. Continental East winds - bring warm and dry air in summer and cold weather in winter.

Rainfall:

The Permines get the majority of the rainfall.

Average annual rainfall - 1100mm, in the west - 2000mm, in the east - 700mm. The driest months - March - June, the wettest - October - January.

Temperatures:

Winters are never too cold, summers are never too hot.

The warmest months - July and August, the coldest - January and February.

Season

Average Temperature

Normal Temperature

winter

+3 - +5 °C

-10 °C

summer

+12 - +17°C

+25 - +30 °C

Theme “Mineral Resources”

The UK used to be a country of considerable amount of mineral resources (coal, iron ore, copper, lead, tin, etc.) but in the course of the last hundred years most of the deposits have been worked out. At the present moment the UK imports lots of raw materials (iron, zink, nickel, chrome, copper, etc.) forest and half of its food.

Маjor Resources:

  1. Coal (not as important now as it was before, it is replaced by oil and uranium) - was used as a fuel. Deposits: Yorkshire, Lancashire, Newcastle, Central Scotland (Glasgow) and Southern Wales (the Cambrian Mountains).

  2. Oil and Gas - usually occur together; are used as fuel and in chemical industry. Oil and natural gas were discovered in the 1950s on the Shelf in the North Sea. Since then many platforms have been built in the North Sea to take oil and natural gas ashore through the submarine pipelines.

  3. Iron Ore - usually found in the areas of major coal basins.

  4. Non-metallic Minerals:

  • Common Rocks/Granite - used in house-building and road-making; deposits - Devon, Cornwall;

  • Clay – used for the production of bricks;

  • Chalk - used in cement industry; deposits - the Thames, the Humber;

  • Salt - used for the production of chemicals, textile, in soap-making;

  • Sand and Gravel - found in the north of England and in Central Scotland.

H/w:

  1. Units 1-5 in "How do you do, Britain?" by L. S Baranovski, D. D. Kozikis.

  2. Chapter 1 in "British Studies" by D. D. Kozikis, G. I. Medvedev.

  3. Topics for reports:

  • The Channel Tunnel;

  • The Giant's Causeway;

  • The Isle of Man (other islands);

  • Loch Ness;

  • Stonehenge.

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