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Vladimir Vernadsky 35

Before you listen 36

Task 37

Before you read 38

Cells 38

Before you listen 39

Before you read 40

Gregor Mendel 40

Before ...you listen 43

Task 44

Units 1 to 4 46

Before you read 48

The discovery of the structure and function of DNA 48

Before you listen 50

Before you read 51

Cloning 51

Before you listen 52

Before you read 54

Chemistry 54

Before you listen 55

Before you read 56

Chemistry today 56

Before you listen 57

Task 58

A part of an atom which has The atom 59

Before you listen 60

Before you read 60

Robert Boyle 61

Before you listen 62

Task 63

Before you read 64

The Law of Conservation of Mass 64

Before you listen 65

Before you read 65

Antoine Lavoisier 66

Before you listen 67

Task 68

Units 5 to 8 70

Before you read 73

The periodicity of elements 74

Before you listen 76

Before you read 77

Dmitri Mendeleev 78

Before you listen 79

Task 80

Before you read 81

Chemical kinetics 81

Before you listen 84

Before you read 84

Nikolay Semyonov 85

Before you listen 88

Task 89

Before you read 90

Physics 90

Before you listen 91

Before you read 92

Physics - the new science fiction 92

Before you listen 93

Task 94

Before you read 95

Electricity and magnetism 95

Before you listen 96

Before you read 97

Michael Faraday 97

Before you listen 98

Task 99

Units 9 to 12 100

Before you read 104

The Law of Universal Gravitation 104

Before you listen 108

Before you read 110

Isaac Newton 110

Before you listen 114

Task 115

Before you read 116

Quantum mechanics 116

Before you listen 117

Niels Bohr 118

Before you listen 119

Task 120

Before you read 120

The General Theory of Relativity 121

Before you listen 122

Before you read 123

Albert Einstein 123

Before you listen 124

Task 125

Before you read 126

Mathematics 126

Before you listen 127

Mathematics 128

Units 13 to 16 131

У n it 139

Units 17 to 21 204

Translation Work 207

Glossary 217

  1. The chemical make-up of an element T □ depends on the outer shell.

Before you listen

Discuss these questions with your partner.

Are chemical experiments interesting? Why? Which kind do you enjoy the most?

Do you know the English names for any laboratory equipment?

H С Listening Щ)

Listen to the conversation between a Chemistry teacher and a class of students. Then listen again and choose the best answer A, В or C.

  1. To ensure safety in a lab students should

A have short hair.

В wear special shoes.

С protect their clothes and eyes.

  1. If somebody spills a chemical on their skin, they A will definitely need a first aid kit.

В should place it under cold, running water. С should use the emergency cupboard.

  1. Check chemical labels twice because A it’s easy to choose the wrong one.

В the names are basically numbers.

С the formulae depend on letters.

  1. Dangerous substances

A are only bases and acids.

В can burn you.

С are easier to spill.

  1. Another rule in the lab is

A avoid running unless necessary.

В the teacher must present all experiments alone.

С clean and tidy up at the end of class.

Before you read

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