Vocabulary work

1. Find English equivalents to these word combinations

p.1-3

1. общественные связи, отношения;

2. основные директивы, руководящие указания;

3. накладывать обязательства;

4. излагать , объяснять направление политики;

5. увеличение, прирастание новых норм;

6. острая необходимость;

7. твердо придерживаться определенных правил игры;

8. кроме того, к тому же;

9. тщательное исследование юридических стандартов;

10. подход невмешательства;

11. согласно этому подходу;

12. неограниченная свобода;

13. удовлетворять требования;

14. безоговорочное согласие;

15. широкие полномочия;

16. исполнение публичных функций;

17. выполнять принудительные действия;

18. принимать предупредительные меры;

19. принимать меры принуждения;

20. проведение внешней политики;

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21. принцип невмешательства

22. исполнять некоторые виды деятельности;

23. запрещать вторгаться;

24. посягать на внутренние дела;

25. воздержаться от подстрекательства;

26. действия, наносящие вред зарубежным странам;

27. экономическое принуждение, насилие;

28. насильственный;

29. урегулировать международные споры мирным путем;

30. прибегать к переговорам;

31. спорящие стороны;

32. принудить противоположную сторону достичь мирного урегулирования спора;

33. самоопределение народов;

34. быть закрепленным;

35. проливать свет на;

36. подчиняться;

37. объявить вне закона экономическое насилие;

2. Find words and expressions similar in their meaning to the following ones

p.1-3

1. social relations, links;

2. to come into being, to appear, to emerge;

3. increase, expansion;

4. research, investigation;

5. in brief;

6. to result in, to cause;

7. to announce;

8. political point of view;

9. to break down;

10. to encompass;

11. to result from;

12. behaviour;

13. to perform public actions;

14. to be based on;

p.3-5

15. to imperil;

16. to intrude;

17. to force;

18. to turn to;

19. to ban;

20. to obey;

21. harmful;

22. to state as a necessary condition;

23. logical outcome, consequence;

24. to choose

25. prescribe.

3. Complete the sentences below with the words and phrases you have found in task II.

p.1-3

1. Moreover, if states __________ new situations by force, the law gives its blessing to these situations.

2. Numerous new members joined the world community whose ___________ _______ differed from that of older states.

3. The fundamental principles regulating ________________ are laid down in written constitutions of most states.

4. When this community ________________, no member state had enough power to impose standards of behavior on all other members.

5. After ______________ of the Soviet Union and most other socialist countries, states are divided economically and politically.

6. Close _________ of the legal standards shows that states substantially acted upon at least three postulates: freedom, equality and effectiveness.

7. As the principle ___________ two logically distinct notions, it makes sense to consider them separately.

8. The judiciary should not interfere with the ________ foreign

policy.

9. The three postulates are clearly the synthesis of what could be ________ defined as the “laissez – faire” approach of classical international law.

10. The adoption of the UN charter in 1945 __________ a very significant change.

p.3-5

11. Another rule _________ states from ____________ the international affairs of other states.

12. One of the purposes of peaceful counter-measures may be ________ the counter party to reach an amicable settlement of the dispute.

13. In the UN “collective” sanctions may be ___________ which tend to be more effective than individual (peaceful) counter measures.

14. Peoples under colonial domination have the right to external self-determination, that is to ________ for the establishment of a sovereign state…

15. International subjects must ______________ the principles of International Law.

16. One state may not _________ a foreign State agent to discharge certain activities or accomplish a certain act.

4. Complete these sentences with prepositions.

p.1-3

1. Most states have written constitutions that lay _________the fundamental principles regulating social intercourse.

2. When this community came ______ existence, no state set _____ any fundamental principles _____ regulating international dealings.

3. No general, overarching principle was agreed _______.

4. In spite of the great impact _____ the Charter principles _____ the evolution of the international community, it gradually emerged ______ the 1960s that they were too loose.

5. They make ____ the apex ____ the whole body of international legislation.

6. Acts performed ____ state officials ___ international relations must be imputed not _____ the individuals acting ___ behalf __ the state, but to the State itself.

7. Legal equality implies that no member ___ the international community can be placed _____ a disadvantage: all must be treated ______ the same footing.

8. A State may not exercise its sovereign powers ______, or otherwise interfere ______, actions legally performed ____ foreign states _______ its territory.

9. A state may not carry ______ the following act: submit ____ the jurisdiction _____ their courts foreign states ____ acts performed ____ their sovereign capacity.

10. Measures ____ constraint may be taken _______ property or assets destined ____ a private function.

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11. One of the specific customary rules prohibits a state ____ interfering ____ the internal organization ____ a foreign state.

12. One may wonder whether international law bans the resort ____ powerful States ____ more subtle forms ____ undue interference.

13. Respect ____ human rights derives its most solid guarantee ___ the UN system.

14. The same right accrues ____ peoples subjected ____ foreign military occupation, _____ their obtaining or recovering independence.

5. Use these nouns and verbs in sentences of your own, mind the stress.

Verb	Noun
to import	‘import (зд. значительность, важность)
to conduct	‘conduct
to increase	‘increase
to impact (прочно укреплять)	‘impact
to subject	‘subject

6. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of ‘subject’

Subject (n) - [‘s∧bdʒikt]-1.предмет; 2.субъект

To be subject to (a)-1.быть подверженным; 2.подвергаться, подлежать

To subject (v) to [sәb’dʒekt]--1.подчинять; 2.подвергать

1. The same right accrues to people subjected to foreign military occupation, after their obtaining or recovering independence.

2. Some racial groups have been subject to discrimination in being denied equal access to government.

3. International subjects must comply with principles governing International relations.