- •International Law.
- •Unit 1. The main legal features of the international community
- •Introduction
- •The nature of international legal subjects
- •Traditional and new subjects
- •Vocabulary work
- •I. Find English equivalents to these word combinations
- •Grammar revision
- •IV. Translate these sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words.
- •Speaking
- •V. Answer the questions, using the information from the text
- •Insurgents
- •National liberation movements
- •VI. Find answers to the questions.
- •VIII. Render the text “Что понимается под субъектом международного права”into English.
- •IX. Using the diagram speak on the International Legal Subjects
- •Immunities and other limitations on sovereignty
- •Rights and immunities of foreign states
- •Non-intervention in the internal or external affairs of other states general
- •New forms of intervention
- •Prohibition of the threat or use of force
- •Peaceful settlement of disputes
- •Sovereignty
- •Legal equality
- •Self-determination of peoples
- •Vocabulary work
- •Grammar revision
- •Speaking.
- •Immunities of diplomatic agents
- •What are the two classes of privileges and immunities which diplomatic agents enjoy?
- •Immunities of consular agents
- •International Law - Antonio Cassese
- •New trends
- •The role of usus and opinio in international humanitarian law
- •Do customary rules need, at their birth, the support of all states?
- •Treaties
- •Interpretation
- •Codification
- •The introduction of jus cogens in the 1960s the emergence of jus cogens.
- •The effects of jus cogens
- •Vocabulary work.
- •II. Match the words making pairs used in the text, and use them in sentences of your own.
- •III. Match these Latin words with their definitions.
- •IV. Match the synonyms and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •Grammar revision.
- •V. Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words.
- •Speaking
- •VI. Continue the sentences, using the phrases, given below.
- •VII. Answer the questions using the information from the text.
- •VIII. Complete diagrams a and b with the words and phrases given below. Then using these diagrams retell this part of the text “International Lawmaking.”(Custom and Treaties).
- •IX. Working in pairs make up one more diagram covering such parts of the text as “Codification” or “Jus Cogens. Other Law-Creating processes.”
- •X. Read the text and answer the questions.
- •International lawmaking: other law-creating processes (part I)
- •XI. Read the text and decide whether the statements are true or false.
- •International lawmaking: other law-creating processes (part II)
- •XII. Render the text into English.
- •International Law, Antonio Cassese
- •Unit 4. State responsibility
- •1 The current regulation of state responsibility: an overview
- •2 'Ordinary' state responsibility
- •3 'Aggravated' state responsibility
- •Vocabulary work
- •I. Give the English equivalents of the following word combinations
- •II. Match these words making pairs used in the text
- •III. Complete the sentences with prepositions
- •IV. Choose the right word
- •I. Translate into Russian the sentences
- •II. Give extensive answers to the questions making use of the following expressions
- •III. Summarizing
- •IV. Render the text into English ответственность в международном праве Что понимается под международно-правовой ответственностью и когда она наступает?
- •Несут ли субъекты международного права международно-правовую ответственность за деяния своих органов и должностных лиц?
- •Unit 5. Legal attemps at narrowing the north-south gap
- •1 The action of the world community: general
- •2 The role of international economic institutions
- •Vocabulary work
- •I. Give the English equivalents of the following word combinations
- •II. Match the words making pairs used in the text
- •III. Complete the sentences with prepositions
- •IV. Choose the right word
- •I. Translate from English into Russian
- •I. Match the parts of the sentences
- •II. Give extensive answers to the questions making use of the following expressions
- •1 Multilateral co-operation for development
- •Unit 6. The implementation of international rules within national systems relationship between international and national law
- •Modalities of implementation
- •Vocabulary work
- •I. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations
- •IV. Analyse the meanings of the words. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct word in each case.
- •I. The formal subject expressed by ‘it’. Translate into Russian the sentences with impersonal ‘it’.
- •II. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined word combinations.
- •I. Decide whether these statements are true or false. Discuss the answers in groups.
- •III. Summarizing.Write the plan of the text in the form of statements. Develop your plan into a summary.
- •IV. Render the text into English using the active vocabulary
- •Supplementary reading the rank of international rules within domestic legal orders
- •I. Comment on the diagram. Make use of the helpful phrases.
- •Trends emerging among the legal systems of states
- •1. Modalities of implementation
- •2. The rank of international rules, within domestic legal orders
- •Exigencies motivating states in their choice of the
- •Incorporation system
- •Techniques of implementation
- •Treaty law
- •I. Analyse the ways of implementing rules within the frame of international public law using the given phrases. Complete the missing information on the mind map.
- •Techniques of implimentation
- •Information for reports, presentations, discussions:
Traditional and new subjects
National systems encompass very many legal subjects: citizens, foreigners residing in the territory of the State, corporate bodies, and State institutions (if endowed with legal personality). In contrast, only a limited number of legal persons, that is, holders of international rights, powers, and obligations, make up the international community. The fundamental or primary subjects are States. They are paramount because they are the international entities which, besides controlling territory in a stable and permanent way, exercise the principal lawmaking and executive 'functions' proper of any legal order. All other subjects either exercise effective authority over territory for a limited period of time only, or have no territorial basis whatsoever. States, therefore, are the backbone of the community. They possess full legal capacity, that is, the ability to be vested with rights, powers, and obligations. Were they to disappear, the present international community would either fall apart or change radically. For historical reasons, there are at present about two hundred States, including a few mini-States. In principle, all States are equal. However, one particular class - a handful of States with strong economic and military systems - holds authority in the international community.
There is another category of international subjects, namely insurgents, who come into being through their struggle against the State to which they formerly belonged. They are born from a wound in the body of a particular State, and are therefore not easily accepted by the international community unless they can prove that they exercise some of the sovereign rights typical of States. They assert themselves by force, and acquire international status proportionate to their power and authority. However, their existence is by definition provisional: they either win and turn into fully fledged States or are defeated and disappear.
In the twentieth century, and increasingly after the Second World War, other poles of interest and activity have gained international status. They are: international organizations, individuals, and national liberation movements (i.e. some categories of peoples possessed of a representative organization). The emergence of these relatively 'new' subjects is a distinct feature of modern international law.
Unlike States, all the other international subjects just mentioned, on account of their inherent characteristics (e.g. lack of territorial authority, etc.) possess a limited legal capacity. In particular, they have a limited capacity to be vested with international rights and powers or to be under international obligations, or a limited capacity to act, that is, to put into effect their rights and powers in judicial and other proceedings, or to enforce their rights.
Vocabulary work
I. Find English equivalents to these word combinations
в рамках национального правопорядка;
повлечь (за собой) серьезное неправильное толкование влияния права;
самостоятельные правовые единицы, субъекты права, юридические лица;
обладать властью;
приводить к чему-либо;
быть наделенным чем-либо;
иметь действительную власть над чем-либо;
терпеть страдания, лишения;
осуществлять законотворчество;
быть облеченным властью, правами;
отстаивать свои права силой;
право (дее) способность;
право - субъектность;
принудительно осуществлять права;
появление этих относительно «новых» субъектов.
Complete these sentences with prepositions.
1. Each legal system is assumed to be modelled ___________state law, or ___________ least strongly resemble it.
2. Most of the rules of international law aim __________regulating the behavior of states.
3. Unlike states, all other international subjects have a limited capacity to be vested_________ international rights and powers.
4. Holders of international rights, powers and obligations make _______ the international community.
5. Unlike states, all other international subjects __________ account of their inherent characteristics possess a limited legal capacity.
6. Insurgents assert themselves ________force, and acquire international status proportionate ________ their power and authority.
7. The possible suppression of secondary subjects such as public corporations, private associations would not result _________ the demise of the whole legal system.
8. _________ states individuals are the principle legal subjects.
9. Insurgents come into being _________ their struggle _______ the state, to which they formerly belonged.
10. _________ historical reasons, there are _________ present about two hundred states, including a few mini-states.
Match the words making pairs used in the text and use them in sentences of your own.
1. crucial |
a. links |
2. legal |
b. associations |
3. public |
c. entities |
4. world |
d. persons |
5. international |
e. way |
6. economic |
f. feature |
7. stable |
g. fact |
8. stateless |
h. community |
9. distinct |
i. obligations |
10. private |
j. corporations |
11. salient |
k. beings |
12. human |
l. number |
13. limited |
m. rights |
14. sovereign |
n. feature |
15. judicial |
o. proceedings |