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23. Read the text and match paragraphs a-f with the main ideas 1-7.

1) Awards.

2) Reputation.

3) Collaborations.

4) Early career.

5) Recurring themes.

6) Notable works.

A James Francis Cameron (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian film director, film producer, deep-sea explorer, screenwriter, visual artist and editor. His writing and directing work includes The Terminator (1984), Aliens (1986), The Abyss (1989), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), True Lies (1994), Titanic (1997), Dark Angel (2000–02), and Avatar (2009). In the time between making Titanic and Avatar, Cameron spent several years creating many documentary films, specifically underwater documentaries.

B Cameron’s films have recurring themes and subtexts which include the conflicts between humanity and technology, the dangers of corporate greed, strong female characters, and a strong romance subplot. In almost all films, the main characters usually get into dramatic crisis situations with significant threats to their own life or even the threat of an impending apocalypse.

C While continuing to educate himself in film-making techniques, Cameron started working as a miniature-model maker at Roger Corman Studios. Making low-budget productions taught Cameron to work efficiently and effectively. He soon found employment as an art director in the sci-fi movie Battle Beyond the Stars (1980). He did special effects work design and direction on John Carpenter’s Escape from New York (1981), acted as production designer on Galaxy of Terror (1981), and consulted on the design of Android (1982).

D He has been nominated for six Academy Awards overall and won three for Titanic. In total, Cameron’s directorial efforts have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America and US$6 billion worldwide. Not adjusted for inflation, Cameron's Titanic and Avatar are the two highest-grossing films of all time at $2.16 billion and $2.78 billion respectively. In March 2011 he was named Hollywood’s top earner by Vanity Fair, with estimated 2010 earnings of $257 million. Cameron received the Bradbury Award from the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 1991 but, being primarily thought of as a genre filmmaker, he did not receive any major mainstream filmmaking awards prior to Titanic. With Titanic, Cameron received Academy Awards for Best Film Editing, Best Picture and Best Director. He also won a Golden Globe Award for Best Director for the film. With Avatar, Cameron has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Film Editing and received the Golden Globe for Best Picture and Best Director. In a list compiled by the British magazine New Statesman in September 2010, he was listed 30th in the list of “The World’s 50 Most Influential Figures 2010”.

E Cameron often casts certain actors more than once in his films. Cameron has consistently worked with Bill Paxton, Michael Biehn, Lance Henriksen, Jenette Goldstein and Arnold Schwarzenegger.

F Cameron has been labeled by one collaborator, author Orson Scott Card, as selfish and cruel. When asked about working with Cameron on the novelization of The Abyss, Card said the experience was “hell on wheels. He was very nice to me, because I could afford to walk away. But he made everyone around him miserable, and his unkindness did nothing to improve the film in any way. Nor did it motivate people to work faster or better. And unless he changes his way of working with people, I hope he never directs anything of mine. Life is too short to collaborate with selfish, cruel people”. After working with Cameron on Titanic, Kate Winslet decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned “a lot of money”. She said that Cameron was a nice man, but she found his temper difficult to deal with. In an editorial, the British newspaper The Independent said that Cameron “is a nightmare to work with. Studios have come to fear his habit of straying way over schedule and over budget. He is notorious on set for his uncompromising and dictatorial manner, as well as his flaming temper”. Other actors, such as Bill Paxton and Sigourney Weaver, have praised Cameron’s perfectionism. Weaver said of Cameron: “He really does want us to risk our lives and limbs for the shot, but he doesn’t mind risking his own.” Michael Biehn has also praised Cameron, claiming “Jim is a really passionate person. He cares more about his movies than other directors do”, but added “I’ve never seen him yell at anybody.” However, Biehn did claim Cameron is “not real sensitive when it comes to actors.”