In 1996 Chile became an associated member of the nafta, which led to the foundation of American Free Trade Zone from Alaska till Fire Land.

Glossary

Precede	предшествовать	Алдын ала болу
Refer	ссылаться	Сілтеу,нұсқау
Safe	безопасный	Қауыпсыз,қатерсіз
Obstacle	препятствие	Кедергі,бөгет
Observance	соблюдение	Сақтау,бұзбау
Preservation	сохранение	Сақтау,қорғау

Tasks for IWS: Prepare information “International Organizations on American continent”.

Task for IWS under a teacher’s control: Write a short report: “Structure of the NAFTA”.

Home tasks: Explain, what differences between OAS and EU?

List of the reference on the theme

1. Гвоздарев Б.И. Организация Американских государств. М., 1967,с.3-167

2. Чумакова М.Л. Организации Центральноамериканских государств. М., 1970, с.3-124

3. Улахович В. Международные организации. Справочное пособие. Москва. Минск, 2005, с.333-338

Lecture 25

Theme of the lecture: International Organizations of the Latin America and Caribbean states

The objective of the lecture. Students should know main aims, activity, structure, and perspectives of the American International Organizations.

Outline of the lecture

1. Inter-American Development Bank.

2. Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)

3. MERCOSUR

4. Andean Community

5. Association of Caribbean States

6. Caribbean Community Common Market (CARICOM)

7. Organization of Eastern Caribbean States.

8. System of Economic of Latin America (SELA).

The brief content of the lecture

1. Inter-American Development Bank is a main office of multisided financing of economic, social and institutional development in Latin American and Caribbean states. Inter-American Bank consists of:

• Bank

• Inter-American Investment Corporation

• Multisided Investment Fund.

IADB was formed in 1959 by 19 Latin American states and the USA. 46 states work in it. Just member of the OAS can be a member of this organization. For states from other regions exist other conditions:

• to be a member of International Monetary Fund;

• share participation in capital and finance participation in special funds/

2. Association was formed in August 1980 on the base of treaty, signed in Montevideo, anewed treaty 1960 about foundation zone of free trade in Latin America. Aim of the treaty 1980 is acceleration of integration processes through harmonization and balancing of social-economic development of region an establishment of Common Market in Latin America. State-members are Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Columbia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Chile, Ecuador.

Structure:

• Latin American Council meets ones in year. Each state has one representative in it.

• Committee of Action is flexible coordination mechanism, directed on mutual programs and projects;

• Secretariat. Head of it assigns on 4 years;

Head-Quarter is situated in Karakas.

3. MERCOSUR was formed on March 26, 1991 due to Asun-Syon Treaty, on foundation of Free Trade Zone. In 2006 Custom Union was formed, which provides free moving of goods, services, capitals and working forces, and involvement of investments to region. (MERCOSUR is a “Common Market of the South” in Spanish). State-members are: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Later Chile and Bolivia joined to it. By the end 90-s of XX c. About 85% of custom tariffs were liquidated, exсept Paraguay and Uruguay.

Structure:

• Council of Common Market is high political organ;

• Group of Common Market is an executive organ;

• Trade Commission;

• Parliamentary Commission;

• Consultative social-economic forum;

• Secretariat.

21 information centers were opened in the world. Head-Quarter and Secretariat is situated in Montevideo.

4. Andean Group was formed in 1969 due to Kartakhen agreement. Andean strategy was formed in 1990 and has next aims:

- development of Andean Economic Area;

- deepening of international connections with states of Andean Group and establishing of Latin American states unity.

Act of Peace (1990) confirmed aspiration to integration of Andean states and development of it main stages (zone of free trade, Custom Union) and other initiatives for foundation of Andean Common Market. These documents foresee foundation of Andean Community.

Members of Andean Community are: Bolivia, Venezuela, Columbia, Peru and Ecuador.

Structure:

• Andean Council of Presidents is a political sector of Community, was formed in 1990 for acceleration of integration processes, meets ones in year;

• Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs agreed policy actions of Community, promoted development of integration and elaboration of mutual external policy;

• Commission representatives of state-members;

• Court was formed in 1995 (each state elects judge on 6 years);

• Andean Parliament (1979) consists of deputies of national parliaments (no more 5 deputies from each state).

Financial sector includes:

• Andean Development Corporation (Karakas) was formed in 1986 and serves as a Development Bank, Investment Bank, and Agency of Economic and Financial Assistance;

• Andean Reserve Fund (Bogota) manages by part of monetary reserve of state-members for supporting payment balance.

General Secretariat is situated in Lima.

Glossary

Acceleration	ускорение	Ұдеу,тездету
renewed	обновленный	Жаңарту,жаңалау
foresee	предусматривать	Алдын ала ескеру
monetary	валютный	Валюталық

Tasks for IWS: Prepare information “Central American Economic Integration. Central American Common Market”.

Task for IWS under a teacher’s control: Write a short report: “Association of Caribbean States”.

Home tasks: Characterize activity of “Organization of Eastern Caribbean States”.

List of the reference on the theme

1. Гвоздарев Б.И. Организация Американских государств. М., 1967,с.3-167

2. Чумакова М.Л. Организации Центральноамериканских государств. М., 1970, с.3-124

3. Улахович В. Международные организации. Справочное пособие. Москва. Минск, 2005,с.339-348

Lecture 26

Theme of the lecture: International Organizations of the Asian-Pacific Region

The objective of the lecture. Students should know main aims, activity, structure, and perspectives of the Asian-Pacific International Organizations.

Outline of the lecture

1. Asian Development Bank (ADB).

2. Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

3. ANZUS Pact.

4. Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN).

5. South Pacific Commission.

The brief content of the lecture

1.ADB was formed in 1965. 63 states are members of the ADB. Japan, USA, China, India, Australia, Indonesia, Canada are main shareholders of it. India, China, Pakistan, Indonesia, Bangle Desh are main loaners.

Transport and communication, energetic projects, agriculture are main spheres of financing. Main aim of the ADB are stimulation of economic growth in developing states and reduction of poverty.

Structure of the ADB:

• Council of Managers;

• Council Of Principles.

Council of Managers elect 12 Principles and their deputies (8 – from APR, 4 – from other states). Council of Managers elects a President of the ADB on 5 years term. Council of Managers meets ones in year and 63 managers include in Council (45 from then APR, 18 – from developed states of Europe and America).

Council of Principles fulfils duties on the permanent base in the Head-Quarter in Manila and observes financial activity, confirms executive budget, document, concerning Bank policy, buying-selling shares, and giving of financial assistance.

3. APEC was formed in 1989 on the I Conference of Ministers of Economy and Foreign Affairs of 12 APR states in Canberra. Firstly, 6 ASEAN states were included in it: Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.

By XXI c. APEC states formed 50% of world commodity circulation. APEC is the most developed region in the world. In the 90-s of XX-beg. XXI cc. – 70% of world economy growth belonged to this region (population is 2,6 billion – 1/3 world population).

History:

In 1967 Pacific Economic Council was formed,

In 1968 Pacific Conference on Trade and Development.

In 1980 Pacific Council on Economic Cooperation. These organizations became a base for foundation of the APEC. APEC is an economic, but non political organization. APEC turned to mechanism on elaborating regional rules on trade and investment activity. States involve to integration process, foundation of free trade zones.

Structure:

• Summit of leaders of “Economics” (states named “economic” for emphasizing economic direction of organization);

• Meetings of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Economic;

• Meetings of Branch Ministers.

Committees:

• Business Consultative Council;

• Committee on Trade and Investments;

• Economic Committee;

• Subcommittee on Custom Procedures, and Standards;

• Working Groups

Chairman changes annual on the rotation base. In 1993 International Secretariat was formed, and situated in Singapore.

4. Treaty about security of ANZUS (Australia, New Zealand, and USA) was signed in San-Francisco in 1951, and ratificated in 1952.

Structure:

• Council, consists of Ministers of Foreign Affairs – is High Consultative Organ;

• Military Committee.

In 1985 some problems took place between the USA and New Zealand, because of access to ports and airports and relations between two states aggravated. Treaty regulates relations in security sphere between the USA and Australia, and Australia and New Zealand.

4. On August 8, 1967 ministers of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Philippines signed Bangkok Declaration, which became a base for foundation of the ASEAN. In 1984 Brunei, 1995 – Vietnam, 1997 – Laos and Myanmar , 1999 – Cambodia joined to it. Population of the ASEAN is 500 mln men, volume of trade – 720 billion dollars, internal gross output is 737 billion dollars.

Activity of the ASEAN is an acceleration of economic growth, social progress and cultural development, and preservation of peace and stability in region.

Aims of the ASEAN:

• assistance to regional cooperation in economic, social and cultural spheres;

• acceleration of economic growth, social progress and cultural development in region by partnership;

• strengthening of Peace and regional stability;

• cooperation in science and education spheres;

• cooperation in agriculture, industry, trade, transport, and communication;

• assistance to cooperation with international and regional organizations.

Structure:

• Conference of State and Government Heads is a high body of the ASEAN, meets ones in three years;

• Annual meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the ASEAN is a Central Leading Organ. Chairman changes due to letters of English Alphabet;

• Meetings of the Ministers of Economics of the ASEAN states;

• Meetings of Branch Ministers (Education, Energetic, Public Health, Science and Technologies, Law, Environment).

Each state has own Secretariat under the Head of Principle general for coordination of current work, and preparation of ASEAN decisions.