1. Find equivalents:

favourable conditions light industries heavy industry industrial output ferrous metallurgy сrop production animal husbandry raw materials poultry industry to satisfy the consumers’ wants in terms of branch of industry

а. легка промисловiсть б. рослинництво в. промислова продукцiя г. тваринництво д. важка промисловiсть е. з погляду на є. галузь промисловостi ж. сприятливі умови з. чорна металургiя и. сировина і. птахівництво ї. задовольняти бажання споживачiв

2. Complete the following sentences:

1. Present-day independent Ukraine has ... . 2. In the structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proportion is occupied by … . 3. Ukraine’s plants and factories produce ... . 4. Ukraine has very favourable conditions for the development of …. . 5. Among the industrial crops such as sugar beet, sunflower, flax the leading position is occupied by …. . 6. Animal husbandry is … 7. The most widespread branches of animal husbandry are: … .

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Is industry the most important area in Ukraine’s economy?

2. What are the main industries in Ukraine?

3. Where are many of Ukraine’s heavy industries concentrated?

4. What is the Donbas rich in?

5. What industries is a large industrial output yielded by?

6. The machine-building is presently the largest branch of industry, isn’t it?

7. What do Ukraine’s plants and factories produce?

8. What are the main branches of agricultural production in Ukraine?

9. What vegetable crops are grown in Ukraine?

10. What is animal husbandry?

11. What are the most wide-spread branches of animal husbandry?

12. Where is the poultry industry spread?

1. Memorize the meanings of the word «agriculture»and its derivatives. Translate the sentences paying attention to the italicized words :

agriculture — сiльське господарство; землеробство; aгрономiя;

agricultural — ciльськогосподарський; землеробський;

agriculturist — агроном; сiльський трудiвник; землевласник.

1. This farm has different agricultural machines. 2. Cooperation with other countries is favourable to agriculture of Ukraine. 3. The agriculturist of today wants to have better and higher-yielding crops which can produce more food of good quality.

3. Translate into English:

1. Багато галузей важкої промисловостi зосереджено в Донбасi.

2. Машинoбудування є зараз най­бiльшою галуззю промисловостi.

3. На заводах i фабриках України виго­товляють автомобiлi та автобуси, лiтаки та кораблi, трактори та комбай­ни, верстати та устаткування для металургiйної промисловостi.

4. Україна має дуже сприятливi умови для розвитк усiльсько­господарського виробництва.

5. Є двi головн iгалузi сiльськогоспо­дарського виробництва в Українi: рослинництво та тваринництво.

6.Рослинництво це вирощування та збирання сiльськогосподарських культур.

7. Найважливiшою технiчною культурою в Українi є цукровий буряк.

8. Тваринництво — це розведення сiльськогосподарських тварин та їх використання.

UNIT 4

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN UKRAINE

Science – наука

Scientist – науковець

Development– розвиток

Research center– дослідницький центр

Contribution – внесок

Achieve– досягати

Establish – встановлювати, засновувати

Electrical welding– електричне зварювання

The development of science and technology in Ukraine has its beginning in the 18^th century, when the Kyiv Mohyla Academy became a noted research centre. A group of famous people made a valuable contribution into Ukrainian’s science from its first steps. They were noted historicans Antonovich and Hrushevsky, mathematician Boholiubov, scientist in medicine Filatov, Yanovsky and others. A great page in Ukraine ‘s history was the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Its founder was a very talented man – Volodimyr Vernadsky.

Ukrainian science achieved great success after World War II. The Ukrainian scientist Korolyov was one of the noted space designers. Ukrainian scientists developed the “Vulcan” unit for welding in space. Yevgen Paton and his son Borys are well-known all over the world as masters in the field of electric welding.

In the 20^th century a number of scientific schools were established in Ukraine dealing with problems of mechanics, chemistry, microbiology, electrical welding, space engineering.

Ukrainian science of the 21^st century is the major factor allowing our country to be ranked among the world’s advanced countries. Each year dozens of monographs by Ukrainian scholars are published abroad. Many Ukrainian scientific journals are translated into foreign languages. Ukraine became one of the world space states owing to its space researches. The national Academy of Sciences of Ukraine headed by its world-renowned president remains the stronghold of all research institutes of Ukraine.