1. Direct method of distribution:

Producer----------------------------------Consumer

2. Indirectmethod of distribution:

Producer-------------wholesaler------------retailer-----------Consumer

Домашнє завдання:

Ex. 1 Вивчіть новий лексичний матеріал

Ex.8.Підготувати повідомлення про оптову та роздрібну торгівлю.

Питання для самоконтролю:

1. В чому полягає різниця оптової та роздрібної торгівлі?

What are different types of retail stores?

Unit 12 Контрольний зріз знань

Unit 13 6 причин, щоб отримати оцінку нерухомості

Ex. 1 Прочитайте та перекладіть текст:

6 Reasons to Get a Real Estate Appraisal

1. Financing Whether you are purchasing real estate and need a loan or you own a property and would like to refinance your current loan the lender will require you to obtain an appraisal by a state certified real estate appraiser prior to them lending you the money. Typically the lender will use an appraisal management company that procures the services of appraisers for the lender. If you were lending money you would want to make sure there is collateral for the loan, just like a lender does. If you default on the loan the real estate will be foreclosed and the lender will resell the property to get their money back. Due to this they need an accurate appraisal to make sure they have adequate collateral.

2. Buying Real Estate When you purchase a property and need financing the lender will require an appraisal as stated above. However, I would advise you to also hire your own appraiser to protect your interests. A $300.00 appraisal fee could save you thousands of dollars. If an appraiser determined you are overpaying for a home by $10,000 don't you think it is worth it to you to spend $300.00 on an appraisal. I once was able to save a buyer $35,000 on a townhome when they hired me independently to complete an appraisal on a property they were purchasing. They used my appraisal to renegotiate the price of the home for a huge savings. Always hire your own local appraiser when purchasing real estate.

3. Selling Real Estate Most homeowners believe their home is worth far more than it really is and this can cost them money in the long run. If you are serious about real estate the first thing you should do is hire a real estate appraiser. An appraiser can give you an unbiased opinion of value to help you set a price correctly to get your property sold. An appraiser does not have any reason to embellish the value of a property owned by a private owner as a real estate agent would. If you set the price of your property in a declining market you could ride the market all the way to the bottom. Even in a stable market if you price the home incorrectly it will sit on the market until you price it correctly so start out with an appraisal to price it right.

4. Estate Purposes Settling an estate can be a complex and important job. A state certified appraiser can value any real property involved in the estate. Settling an estate usually requires an appraiser to establish an opinion of "Fair Market Value" for the real estate involved. Often, the date of death (effective date of the appraisal) differs from the date of the inspection. The appraiser must be familiar with the procedures and requirements necessary to perform a retrospective forensic appraisal with an effective date and a "Fair Market Value" opinion matching the date of death. The typical client for an estate appraisal are estate planners, lawyer, accountants, enrolled agents, trust administrators, executors, beneficiaries, court appointed receivers, corporate, and partnership entities.

5. Divorce A real estate appraiser is the first professional that the attorney, administrator or arbitrator should call. Typically in a divorce there are two options regarding real estate, the home can either be sold and the proceeds divided or one party can buy out the other. In either case, a divorce appraisal of the property as of the date of separation should be completed. Preparing an appraisal for a divorce settlement requires a state certified real estate appraiser that can support their opinion of value in court.

6. Property Taxes Due to declining property values throughout the country many properties are assessed incorrectly. A local state certified real estate appraiser can help you appeal your property's assessed value, lower your property taxes and save you money. A property tax appeal could help you save hundreds to thousands of dollars per year in property taxes.

I hope this information was helpful. As you can see by hiring an appraiser for a few hundred dollars can actually save you thousands.

Ex.2. Випишіть 10 незнайомих для вас слів та перекладіть їх українською мовою.