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Методичка Переговорный процесс.doc
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The results

Answer

Question

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A

B

C

10 5 5 3 5 10 10 10 3 3

5 10 10 10 10 3 3 3 5 10

3 3 3 5 3 5 5 5 10 5

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

A

B

C

5 5 5 10 5 10 5 10 3 3

3 10 10 5 10 3 10 3 5 10

10 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 10 5

The results.

140 – 200

You have possibilities to succeed in your life. In your character there is good equilibrium between the instinct and the sense, between private and public life, between action and thinking.

70 - 139

Generally, you have those features of the character that are necessary to gain a foothold in the society. But you have to control yourself and don’t allow various “conflict situations” influence your life.

60 – 69

You need great belief and openness to the people. In this case you will be able to realize your ideas and capabilities.

Lectures 5 & 6. A suggested model of negotiations

The main points of the lecture.

  1. The aspects of the international negotiations. They are more distinct than appears at first glance, but they are also interrelated, since the second depends on the first.

  2. The purpose of negotiations is to secure for the participants maximum benefits at minimum risk.

  3. The dilemma of need. Those parties who most need international negotiation as a means of settling disputes are the parties with the least chance of securing it.

  4. A suggested model of international negotiation

1. Prenegotiation Phase

2.Negotiation Phase

3. Agreement Phase

4. Implementation Phase

  1. Ability to negotiate:

  1. Two or more actors

  2. Goals achievable by negotiation

  3. A negotiable issue, or several

  4. Resources possessed and desired

  5. Capability to trade resources

  6. Compatible values; communications

  7. Mutual trust

  8. Others; time, noninterference, nonpreoccupation, agents present

  1. Willingness to negotiate:

  1. Parties with direct interests

  2. A prior pledge to negotiate

  3. Certainty of obtaining goals or capability to enhance the certainty

A. The parties:

1.Individual parties

2.Symmetrical negotiations

3. Friendly parties

4.Bilateral or polarized multilateral negotiations

B. The proposals:

1. Goals desired over the long term

2.General proposals

3.Moderate change in the status quo

C.The compromise:

1.A trade of similar goods

2. A future focus

3. "Upgrading the common interest"

D. The aftereffects:

1. Capability for legitimation to constituencies

2.Noncrisis negotiations

A. The settlement:

1. A compromise solution

2. All parties got acceptable satisfaction at tolerable risk

3. Absence of ambiguity and "escape clauses"

4. A settlement on the merits

B. The aftereffects:

1.Moderate change in status quo

2. Terms made legitimate to constituencies

3. Terms allowing task- and issue-expansion: definite obligations and indefinite benefits

A. Voluntarism, by use of:

1. Symmetrical negotiations

2. Casuistry

3.Expanding benefits

B. The agreement:

1. As one of a series, or one arising by "spillover"

2. Conferral of positive benefits (high satisfaction for participants)

C. Post agreement phase:

1. Maintenance of optimal pressure on participants

2. Absence of reprisals to prevent enforcement

3. Nonoccurrence of outside events to prevent enforcement