Ринкова економіка. Закріплення попередніх знань.

Ex.1. Прочитайте та запам’ятайте новий лексичний матеріал:

1. a mechanism for survival – механізм виживання

2. exist - існувати

3. broad categories- широкі категорії

4. market forces – ринкові сили

5. enterprise - підприємство

6. the political authority – політична влада, політичний вплив

7. levyingtaxation – стягування податків, обкладення податком

8. approach – наближатися

9. The framework – структура, каркас, основа

10. a reliance – надія, довіра

Ex. 2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст:

Marketeconomies

To an economist, economic society presents itself as a mechanism for survival — a means whereby people are able to carry out the tasks of production and distribution. If we look at the different political and social structures which exist in the world today, and the way in which those systems havedeveloped over the years, we should say that there are very great varieties of economic sys­tems.It is possible to group these different economic structures into four broad categories. These basic types of econom­ic organization are usually described as Traditional economies, Market economies, Command economies and Mixed economies.

A society deal with the basic economic problems by allowing free play to what are known as market forces. The state plays little or no part in economic activity. Most of the people in the non-communist world earn and spend in societies which are still fundamentally market economies.

The market system of economic organization is also commonly described as a free enterprise or capitalist system. We shall use all these terms to stand for a market economy. Strictly speaking the pure market system has never existed. Whenever there has been some form of political organization, the political authority has exercised some economic functions (e.g. controlling prices or levying taxation). It is useful, however, to consider the way in which a true market system would operate because it provides us with a simpli­fied model, and by making modifications to the model we can approach the more realistic situations step by step.

The framework of a market or capitalist system contains six essential features. They are:

1. private property

2. freedom of choice and enterprise

3. self-interest as the dominating motive

4. competition

5. a reliance on the price system

6. a very limited role for government

Ex.3. Поставте 3 питання до тексту.

Ex. 4.Складіть речення, використовуючинаступні слова:

1. these, possible, to, group, is, different, structures,three, into, categories, broad, it, economic.

2. have, been, all, they, ago, decided, long.

3. processes , some, Tradition, part, plays ,economical, in.

Домашнє завдання:

Ex.1. Вивчити новий лексичний матеріал.

Ex.5. Вивчити основні риси ринкової економіки

Питання для самоконтролю:

1. What isthe framework of a market or capitalist system?

Unit 4 Гроші та економічні відносини