1) Precise time 2)months, years, centuries and long periods 3)days and dates

at 3 o'clock in May on Sunday

at 10.30am in summeron Tuesdays

at noon in the summer on 6 March

at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec. 2010

at bedtime in the 1990s onChristmas Day

at sunrise in the next century on Independence Day

at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday

at the moment in the past/future on New Year's Eve

Ex.7.Заповніть пропуски прийменниками часуon, in абоat:

1. … Friday evening my parents usually get home from work early.

2. My father doesn’t like to do drive a car … night.

3. My Mum wakes up … 7 o’clock.

4. I usually take a shower … the morning.

5. They often go to the Black Sea … summer.

6. We’ll discuss this project … a week.

7. Shakespeare wrote “Hamlet” … 1603.

8. Columbus crossed the Atlantic …1492.

9. We usually have a lot of guests … Christmas.

10. Sometimes they go to the Sports club … Monday.

11. Mary’s birthday is … the twenty-second of October.

Ex.8. Заповніть таблицю прийменниками часу on, in абоat:

1. _____ March

2. _____ Wednesday

3. _____ 1778

4. _____ next week

5. _____ autumn

6. _____ last year

7. _____ Monday morning

8. _____ the morning

9. _____ Tuesday

10. _____ January

11. _____ this evening

12. _____ the evening

13. _____ Monday evening

14. _____ the moment

15. _____ 13:15

16. _____ last year

17. _____ Christmas

18. _____ 1893

19. _____ midnight

20. _____ Easter

21. _____ last Easter

22. _____ 4:45

23. _____ winter

24. _____ the morning

25. _____ night

Ex.9.Заповніть текст поданими нижче прийменниками:

on (2), in(3), at (2), for, since, by

1. Peter is playing tennis ______ Sunday.

2. My brother's birthday is ______ the 5th of November.

3. My birthday is ______ May.

4. We are going to see my parents ______ the weekend.

5. ______ 1666, a great fire broke out in London.

6. I don't like walking alone in the streets ______ night.

7. What are you doing ______ the afternoon?

8. My friend has been living in Canada______ two years.

9. I have been waiting for you ______ seven o'clock.

10. I will have finished this essay ______ Friday.

Домашнє завдання:

Ex.1,6. Вивчити граматичні правила.

Ex.10. Перекладіть подані нижче речення англійською мовою:

1. Я тут, у своїй кімнаті.

2. Принеси мені, будь ласка, пляшку води з холодильника.

3. Прибери книги з підлоги і поклади їх на полицю.

4. Будь ласка, піди в садок і полий квіти.

5. Витягни ручку з кишені. На твоєму піджаку велика пляма.

6. Твій кіт часто плигає на стіл і сидить біля акваріуму .

7. Твої папуги вриваються в мою кімнату і сидять на комп’ютері.

8. Вийди з моєї кімнати!

9. Наш автобус поряд з автобусною зупинкою.

10. Давайте зустрінемося біля вашого будинку.

Ex.11.Заповніть пропуски підходящими за змістом прийменниками з дужок:

1. Sometimes to climb … the mountain is easier than to climb … .(down, up, in)

2. Hilary and Tensing went … Mount Everest in 1953. (down, up)

3. The Flying Fish leap … to two meters out of water. (down, up)

4. There are nine planets in the Solar System. They go … the Sun. (along, round)

Ex.12. Вставте прийменникиon, in або at:

1) There was a loud noise which woke us up _________ midnight.

2) Do you usually eat chocolate eggs _________ Easter?

3) What are you doing _________ the weekend?

4) _________ last week I worked until 9pm _________ every night.

5) My father always reads the paper _________ breakfast time.

6) She plays tennis _________ Fridays.

7) The trees here are really beautiful _________ the spring.

8) I'll see you _________ Tuesday afternoon then.

9) Shakespeare died _________ 1616.

10) She studies _________ every day.

11) John is going to buy the presents _________ today.

12) In my hometown, the shops open early _________ the morning.

13) She met her husband _________ 1998.

14) The party is _________ next Saturday.

15) We are meeting _________ Friday morning.

16) I often get sleepy _________ the afternoon.

17) His daughter was born _________ the 24th of August.

18) Mobile phones became popular _________ the nineties.

19) Luckily the weather was perfect _________ her wedding day.

Питання для самоконтролю:

1. Які прийменники напрямку, руху та часу ви знаєте?

2. Коли вживається прийменник in?

UNIT 13. Контрольний зріз знань

Unit14.

MARKETING

Маркетинг

Ex. 1. Прочитайте та запам’ятайте наступні слова та вирази:

marketing – продаж, маркетинг

producer— виробник

consumer— споживач

distribution— збут,

storing – зберігання

product planning — розробка нових продуктів

storage – зберігання

pricing – калькуляція цін

traffic— торгівля

marketing research —вивчення ринку збута

to predict —передбачати

to influence – впливати

price leader— виробник, який встановлює найнижчу ціну на певний товар

Price sensitive item -товар, рівень продажу якого дуже залежить від ціни

To be brand loyal- надавати перевагу

to raise the price – підвищувати ціну

to market — продавати

promotional campaign – рекламна компанія

toschedule— розробляти план

packaging— упаковка

competitor - конкурент

Ex. 2.Перекладіть текст:

Marketing

Marketing includes all the business activities connected with the movement of goods and services from producers to consumers. Sometimes it is called distribution. On the one hand, marketing is made up of such activities as transporting, storing and selling goods and, on the other hand, a series of decisions you make during the pro­cess of moving goods from producer to user. Marketing operations in­clude product planning, buying, storage, pricing, promotion, sell­ing, credit, traffic and marketing research.

The ability to recognize early trends is very important. Producers must know why, where, for what purpose the consumers buy. Market research helps the producer to predict what the people will want. And through advertising he attempts to influence the customer to buy. Marketing operations are very expensive. They take up more than half of the customer's dollar. The trend in the USA has been to high mass consumption. The construction of good shopping centres has made goods available to consumers. It provided a wide range of merchandize and plenty of parking facilities.

Ex. 3. Дайте відповіді на запитання:

1. What does marketing mean?

2. What activities does marketing consist of?

3. What do marketingoperations include?

4. Why is it so important for the producer to predict the trends?

5. How was mass consumption possible in the USA?

Ex. 4. Заповніть пропуски:

predict, influence, promote, marketing, trends, distribution, market research, product plan­ning, consumer.

1. One of the aims of market research is to indicate new ... amongpeople.

2. Advertising must ... the consumer and make him buy the goods pro­duced.

3. Often marketing is called ... .

4. In order to sell a new product, a producer has_: to consider how to ...it.

5. The goods of this company are not sold very well, they must thinkabout ....

6. Sometimes it is difficult to ... through advertising.

7. If you want to produce something new, you should start with ... .

8. A producer wants to ... the new trends and then tries to influencethem.

9. ... includes product development and pricing among other things.

Ex. 5. Прочитайте та перекладіть діалог:

Don Hey, Sally, look at these figures. The price of sugar is going up 10% during the next year.

Sally Oh, that's bad. That means trouble for our jam line.

Don I think so too. Sugar is the main ingredient, you knowWhat's your opinion?

Sally Well, we are not the price leaders in the field and jam isvery price sensitive item. According to our marketinq re­search information consumers aren't particularly h loyal about jam.

DonI have a brilliant idea. You know, this could be a great mar­keting opportunity for us.

SallyWhat do you mean?

DonWell, because of the price rise on sugar we know that price of jam will go up too. The increase will pass on the con­sumer, won't it?

SallyRight.

DonImagine, we find the possibility of changing the ingredients in the jam so that we wouldn't have to raise the price.

SallyThen we wouldn't trouble about the price rise on sugar be­cause we'll be able to sell jam at the same price. The idea is that we could market less exаpensive jam. What a promo­tional campaign we could have!

DonSure. If we do it right we'll sell more and become the leader in the market.

SallyNow the first thing is to talk to Research and Development.

DonRight and we'll see when they'll have some samples of new formulars ready.

SallyWhat about marketing research? I think we should schedule some tests for responses to the R & D samples.

DonWell, there is a lot to do. I think we should also change packaging. Now, Sally, that would be great.

SallyOh, Don, let's hope for the best. If we don't lose the chance, the competitors products will stay on the super­market shelves.

DonOh, it's time for lunch. Let's discuss our business in cafe­teria.

SallyOh, sure, we've got a lot to discuss — distribution, adver­tising...

Ex. 6. Складіть власний діалог на тему: «Marketing»

Домашнє завдання:

Ex. 1 Вивчіть новий лексичний матеріал

Ex.2 Підготувати переказ тексту«Marketing»

Питання для самоконтролю:

1. Що таке маркетинг?

2. Які маркетингові операції ви знаєте?

UNIT 15 The Basic Problems of Economic