2. Building your vocabulary

A. These are the 15 key vocabulary words for this chapter. They are boldfaced in the reading. Pronounce these words after your teacher and discuss their meanings.

abolish facility protest

assassination invisible segregation

boycott kidnap slave

conspicuous overcome struggle

discrimination plantation underlying

B. Complete these sentences with some of the key vocabulary words. Make the nouns plural where necessary, and put each verb into the correct tense and form.

1. ____________ means the killing of a person for political reasons.

2. The immediate cause of the Civil War was the secession of the South, but the _______ cause of the war was slavery.

3. Southern ____________ were large farms on which cotton or tobacco were grown. The work was done by ________ .

4. When slavery ended in the South, ___________ became the way of life. State laws required blacks and whites to live, study, and play in different places.

5. In the 1960s, northern liberals and southern blacks participated in sit-ins and marches to ____________ segregation.

6. When blacks in Montgomery, Alabama, __________ the buses, they didn't ride on them.

7. Because of _______ , blacks sometimes did not get jobs that they were well qualified for.

8. African-Americans' ___________ for equal opportunity is not yet over.

C. Match each word or phrase in column 1 with the phrase in column 2 that means the same thing by writing the correct numbers on the lines.

1. the North, the U.S. _____ cannot be seen

2. the South _____ the Union

3. abolish _____ very noticeable; easy to see

4. conspicuous _____ the Confederacy

5. invisible _____ prohibit; no longer allow

6. protest _____ express disagreement; strongly object

D. The following words help readers understand the relationship between two ideas. Match each word in column 1 with its definition in column 2 by writing the correct numbers on the lines.

1. however _______ after a long time

2. therefore _______ but, nevertheless

3. furthermore _______ in addition, also, and

4. eventually _______ as a result, so

3. Understanding idioms and expressions

On each blank line, write the letter of the correct phrase to complete the sentence.

1. Civil rights refers to ________ .

1. certain rights to liberty and equal opportunity guaranteed by law

2. rights gained after a civil war

3. rights given to some citizens but not to others

2. Over and over means _________ .

1. upside down

2. many times

3. around and around

3. Second-class means _________ .

1. not as good as first-class

2. a military rank

3. a grade in school

4. Before the Civil War, free states were those that _____ .

1. didn't tax residents

2. gave away land

3. didn't allow residents to own slaves

5. In the 1960s, a sit-in was ________ .

1. a game

2. a way to protest segregation

3. blacks having to sit at the back of the bus