Предтекстовые упражнения

I. Прочтите и переведите предложения. Дайте два варианта пере­вода инфинитива в функции подлежащего:

1. То isolate the metal plates was the student's task.

2. To create a powerful energy source was of prime impor­tance for a constructor.

3. To provide a high potential is not easy.

4. To determine the volume of a gas at a definite tempera­ture is very easy.

5. To prove this law experimentally is very difficult.

6. To test a new receiver for the application in this system was the main task of the laboratory.

7. To test the equipment is possible only under vacuum conditions.

8. To raise the cathode temperature means increasing the number of emitted electrons.

9. To obtain new data on the wave travelling was necessary for future investigations.

10. To build a network of transmitting stations in that re­gion was of prime importance.

II. Прочтите и переведите предложения. Дайте два варианта пере­вода инфинитива в функции именной части составного сказуемого:

1. The student's task was to study the properties of this substance.

2. The task is to provide low pressure.

3. The main aim of the designers is to improve TV communica­tion over long distances.

4. The problem is to find materials which are not sensitive to light.

5. The purpose of the experiment is to convert heat directly to electricity.

6. The object of this system is to provide a powerful energy supply.

TEXT

RADIO ELECTRONICS IN SPACE

1. The formula "radio + electronics = radio electronics" provides us with a good example of fruitful cooperation. 2. To work successfully in any field of science now means to know the fundamentals of radio electronics. 3. A physician has to know the properties of high frequency currents, a mathemati­cian — the properties of fast-acting computers, an astronomer— the properties of radio-telescopes, a physicist — the properties of charged particles. 4. Without radio electronics it is impo­ssible to develop cybernetics, astronautics and nuclear physics. 5. Much attention is now given to the frequency stability of generators — the heart of all radio transmitting systems. 6. To establish reliable contact with Mars, the frequency con­trol must be within billionths of a per cent. 7. The role of "elec­trical pendulum" which sets the frequency of oscillations in highly stable generators is performed by a plate of crystalline quartz. 8. Like the string of a musical instrument, this plate can be tuned to a definite frequency. 9. The thinner the plate, the higher the frequency is. 10. The thinnest plates give a frequency of scores of mcps (millions of oscillations per second). 11. The super-high frequencies used in cosmic communication are of hundreds and thousands of mcps. 12. To use special multi­pliers means to achieve such frequencies. 13. Ordinarily it is a chain of valve or transistor stages, each containing a score of parts. 14. This increases the size of еquiрment, rеquirеs more power and results in reduced reliability. 15. To solve the prob­lem of high frequencies another way out has been foud 16. The oscillations of quartz may be induced not on the main frequency, but on its harmonic overtones¹. 17. One of the biggest problems is to "tame"² overtones in transistor generators, that is where they are most necessary. 18. The frequency "ceiling" for them is usually 100 mcps. 19. The generator used, for instance, in the instrumentation of the US artificial Earth satellites "Van­guard" and "Explorer", had a frequency of 108 mcps. 20. The generator, produced in Odessa, has a frequency of 300 mcps. 21. It is shock-proof, damp-proof and operates reliably in heat or cold.

Пояснения к тексту

1. overtones — обертоны

2. to " tame" — зд. создать

Слова для запоминания

n computer

v achieve, compute, perform, tune

a artificial, fruitful, reliable

Слова для повторения

n control, property

v establish, find (found), mean (meant), provide, require, set (set)

a definite, thin

prep within

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ