Пояснения к тексту

1. hundreds of thousands times — сотни тысяч раз

2. films — зд. пленки

Слова для запоминания

п film, source, supply

v consume, create, expose, insulate, introduce, present, provide,

take into consideration

a the former ... the latter, outer, sensitive, visible

Слова для повторения

п influence, size, time

v change, obtain

a considerable, extreme, late, ordinary

cj provided

Упражнения

III. Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на способы перевода независимого причастного оборота:

1. The principle of action being extremely simple, the device was widely used for various purposes.

2. Part of the energy being changed into heat, not all the chemical energy of the cell battery is transformed into electric energy.

3. The positive pole brought near the negative pole, the latter attracted it.

4. Two bodies placed in contact with each other, the tempe­rature of the hot body falls, while the temperature of the cold body rises.

5. Transistors being sensitive to light, engineers have to take this property into consideration.

6. Many metals are good conductors, silver presenting one of them.

7. The temperature of a wire being raised, the random mo­tion of the electrons increased.

8. The two semiconductors of different type connected, a blocking layer will be created at the contact.

9. Radio-activity discovered, many great discoveries were made in atomic physics.

10. The pressure being known at some point in the flow of air, the pressure at another point in the flow is easily calcu­lated.

11. The system operation has been improved, the main chan­ges being made in the transmitter.

IV. * Прочтите предложения, укажите номера предложений, в которых слово "provided" является сказуемым, и переведите все предло­жения:

1. Solar batteries provided much energy for this system ope­ration.

2. A cell supplies electric energy provided its electrodes are of different materials.

3. The electrical properties of germanium may be changed, provided germanium is exposed to light.

4. A capacitor stores electric energy provided that a voltage source is applied to it.

5. These experiments provided necessary data for studying this phenomenon.

6. Provided the laboratory is equipped with up-to-date in­struments we shall be able to carry out important scientific researches.

7. A direct current flows provided a direct voltage source is applied to the circuit.

V. Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слов "the former" и "the latter":

1. Uranium, radium, plutonium are radioactive substances, the former being widely used in atomic reactors.

2. The electrical properties of germanium may be changed, provided the latter is exposed to light.

3. The parallel circuit consists of a voltage source and two resistors, the latter are connected in parallel.

4. The most common meters used are the ohmmeter and the ammeter, the former is used to measure the value of resistance, the latter is used to measure the value of current.

5. Copper conducts electricity while glass does not. The former is a conductor while the latter is an insulator.

6. There are the acid-forming elements and the base-forming elements. The former are the non-metals while the latter are the metals.