Step 1. Word Power

Ex. 1. Read the following international words. Give their Russian equivalents:

final a doping n

system n national a

prize n international a

individual a court n

jury n procedure n

Ex. 2. Read the words with the stress:

1. on the first syllable:

usually honour once process

indoor series trial palace

during entry round schedule

2. on the second syllable:

against determine aquatic complete

appeal opponent submit eliminate

among Olympic control compare

3. the words which have three and more syllables:

individual European participation accreditation

Ex. 3. Look at the way we can make nouns by adding “-er” to some verbs. Translate the nouns:

to win v + er winner n

победитель

t o hold to perform

t o swim to jump

t o lose to run

t o ski to play

t o skate

Ex. 4. Learn the words and translate the word combinations and sentences:

1 compete v соревноваться, состязаться

syn. contest

competition n соревнование,

syn. contest состязание

individual личные

team competitions командные соревнования

individuual-team лично-командные

interclub межклубные

elimination по системе с выбыванием

round-robin по круговой системе

competition site место проведения соревнования

competitor n участник соревнования,

соперник, конкурент

syn. contestant

e.g. Competitions may be of individual, team or individual-team kind.

e.g. Athletes from all over the world contest at the Olympic Games.

2. preliminaries n предварительные соревнования

3. final n финал

quarter-final(s) четвертьфинальные соревнования

semi-final(s) полуфинальные соревнования

e.g. A Сup competition consists of preliminaries, quarter- and semi-finals and the final.

4. take place v 1.проводить (соревнования)

2.иметь место,случаться,происходить,

e.g. The semi-finals are to take place next week.

5. compare (with, to),v сравнивать

6. suit, v соответствовать, подходить

7. indoor track n легкоатлетический манеж

8.diving n прыжки в воду

e.g. Sports fans attend aquatic centres, indoor tracks to see competitions in diving and athletics.

9. call v называть

e.g. The greatest competitions in sports are called the Olympic Games.

10. championship n чемпионат, первенство, соревнование

n ational чемпионат страны

European чемпионат Европы

World чемпионат Мира

international championship международные соревнования

indoor соревнования в помещениях

outdoor соревнования на открытом

воздухе

open открытое первенство

e.g. A competition which is held to determine a champion is called a championship.

11.prize-winner n призер

12.runner-up n второй призер

13. tournament n турнир

elimination tournament отборочный турнир

syn. trial

knock-out tournament турнир по олимпийской системе(c выбыванием)

e.g. International wrestling tournaments are often held in Minsk.

14.eliminate v снять с соревнований

15. qualify v 1. выйти в следующий круг соревнований

2.соответствовать требованиям для участия в соревнованиях

qualifying round отборочный круг (соревнований)

e.g. In the elimination tournament losers are eliminated and winners are qualified for the next round.

16. admittance n допуск

syn. admission

17.entry n 1.заявка (на участие в соревнованиях)

syn. entrant 2. заявленный участник

to submit

entries подавать заявки

to make

entry form форма (бланк) для заявки

to complete entry form заполнять заявку

entry fee взнос участника, вступительный взнос

to pay entry fee делать взнос

e.g. To take part in the competitions athletes should complete entry forms.

18. draw n 1.жеребьевка 2. ничья

19. schedule n график, расписание,программа

competition schedule календарь соревнований

e.g. The time and place for the draw can be found in the competition schedule.

20 judge v, n судить, судья

syn. official

panel of judges бригада судей, судейская коллегия

21. jury n главная судейская коллегия

jury of appeal апелляционное жюри

e.g. Competitions are served by a panel of judges, the Jury, the Jury of Appeal and many officials.

Step 2. Reading Practice

Task 1. Before you read Text 5 A say what you already know about the existing

system of sports competitions.

Task 2. Read the text and find the answers to the questions:

1. What does the word“ competition” mean?

2. What are the greatest competitions in sports?

3. What is the most common kind of tournaments?

Text 5 A

S P O R T S C O M P E T I T I O N S

Note the pronunciation: Tour De France [

Wimbledon [

Davis Cup [

IAAX Grand Prix [

European Super Cup [

A competition usually takes place when two or more contestants, individuals or teams, compete and each tries to do better than the other one. During a competition athlete’s abilities are compared with his previous performance or with those of other athletes.

Competitions are an integral part of the training process. They may be of individual, team or individual-team kind. A competition may consist of preliminaries, quarter-finals, semi-finals and the final. Competitions can be held by either elimination or round-robin systems. A competition which is held to determine a champion is called a championship. The winner of the first place or the holder of the first prize is a champion. The second prize holder is called a runner-up. There are national, international, open, indoor, outdoor, European and World championships. The greatest championships in sports are the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games are held every four years with the Summer and Winter Olympics taking place two years apart. Athletes qualify for the Olympics in competitions called trials.

The competition sites are different and suit the event. Sports fans attend numerous stadiums, aquatic centres, playing courts, football fields, ice-hockey palaces, gyms, indoor tracks, etc. to see the competitions in swimming, diving, basketball, handball, football, ice-hockey, lawn tennis, gymnastics, athletics and other sports.

Tournaments are set to find the winner in a series of games or contests. The most common tournament is the elimination ( or knock-out) tournament in which losers are eliminated and winners are qualified for the next rounds until there is a single champion. When teams are competing, each team plays against the same opponent once or twice (home and away games) For example, at the NHL Championship the two games (home and away) are considered as one match.

There are general rules for admittance to competitions of any level. To take part in the competitions athletes and teams complete and submit entry forms and pay entry fees. Accreditation, doping and medical control are the necessary procedures which the contestants

pass. The time and place for the draw, prize-giving, the starting time and other information can be found in the competition schedule.

Judging as well is a hot topic at competitions. Competitions are served by a panel of judges, the Jury, the Jury of Appeal and many officials.

Among Cup competitions the most important are the European and the World Cups.

At present there is a great number of other sport competitions, participation in which is a great honour. These are Tour de France in cycling, the Wimbledon Tournament and Davis Cup in lawn tennis, IAAF Grand Prix in athletics, European Super Cup and UEFA Cup in soccer, etc.