UNIT 6. OLYMPIC GAMES

Lesson 1. Focus on Language

Grammar Target: Perfect Continuous Tenses

Sequence of Tenses

Step 1. Read the dialogues:

1. – Why are you so tired?

- I have been playing tennis all the afternoon and what about you?

- I have been training hard in the gym.

2. - How long have you been living in Minsk?

• We moved to Minsk ten years ago. We have been living here since. We have not even changed our flat. We have been living in the same flat for ten years.

3.- I heard Pete was badly injured during the last game. Did he see the doctor yesterday?

-Yes, but he had been waiting for almost an hour in the emergency room

before the doctor came.

. 4. - I don’t understand how those marathon runners do it!

The race began over an hour ago. By the time they reach the finish line,

they will have been running for more than 2 hours.

- I don’t think I can run for more than 2 minutes !

Step 2. Grammar Practice Table 6.1

PERFECT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) TENSES

The Perfect Continuous (Progressive)Tenses express the durability of an activity that began

In the past and continues to the present, was in progress before another activity or time in the

past or will be in progress before another time or event in the future.

h ave + been + Participle I

Ex. 1. Read and translate the sentences:

1.The coach has been reading a new instruction for half an hour.

2.Is John in the gym? – No, he has been “shooting a basket” with his friends for two hours.

3.The gymnast has been strictly keeping to his diet since his last visit to the doctor.

4.The athlete had been practising hard for 4 years before he was qualified for

the Olympic Games.

5. When Ann gets her diploma she will have been studying at the University for 5 years.

6.This athlete won his first major victory at the 2004 European championship, and

since then has been improving his results in all the jumping events each season.

7.Probably Roman soldiers brought football to England 2000 years ago and since

then people all over the world have been playing this popular game.

8. Some of Belarusian athletes attained very high standards at the 2000 Olympic Games

and ever since have been keeping leading position in the international sports movement.

9.By next month our coach will have been working with our team for five years.

10.The test proved to be rather difficult. The students have been writing the test for 2 hours.

Ex. 2. Answer your group-mate’s questions. Use since or for in your answer:

Model: You look tired. How long have you been practising?

I have been practising since 6 o’clock

.

1. Your English is good. How long have you been studying this language?

2. You know the city quite well. How long have you been living in Minsk?

3. Do you live in the hostel? How long has he been living there?

4. You began playing hockey in the afternoon. How long have you been playing it?

5. You are warming up. How long have you been warming up?

6. Do you drive a car? How long have you been driving?

7. Is this the club you are playing for? How long will you have been playing for it by the next season?

8. He couldn’t answer the question. How long had he been studying the subject?

Ex. 3. Combine the two sentences into one by introducing the Present Perfect Continuous tense form:

Model: - Our coaches began to study new instruction on Monday.

They are still working on it.

- They have been studying the instruction since Monday

1. Mike bought this sporting suit a year ago. He is still wearing it.

2. It started raining last Sunday. It is still raining.

3. She came to the gym two hours ago. She is still practising there.

4. Robert returned after his training practice and began taking a shower at 2 о'clock. He is still taking a shower.

5. The athletes began training on the track an hour ago. They are still training.

6. The game began long ago. The players are still playing football.

7. They started reconstructing this sports complex five years ago. They are still reconstructing it.

8. He injured his leg two weeks ago. He is still treating it.

Ex. 4. Agree or disagree with what your group-mate says:

Model 1: -Mike is so happy. He has been travelling around Europe since June.

- a.Yes, that’s right. He has been travelling from East to West for a month.

-b. Nothing of the sort. As far as I know he hasn’t been traveling since the

20^th of June. He is in Misk getting ready for the European Cup.

1. He is former athlete. He has been training children for many years.

2. The gym is ready for the competitions. We have been decorating it with flags since morning.

3. This is a new instruction. We have been translating it since last Monday.

4. It is so cold in the gym. Mike has been airing it for two hors.

5. Edward is good at running sprint. He has been performing at different competitions since childhood..

6. By the time his parents came to London he had been living there for three years.

7. Cricket is a very slow game. By 7.00 p.m. they will have been playing it for eight hors.

Ex. 5. Say and ask as in the model:

Model: This athlete has been practising wrestling since childhood

Since when has this athlete been practisinf wrestling?

He has been practicing wrestling for five years.

How long has this athlete been practicing wrestling?

1.Belarusian athletes have been taking part in the Olympic Games since

the 26^th Olympic Games.

2. The coach has been improving his training methods since he headed our team.

3. We can’t go on a camping holiday. It has been raining for the past two weeks .

4.This gymnast demonstrates excellent performance. He has been training very hard

since his last failure.

5.-You look so slim, Jane! Do you go keep to a special diet?

-No, I have been going to a fitness club since the time I saw you last.

8. He had been skiing all day yesterday. He came home completely tired.

9. Jane is in the gym now. By 11 o’clock she will have been practicing for three

hours.

Ex. 6. a. Read and act out the dialogues in the left-hand column.

b. Act out similar dialogues. Use the prompts in the right-hand column.

		Prompts:
1.	- Oh, Mike. Is the Dean in? - Yes, he is. He is in his office, and he's waiting for you. - Oh, what time did he come? - He came at twenty to ten. - Twenty to ten! So he's been waiting for twenty minutes. I'm in trouble.	coach, judge, teacher 2.30, 4.30, 6.00 half an hour, 25 minutes, 15 minutes
2.	- Mike, what are you watching? - Olympic up-date. - How long have you been watching? - Well, let's see. I'vе been watching since nine о'clock. - So you haven't been watching long. It's only ten past nine.	Football match, hockey match, figure skating 10 о'clock, 11 o'clock, 12 o'clock ten past ten, ten past eleven, ten past twelve

Ex. 7. Create situations in which you can use the following phrases:

1. You look so tired as if you have been learning for your exam in anatomy for hours.

2. You have already been practising long on the tennis court. Let me play a little bit.

Ex. 8.. Complete the sentences. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous

tense forms:

1. Mike is at his training practice now. He (improve) _________ his jumping technigues. He (improve) _________ it since his last failure..

2. Now we're in the gym. We (warm up) ________ . We (warm up) ________ for 20 minutes.

3. It’s early morning. I (swim) _________ in the swimming-pool. I (swim) _________ since 6 o’clock.

4. A: You look busy now. What (you, do) _________ ?

B: I (work) _________ on my experiment. It's a long and difficult experiment.

A: How long (you, work) _________ on it?

B: I started planning it last January. I (work) _________ on it since then.

5.Robert is going to his training camp. He (wait)_____for the bus. He (wait)____

for the bus for 20 minutes.

6.The boys (play)_______soccer right now. They (play)_______ for almost two hours.

Ex. 9. Complete the sentences. Use the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous. In some sentences two forms are possible:

1. The sports complex isn't far from here. I (walk) _________ there many times.

2. I'm tired. We (walk) _________ for more than an hour. Let's stop and rest for a while.

3. He (work) _________ as a coach for fifteen years. He likes his job.

4. I (read) _________ this chapter in my anatomy book three times and I still don't understand it.

5. She is getting tired. She (train) _________ for two hours. I think she needs a break.

6.He (teach) _________ children swimming for twenty years. He's one of the best coaches in this swimming club.

7.A: Hi, Jenny. I (see,not)_______you for weeks

What (do, you)_______lately?

B: Studying.

Ex. 10. Fill in the correct tense. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. -Dr. N.K.Jones is a good PE teacher.

- How long (teach, he)_______at the university?

-He (teach)_______here for twenty-five years.

2. He will have to give up football as he (get)_______to old.

3. His performance at last championship (prove)____ that he (loose)_______physical condition.

4. N. (pass)________to S….and S. (score)_________.

5. Although he (train)_________hard, he (not, win) ________the race.

6. He ( cycle)________ to the stadium when I (see)_________him.

7. Hurry up! The match (start)____ already by the time we (come)_______.

8. Don’t make so much noise! He (sleep)_______ .

9. Our coach is seriously ill. We (see, not)________him since last week.

SEQUENCE OF TENSES

Ex. 11. Complete the sentences by changing Direct speech to Reported speech. Use sequence of tenses:

Model 1: Mike asked: “Where is our coach?”

Mike asked where our coach was.

Model 2: Mike said: “I’ll help you with this element.”

Mike said (that) he would help me with that element.

Model 3: Mike said: “I attended a very intresting football match yesterday.”

Mike said (that) he had attended a very interesting football match the day

before.

Model 4: Mike asked: “Have you ever taken part in a regional race?”

Mike asked if I had ever taken part in a regional race.

1. My coach said: “You have lost your physical condition”.

My coach said…………………………………………

2. My team-mate informed me: “ I’m going to join the Dynamo football team”.

My team-mate informed me………………………………….

3. One of my group-mates remarked: “You are gaining weight.”

One of my group-mates remarked………………………………………..

4. Our PE teacher stated: “ Everybody must pass sports proficiency tests.”

Our PE teacher stated………………………………………………

5. My friend asked me: “How do you like living in Minsk?”

My friend asked me………………………………………………

6. My father often told me:” Don’t read so much in the evening.”

My father often told me…………………………………………..

7. Our athletic trainer said: “ Stay in the training camp for one week more, Mike”

Our athletic trainer told……………………………………………………….

8. My first coach used to say:” To be physically fit is very important for everybody.”

My first coach used to say………………………………………………………

9. “Can I take your skis?” my sister asked me.

My sister asked me…………………………………………………………..

10. In his last letter my English friend wrote:”I attended the Cup Final match at the Wembley Stadium. It was great!”

In his last letter my English friend wrote………………………………………………

Lesson 2. Focus on Reading

Pre-Reading Activities

Step 1. Word Power

Ex. 1. Read the following international words. Give their Russian equivalents:

olympic a continent nn

ceremony n salute n

march v symbol n

honour n dramatic a

alphabet n transport v

Ex. 2. Read the words with the stress:

a) on the first syllable:

thousand colouful ceremony organise

several ancient symbol valley

normally journey mountain custom

amateur continent motto major

b) on the second syllable:

together encourage attention attend

compete consist resort apart

example combine excitement particularly

promote original declare salute

c) the words which have three and more syllables:

interlocking delegation independent

represent alphabetical

Ex. 3. Look at the way we can make nouns by adding “-ance” to some verbs. Translate the nouns:

to attend v + ance ------- attendance

посещение

1. to occur

2. to admit

3. to perform

4. to enter

5. to assist

Ex. 4. Learn the words and translate the word combinations and sentences:

1. attend v присутствовать, посещать

attendance n присутствие, посешение

lectures присутствовать на лекциях

to attend games посещать игры

competitions посещать соревнования

meetings присутствовать на собраниях

e.g. Several million people attend the games and hundreds of millions throughout the world watch them on television.

2. consist (of) v состоять (из), включать

e.g. The Olympic Games consist of the Summer Games and Winter Games.

3. resort n курорт, курортное место

health курорт

summer resort летний курорт

winter зимний курорт

e.g. The Summer Games are held in a major city, and the Winter Games are held in a winter resort.

4. apart adv. oтдельно, порознь

5. excitement n волнение

excite v волновать

e.g. Colourful ceremonies combine with athletic compe­tition to create the special feeling of excitement that surrounds the Olympics.

6. surround v окружать

surroundings n окружение

7. impressive а впечатляющий, производящий глубокое впечатление

impression n впечатление

e.g. The opening ceremony is particularly impressive.

8. order n последовательность, порядок

e.g. At the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games the athletes march into the stadium in alphabetical order by country, depending on the spelling of each nation’s name in the language of the host country.

9. declare v объявлять, провозглашать

e.g. The head of state of the host country of the Olympic Games declares the games open.

10. flame n огонь, пламя

e.g. The most dramatic moment of the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games is the lighting of the Olympic Flame.

12. relay n эстафета

13. torch n факел

e.g. Runners in cross-country relays bring a lighted torch into the stadium.

14. valley n долина

e.g. Runners bring a lighted torch from the valley of Olympia, Greece, where the ancient Olympics were held.

15. represent v представлять, символизировать

the country страну

to represent the team представлять команду

the company компанию

e.g. This delegation represents Greece.

16. custom n обычай, традиция

e.g. The custom of the lighting of the Olympic flame started in 1936.

17. encourage поддерживать, поощрять

a man поощрять человека

to encourage peace поддерживать мир

a player поддерживать игрока

e.g. The modern Olympics were organized to encourage world peace and friendship.

18. promote v содействовать распространению, развитию

sport спорта

to promote education содействовать развитию образования

business бизнеса

e.g. The modern Olympics were organized to promote amateur athletics.

19. symbol n символ, эмблема

e.g. The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings.

20. interlock v соединять, сцепливать

e.g. Five interlocking rings of the Olympic symbol represent the continents of Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America.

21. recreation n активный отдых, физкультура

e.g. Sports and recreation activities make people healthy.

Step 2. Reading Practice

Task 1. Before you read Text A say what you already know about the Olympic Games.

Task 2. Read the text and find the answers to the questions:

1.What do the Olympic Games consist of?

2.Where have the Olympics been normally held?

3. How do the athletes march into the stadium at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games?

4. Who lights the Olympic Flame?

5. Why were the modern Olympic Games organized?

6. What does the Olympic symbol represent?

7. What is the Olympic motto?