- •Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Казанский государственный технический университет им. А.Н.Туполева
- •Английский язык
- •Lesson 1 Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •Ex.2 Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect Tense.
- •The Passive Voice Страдательный залог
- •History Part I.
- •Part II.
- •Modern electronics
- •Exercises to the texts:
- •Listening and speaking.
- •Task 3. Check your answers to Task 3 with the help of the text and diagrams.
- •Task 4. Label each step in this flowchart with the correct letter from the list. The first one is done for you.
- •Task 5. Read the text below, then look at these statements. Are they true or false? You may need to use your own knowledge as well as information from the text.
- •Lesson 2 Reported Speech (Косвенная речь)
- •Exercises:
- •Reported Questions (Вопросы в косвенной речи).
- •Reported Commands and Requests Приказания и просьбы в косвенной речи
- •Alfred nobel - a man of contrasts.
- •Notes to the text.
- •Listening and speaking.
- •Task 4. Read this advice on 'Mixing down'. Listen again to Part 2. Then note the points in this text which are additional to those given on the tape.
- •Lesson 3. Conditional Sentences (Условные предложения)
- •Союзы, вводящие условные предложения.
- •Exercises:
- •What is an electric current?
- •Notes on the text
- •Words to be learnt.
- •Carbon dioxide emission
- •Listening and Speaking.
- •Course Guide
- •Information Technology
- •Lesson 4. The Participle.
- •Forms of the Participle II
- •Functions and translation
- •Complex Object with the Participle /сложное дополнение/
- •Complex Subject with the Participle.
- •Absolute Participle Construction /Независимый причастный оборот/.
- •Особенности перевода
- •Holographic technique helps in testing and research.
- •Words to be learnt
- •Listening and speaking.
- •Gerundial Object
- •Indefinite Gerund Passive (being written)
- •Сравнение герундия и причастия.
- •Exercises:
- •Sources of power
- •Notes on the Text:
- •Words to be learnt:
- •Revision
- •Listening and speaking
- •Lesson 6 The Infinitive
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Functions
- •Complex Object with the Infinitive.
- •It consists of two elements.
- •Complex Subject with the Infinitive
- •Grammar exercises
- •Ex.2 Translate the phrases with the Infinitive.
- •Ex.3 Grammar review.
- •Translate and define the functions of the infinitive.
- •Vocabulary to be learnt:
- •Ex. 3 Define the meanings of the phrases with international words.
- •Revision
- •Listening and speaking
- •Search reading
- •Read yourself
- •A new pedestrian crossing strategy
- •Viruses
- •2. Decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) in relation to the information in the text. If you feel a statement is false, change it to make it true.
- •Database management systems
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Translate the international words without a dictionary.
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Translate the international words without a dictionary:
- •3. Define what parts of speech these words are and translate them:
- •Transistors and semiconductors
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Translate the international words without a dictionary:
- •3. Explain what meanings prefixes and suffixes give to the following words and translate the words:
- •Amplifiers
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Make up an abstract of the text basing on the answers to the above questions.
- •3. Define to what parts of speech these words belong and translate them:
- •Check yourself
- •Variant I Computers in our life
- •Grammar test
- •Variant II
- •Virtual worlds
- •Grammar test
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Irreqular verbs
- •Appendix 3 Чтение дробных и смешанных величин
- •Словообразование (Word Formation) Суффиксы
- •Приставки
- •Derivatives
- •Synonyms
- •Opposites correct – wrong; continue – interrupt; free – bound; presence – absence; remain – leave; begin – complete, finish safe – dangerous
- •Vocabulary
- •Литература
Lesson 2 Reported Speech (Косвенная речь)
При переводе повествовательного предложения из прямой речи в косвенную производятся следующие изменения:
а) повествовательное предложение вводится союзом that, который, однако, часто опускается:
Не says, "They will achieve success."— He says (that) they will achieve success.
б) личные и притяжательные местоимения заменяются по смыслу:
Не says, "I’ve just seen your elder brother."—He says (that) he has just seen my elder brother.
в) если после глагола to say имеется предложное дополнение, указывающее на лицо, к которому обращена речь, то он заменяется глаголом to tell:
She has said to me, "I'm awfully tired."—She has told me that she is awfully tired.
Если глагол в главном предложении стоит в Past, Simple, Past Continuous или Past Perfect, то время глагола прямой речи должно быть заменено в соответствии с правилами согласования времен.
При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную заменяются следующие времена:
Direct Speech |
Reported Speech |
Present Simple Present Continuous Past Simple Perfect Present Future Simple |
Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Future in the Past |
При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную заменяются следующие указательные местоимения, наречия времени и места:
Direct Speech |
Reported Speech |
this — these now today yesterday the day before yesterday tomorrow the day after tomorrow next week (month, year)
last week (year)
|
that—those; the then that day the day before two days before the next day; the following day in two days' time the following (the next) week (month, year) the previous week (year), a year (a week) before |
Direct Speech |
Reported Speech |
|||
He said,
He said to me,
|
"Peter is looking through the pa- per now." "I went to see them the day before yesterday." "I'll go there tomor- row."
"My father died a year ago." |
He said (that)
He told me (that)
|
Peter was looking through the paper then.
he had gone to see them two days before.
he would go there the following day.
his father had died a year before. |
Note:
1. При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную Past Simple и Past Continuous могут сохраняться без изменения, если указано время совершения действия.
Не said, "Bernard Shaw visited the Soviet Union in 1928."
He said that Bernard Shaw visited the Soviet Union in 1928.
She said, "I met my schoolteacher when I was getting out of the train at Victoria
Station." — She said she met her schoolteacher when she was getting out of
the train at Victoria Station.
2. При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную Past Perfect не изменяется.
Не said to me, "The book had been out by last June." — He told me (that) the book had been out by the previous June.
3. а) Если говорящий сообщает о происходящем в тот же день, то наречия времени не изменяются.
At breakfast this morning he said, "I'll be very busy today". — At breakfast this morning he said that he would be very busy today.
б) Наречия будущего времени могут корректироваться в зависимости от того, когда передается косвенная речь.
On Monday John says to Tom, "I'm leaving the day after tomorrow."
On Tuesday Tom sees Bill and says to him, "John said he was leaving tomorrow".
On Wednesday Tom may say to Ben, "John said he was leaving today".