- •Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Казанский государственный технический университет им. А.Н.Туполева
- •Английский язык
- •Lesson 1 Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •Ex.2 Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect Tense.
- •The Passive Voice Страдательный залог
- •History Part I.
- •Part II.
- •Modern electronics
- •Exercises to the texts:
- •Listening and speaking.
- •Task 3. Check your answers to Task 3 with the help of the text and diagrams.
- •Task 4. Label each step in this flowchart with the correct letter from the list. The first one is done for you.
- •Task 5. Read the text below, then look at these statements. Are they true or false? You may need to use your own knowledge as well as information from the text.
- •Lesson 2 Reported Speech (Косвенная речь)
- •Exercises:
- •Reported Questions (Вопросы в косвенной речи).
- •Reported Commands and Requests Приказания и просьбы в косвенной речи
- •Alfred nobel - a man of contrasts.
- •Notes to the text.
- •Listening and speaking.
- •Task 4. Read this advice on 'Mixing down'. Listen again to Part 2. Then note the points in this text which are additional to those given on the tape.
- •Lesson 3. Conditional Sentences (Условные предложения)
- •Союзы, вводящие условные предложения.
- •Exercises:
- •What is an electric current?
- •Notes on the text
- •Words to be learnt.
- •Carbon dioxide emission
- •Listening and Speaking.
- •Course Guide
- •Information Technology
- •Lesson 4. The Participle.
- •Forms of the Participle II
- •Functions and translation
- •Complex Object with the Participle /сложное дополнение/
- •Complex Subject with the Participle.
- •Absolute Participle Construction /Независимый причастный оборот/.
- •Особенности перевода
- •Holographic technique helps in testing and research.
- •Words to be learnt
- •Listening and speaking.
- •Gerundial Object
- •Indefinite Gerund Passive (being written)
- •Сравнение герундия и причастия.
- •Exercises:
- •Sources of power
- •Notes on the Text:
- •Words to be learnt:
- •Revision
- •Listening and speaking
- •Lesson 6 The Infinitive
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Functions
- •Complex Object with the Infinitive.
- •It consists of two elements.
- •Complex Subject with the Infinitive
- •Grammar exercises
- •Ex.2 Translate the phrases with the Infinitive.
- •Ex.3 Grammar review.
- •Translate and define the functions of the infinitive.
- •Vocabulary to be learnt:
- •Ex. 3 Define the meanings of the phrases with international words.
- •Revision
- •Listening and speaking
- •Search reading
- •Read yourself
- •A new pedestrian crossing strategy
- •Viruses
- •2. Decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) in relation to the information in the text. If you feel a statement is false, change it to make it true.
- •Database management systems
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Translate the international words without a dictionary.
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Translate the international words without a dictionary:
- •3. Define what parts of speech these words are and translate them:
- •Transistors and semiconductors
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Translate the international words without a dictionary:
- •3. Explain what meanings prefixes and suffixes give to the following words and translate the words:
- •Amplifiers
- •1. Review questions:
- •2. Make up an abstract of the text basing on the answers to the above questions.
- •3. Define to what parts of speech these words belong and translate them:
- •Check yourself
- •Variant I Computers in our life
- •Grammar test
- •Variant II
- •Virtual worlds
- •Grammar test
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Irreqular verbs
- •Appendix 3 Чтение дробных и смешанных величин
- •Словообразование (Word Formation) Суффиксы
- •Приставки
- •Derivatives
- •Synonyms
- •Opposites correct – wrong; continue – interrupt; free – bound; presence – absence; remain – leave; begin – complete, finish safe – dangerous
- •Vocabulary
- •Литература
Listening and speaking
Task 1 As you listen, answer these questions:
1 Why do some people prefer LPs?
2 What is the expert's choice?
3 What are the advantages of CDs?
4 What is the difference between analogue and digital recording?
5 Why does digital recording produce better quality sound?
6 What disadvantages of CDs does he give?
7 What does he mean by marketing?
8 What might be the effect of so many people having CD players?
9 Which audio system does he favour?
10 What's his longterm forecast?
11 What would be the advantage of such a system?
Task 2 Here is the completed table of differences. Listen again to the tape. Tick the differences the expert mentions.
|
|
LPs |
CDs |
|
1. Recording system 2. Sound quality 3. Access 4. Audio pattern 5. Material 6. Playing mechanism 7. Durability 8. Size 9. Playing time |
analogue poorer than the original serial grooves vinyl mechanical easily damaged 12 inches 45 minutes |
digital like the original random pits perspex laser does not deteriorate 12 cm 74 minutes |
Language study Comparison and contrast, 2.
In this unit we will examine some other ways to describe differences: to make contrasts.
On the tape the expert contrasted:
1 LPs and CDs
2 analogue and digital recording
3 CDs and newer systems
Here are some of the things he said:
They (CDs) use laser light rather than a needle.
LPs are analogue recordings while CDs are digital.
It (an analogue signal) can have any value ... but in digital the signal is either on
or off.
You can process a digital signal with greater accuracy than a constantly varying signal.
Here are some other expressions used to make contrasts:
differ from is/are different from in contrast to whereas unlike
Task 3 Look back at the table of differences in Task 2. Contrast LPs and CDs for each point in the table. Use the expressions from the examples listed above. For example:
Unlike LPs, CDs use a digital recording system.
Lesson 6 The Infinitive
Инфинитив – неличная форма глагола, которая обладает свойствами существительного, глагола, прилагательного. Представляет основу глагола, которой обычно предшествует частица to.
Формы инфинитива
|
Tense |
Active |
Passive |
|
Simple |
to help |
to be helped |
|
Continuous |
to be helping |
– |
|
Perfect |
to have helped |
to have been helped |
|
Perfect Continuous |
to have been helping |
– |
-
Indefinite Infinitive – действия одновременные с действием, выраженным сказуемым.
I am glad to see you.– Я рад тебя видеть.
I was glad to see you.– Я был рад тебя видеть.
-
Continuous Infinitive – действие в процессе развертывания, одновременное с действием, выраженным сказуемым.
She happened to be listening to music then.– Оказалось, что она тогда слушала музыку.
-
Perfect Infinitive – действие, которое предшествует тому, которое выражено сказуемым.
I happened to have read the book before.– Оказалось, что я прочел эту книгу раньше.
-
Perfect Continuous – действие, занимающее период времени до действия, выраженного сказуемым.
I have little money. I seem to have been living on bread and water for a week.– У меня мало денег. Кажется, что я неделю прожил на хлебе и воде.
5. Passive Infinitive
It’s glorious to love and to be loved.– Прекрасно любить и быть любимым.
She happened to have been informed.– Оказалось, что её уже проинформировали.