3. Structural types of words and principles of morphemes analysis

According to the number of morphemes words can be classified into monomorphic and polimorphic. Monomorphic or root words consist of only 1 root morpheme and suck words are called simple words. Polimorphic words consist of more than 1 morpheme. They fall into 2 subgroups: derived and compound words. Compound words consist of 2 or more root morphemes or stems. They can be both root an derivational morpheme in compound or only root morphemes. (frogman - аквалангист). When speaking about morphemic structure of the word 3 terms are to be discriminated: root, stem, word. The root is a morphologically indivisual basic on which are words made. The root is a morphologically indivisual basic on which are w-ds made. The stem is the part of th word which carries the lexical and part-of-speech meanings and to which the grammatical and word-building affixes are added. The stem has no grammatical form or functions. And has only 1 lexical meaning and part-of-speech meaning. That’s why stems are usually called noun stems, adjective stems e t c. In case of simple and primary words the stem coincides with the root formally. A stem is set to be simple if it consists of a single morpheme, the root. (handy – simple stem) A stem is set to be derived if it consists of a root morpheme and 1 o more affixes (carefully – derived stem).

The most important role in the language and speech play root words. The root words constitute the foundation and the backbone of the vocabulary. They are characterized by the high degree of collocability (сочетаемость) and the complex variety of meanings. Their semantic structure is reacher than that of derived words. The root words are of great importance for forming all types of derived and compound words.

Principals of morphemic analyses

In most cases the morphemic structure is clearly seem and the word can be divided into certain morphemes. The segmentation of the words is geneally carried out according to the method of immidiate (непоср.) and ultimate (конечная) constituance (составляющая). Each stage of the segmentation involves 2 meaningful components: These 2 components are called the immediate constituance. In each term each immediate constituance may be broken into smaller meaningful elements. The analysis is completed when we arrive at constituance incapable (не способный) of further division. Those further non-divisible elements of the words are called ultimate constituance(boyishness).

But it’s not always ??? that divide w-ds into certain m-ms.In a number of cases it’s very difficult to carry out a cigmantation of w-ds.A group of w-ds including pseudom-ns in such w-ds as:receive,deceive,conseive,retain,detain,contain,neither(re,de,con).The second point-ceive,tain possess lex-l m-g.They don’thave lex-l m-g,pseudom-ms.Another group of w-ds which presents a difficulty in such w-ds as locket,dragonet we see that they consist oa a root m-m(lock,man)and the suf-s it with a dominative m-g.The comparing the w-d “pocket” with the mentioned above w-ds shows that –pock doesn’t occur in any other w-ds and has no lex-l m-g and –et is a suf-x here.That’s the case of the so-called unique root.They make a specific group of bound m-ms not recreant in other w-ds and possessing only dif-t and distributional m-g.Another group is such w-ds is such e-ds as –telegraph,telephone.They consist of m-ms with definite lex-l m-g(tele means for,graph-write,phone-sound,micro-small).They don’t occur independently in speech.And these w-ds can be referred as bound root m-ms of a special kind.Another group of w=ds which present some difficulty is the w-ds with such root m-ms as –man,manger,prouve.This part are repeated in such a large number of w-ds that they began to loose their lex-l m-g and resemble derivational m-ms(postman,frogman,computerman,milkman,manager,fishmanger,fashionmanger,water prouve).To this group also belong w-ds with a follow root-m-ms –ill,half,well,self in such w-ds as –illfed,illdressed,halfdone,welldone,wellfed,selfmade man.They come to occupy a kind of intermediate position between roots and af-s,because they seem to retain the states of roots,on the one hand,and have become at the same time more indicative of a generalize m-g than thr individual lex-l m-g proper.They all form a group of semiaf-s.That’s root m-ms functioning as derivational m-g.