15. Types of meaning.

There are the following types of meaning:1)grammatical meaning.2)lexical meaning.Grammatical meaning is definied as an expression in speech of relationship between words.Each eord in speech has some grammatical meaning.Grammatical meaning is abstract and general.it belongs to all words in certain class. All grammatical categories such as number, tense,case, voice, person constitute the grammatical meaning that's the meaning of part of speech.Lexical meaning is the meaning proper to a given linguistic unit in all its forms and distributions. Lexical meaning is individual. It's different for each separate word. It's always present in all the forms of the words.(to go-went-gone).It makes communication possible because it's the realization of the concept by means of a given language system.lexical sysrem  consists of the following components:a)denotational,b)connotational.Denotational  or material meaning of the word is the expression of the general concept(notion) through 1 or several features, or indications which have come to represent the whole concept.The material meaning is closely connected with nominal meaning, because most words name things but there are words which only name a single thing to differentiate it from other thing of the same kind(Jorge,Smith,London). These words also have their material meaning but their  nominal meaning is stronger and more important.The nominal meaning is usually derived from the material meaning(Smith-кузнец,Mr. Smith). But there also cases in which the material meaning is derived from the nominal meaning.(Don Quixote and from this name the word was derived quixotic-донкихотский,boycote).The context also influences the material meaning and changes it(to know-he knows very little of it,funny little chap said :he always knows me, he is the only Forsite who knows the horse from donkey). The material meaning-знать,contextual meaning-узнавать,отличать.The contextual meaning of the word is the realization of one of the meaning of the word in certain context.So,the denotational component consists of the material meaning,nominal meaning and contextual meaning. Whan we speak we usually express out attitude to the thing we speak about.Our attitude is expressed through emotional( connatational0 meaning which the word can take on  in addition to its material meaning. Connotational lexical component do not serve as a name for a thing.The connotational component of meaning expresses of evokes emotions. Thus the connotational component is the emotive charge of the word, the stylistic value of the word,its stylistic colouring.(doggy,sunny,sissy). There are words in which the emotional meaning prevales over the material(a less, bravo). Summing up,rhere are differenr approaches to the problems of meaning. Meaning is closely connected but not identical with notion, referent, and sound form. The main types of meaning are grammatical,lexical.Lexical meaning is viewed as having the denotational and connotational components.The denotational components(material meaning) is actually what makes communication possible. The connotational component is its stylistic value.