- •Participle I
- •§ 129. Participle I is a non-finite form of the verb with some adjectival and adverbial features. It is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the stem of the verb.
- •Forms of participle I
- •Participle II
- •Voice peculiarities of participle II
- •§ 143. Participle II of transitive verbs, when it is not part of a perfect form, is always passive in meaning.
- •Participle as predicative:
- •Participle as attribute
- •Practice
- •Compare the following pairs:
- •Open the brackets using the correct form of the Participle.
- •Participle as adverbial modifier
- •§ 133. All four forms of participle I can function as adverbial modifiers of different semantic types (time, reason, manner, attendant circumstances and sometimes condition, concession, comparison).
- •Practice
- •Practice
- •Practice
- •§ 133. As an adverbial of comparison the participle is always preceded by the conjunction as if, as though:
- •Practice
- •Practice
- •Participle as parenthesis
- •Revision
- •The objective participial construction with participle I
- •§ 137. Participle I may function as part of a predicative construction, entering into a predicative relationship with some nominal element and forming a syntactical unit with it.
- •Notes: infinitive or participle I?
- •Prepositional absolute participial construction with participle I
- •§ 152. The prepositional absolute construction with participle II.
- •Revision
- •Test yourself
- •I. Choose the correct participle.
- •II. Replace the Infinitive in brackets by the appropriate form of the Participle.
- •III. State the function of the Participle.
- •IV. Rewrite the sentences using participles.
- •V. Translate into English.
- •Supplement
- •Russian Equivalents of Participles Used as Attributes [Drozdova p330] active
- •Passive
- •Compare
- •Russian Equivalents of Participles Used as Adverbial Modifiers[Drozdova p331]
- •Bibliography
Revision
Define the type of participial construction.
1. Andrew went into the house with his heart beating fast.
2. She was smoking now, her eyes narrowed thoughtfully.
3.The ship’s band didn’t play in the morning, it being Sunday.
4. Mabel hurried out of the car and walked away, tears streaming down her face.
5.We must get out tickets registered.
6. I could see my magazines being taken away.
7. This said, he turned and fixed his eyes on them.
8. Do you smell something burning?
9. She went on reading with her eyes fixed on the pages of the book.
10. We found the orange peeled.
11. I can’t walk with my leg broken.
12. John having left the room to ring for a taxi as arranged, Mary sat down again to wait for him.
Test yourself
(40 points)
I. Choose the correct participle.
1. He was encouraging/encouraged towards his children.
2. They found the film very excited/exciting.
3. He was exhausting/exhausted after the marathon.
4. They were worrying/worried that they would be late.
5. Her behavior is extremely annoying/annoyed.
6. We were shocking/shocked by his behavior.
7. She told us a very entertaining/entertained story.
8. They were all surprising/surprised when he turned up at the party.
9. That book is really interested/interesting.
10. They were fascinated/fascinating by the view.
10 points
II. Replace the Infinitive in brackets by the appropriate form of the Participle.
1. (to take) a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
2. The train (to arrive) on platform four is one hour late.
3. I … my leg (to break) in a football match yesterday.
4. He knows the language better than a foreigner usually does, (to live) in France for a long time.
5. The girl was fascinated by the dark surface of the water (to reflect) the stars.
6. The young foliage of the trees, (to reflect) in the river, looked like lace.
7. The weather (to be) cold, he put on his jacket.
8. The room has a musty smell as though (not to live) in for quite a time.
9. The police found the money (to hide) in a disused garage.
10. My brother is a soldier just (to come) back home on leave.
10 points
III. State the function of the Participle.
1. Not understanding the rule, she asked the teacher to explain it to her once more.
2. She stood silent, her lips pressed together.
3. Tom heard the witness pronouncing his name.
4. Though arrived, the mail didn’t contain the information awaited.
5. I was reminded of a painting seen in the gallery.
5 points
IV. Rewrite the sentences using participles.
-
MODEL: He was lying on the bed and he was reading a book.
...He was lying on the bed reading a book.............
1 Lisa took a deep breath and dived into the water.
2 Jack burnt his finger while he was lighting a tire.
3 As the front door was open, she could see straight through the house.
4 Because he was cold. James turned on the heater.
5 The photographs, which were taken at the reception, were blurred.
6 If time permits, we shall come a few days earlier.
7 Jane arranged for a workman to repair her car.
8 As the goods were packed in strong cases, the goods arrived in good condition.
9 The girl who is sitting next to Alison is Vicky.
10 As the rules were very strict, the doorkeeper didn’t permit Bill to enter.
10 points