- •Unit 1 about myself
- •I. Гласные звуки [I], [I:].
- •II. Text a: «About myself»,
- •III. Личные местоимения, определенный и неопределенный артикль, множественное число существительных. Phonetic warm-up (Фонетическая разминка)
- •Text a: “about myself”
- •Vocabulary:
- •Add to your active vocabulary (пополни свой активный словарь):
- •Text b: “my biography”
- •Grammar
- •I like coffee and tea. Friendship is very important in our life.
- •I told Jane about that.
- •I have read page eight of the magazine.
- •I don't know the name of this pupil.
- •Притяжательный падеж существительных
- •The boy's books — The boys' books
- •Unit 2 my working day
- •I. Гласные звуки [е], [æ].
- •II. Text a: «My working day»,
- •III. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий, порядок слов в английском предложении, типы вопросов.
- •Text a: «my working day»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Add to your active vocabulary
- •Text в: «nick's usual working day»
- •Grammar
- •§ 1. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
- •Interesting — more (less) interesting — most (least) interesting,
- •§ 2. Порядок слов в английском предложении
- •§ 3. Основные типы вопросов, используемые в английском языке
- •Порядок слов в общем вопросе
- •Порядок слов в специальном вопросе
- •1. Общие
- •2. Специальные
- •3. Разделительные
- •Unit 3 my academy
- •I. Гласные звуки [а:], [], дифтонги [э], [ei].
- •II. Text a: «My Academy»,
- •III. §1. Безличные и неопределенно-личные предложения.
- •§2. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, отрицательное местоимение по и их производные.
- •Text a: «ann's academy»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Add to your active vocabulary
- •Text b: «moscow state university»
- •Grammar
- •I cannot find this book anywhere.
- •Unit 4 my home town
- •I. Гласные звуки [u:], [u].
- •II. Text a: «Sochi».
- •Ii1.§1. Местоимения little и few и местоименные выражения a little и a few.
- •§2. Оборот there is / there are.
- •Text a: «sochi» «Big Sochi — the best place on the Earth!»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Add to your active vocabulary:
- •Text b: «rostov-on-don»
- •Grammar
- •§1. Местоимения little и few и местоименные выражения a little и a few.
- •I have a few friends in Minsk I've got only few pencils in the box.
- •§2. Оборот there is / there are.
- •Unit 5 russia is my homeland
- •I. Гласные звуки [o:], [o], дифтонг [эu].
- •II. Text a: «The Russian Federation», Text b: «Moscow».
- •III. §1. Времена английского глагола,
- •§2. Правильные и неправильные глаголы.
- •Text a: «the russian federation»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text b: «moscow»
- •Grammar
- •§1. Времена английского глагола.
- •§2. Правильные и неправильные глаголы.
- •Exercise 5.13. Change the sentences into questions as in the example. Answer the questions.
- •Unit 6
- •The united kingdom
- •I. Дифтонги [iэ], [ai], согласный [h].
- •II. Text a: «United Kingdom», Text b: «History of London».
- •III.Модальные глаголы и их заменители.
- •Text a «the united kingdom»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Exercise 6.1. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 6.2. Use the following phrases and word combinations to retell the text:
- •Exercise 6.3. Discuss the following statements. Use the following phrases to express your opinion:
- •Text b: "history of london"
- •General understanding:
- •Grammar
- •Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
- •Might — прошедшее время
- •Must — должен, обязан.
- •После модальных глаголов и некоторых их эквивалентов инфинитив употребляется без частицы to.
- •Значения:
- •Exercise 6.7. Analyse the use of modal verbs and translate the following sentences:
- •Exercise 6.8. Insert necessary modal verbs:
- •Exercise 6.9. Translate into English using modal verbs:
- •Unit 7
- •The united states of america
- •§2. Страдательный залог.
- •Согласный звук []
- •Text a: «the united states of america»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Add to your active vocabulary:
- •Exercise 7.1. Translate into English:
- •Text в: «transport system of the usa»
- •Roads and Railways
- •General understanding:
- •Grammar
- •§1. Согласование времен в главном и придаточном предложениях.
- •Exercise 7.2. Open the brackets. Pay attention to the Sequence of Tenses. Translate the sentences into English.
- •§2. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice).
- •Exercise 7.3. Translate into English. Determine the Tense and Voice of the verb:
- •Exercise 7.4. Translate into English. Determine the Tense and Voice of the verb:
- •Exercise 7.5. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form:
- •Exercise 7.6. Translate into English:
- •Exercise 7.7. Translate into English:
- •Unit 8
- •Higher education in the uk
- •I. Согласные звуки [w], [].
- •II. Text a: «Higher Education In the uk».
- •III.§1. Сложное дополнение (Complex object).
- •§2. Причастие и герундий.
- •Text a: "higher education in the uk»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Add to your active vocabulary:
- •Exercise 8.1. Translate into English:
- •Grammar
- •§1. Сложное дополнение (Complex object).
- •Exercise 8.2. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form:
- •Exercise 8.3. Translate into English:
- •§2. Причастие и герундий. Их отличие.
- •(Participle I)
- •Причастие II (Participle II)
- •Употребление герундия и его отличие от причастия I
- •Герундий употребляется:
- •Reading is useful.
- •He started reading the book.
- •Exercise 8.4. Open the brackets using the gerund:
- •Unit 9
- •My future profession
- •§2. Сослагательное наклонение в условных предложениях.
- •Text a: "my future profession"
- •Vocabulary:
- •Add to your active vocabulary:
- •To look for a new job (work, position) — искать новую работу
- •Exercise 9.1. Translate into English:
- •Text b «the future of the engineering profession»
- •General understanding:
- •Grammar
- •§1. Придаточные предложения условия и времени. Действие которых отнесено к будущему.
- •Exercise 9.4. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the right form:
- •Exercise 9.5. Make up adjectives from the following words:
- •§2. Сослагательное наклонение в условных предложениях,
- •Exercise 9.6. Translate into Russian:
- •Unit 1
- •I. Text a: «Metals», Text b: «Steel», Text c: «Methods of steel heat treatment»
- •II. Famous Scientists. Dmitry Ivanovlch Mendeleyev.
- •Text a: «metals»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 1.1. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
- •Exercise 1.2. Complete the following sentences:
- •Exercise 1.3. Explain in English the meaning of the following words:
- •Exercise 1.4. Translate into English:
- •Text в: «steel»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 1.5. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
- •Text с: «methods of steel heat treatment»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 1.6. Translate into English the following words and word combinations:
- •Famous people of science
- •Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev
- •Unit 2
- •Metalworking
- •Text a: «metalworking processes»
- •Rolling
- •Extrusion
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 2.1. Find the following in the text:
- •Exercise 2.2. Translate into English:
- •Text в: «drawing»
- •Sheet metal forming
- •Forging
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 2.3. Find the following word combinations in the text:
- •Exercise 2.4. Translate into English:
- •Text c: «metalworking and metal propeties»
- •Vocabulary
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 2.5. Find the following in the text:
- •Exercise 2.6. Translate into English:
- •Famous scientists
- •Materials science and technology
- •Text a: «mechanical properties Of materials»
- •Vocabulary
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 3.1. Find the following in the text:
- •Exercise 3.2. Translate into English the following sentences:
- •Text в: «Mechanical Properties of Materials»
- •Vocabulary
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 3.3. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
- •Exercise 3.4. Translate into English the following:
- •«Famous people of science and engineering»
- •Unit 4
- •Machine-tools
- •I. Text a: «Machine-tools», Text b: «Lathe»,
- •Text c: «Milling, boring, drilling machines. Shapers and Planers», Text d: «Dies»
- •II. Famous people of science and technology: George Stephenson, Robert Slephenson.
- •Text a: «machine-toois»
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text b: «lathe»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 4.1. Find English equivalents in the text:
- •Exercise 4.2. Translate into English:
- •Text с: «milling machine»
- •Drilling and Boring Machines
- •Shapers and Planers
- •Grinders
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 4.3. Translate into English:
- •Text d: «dies»
- •Wiredrawing Dies
- •Thread-Cutting Dies
- •Vocabulary:
- •Exercise 4.4. Find English equivalents in the text:
- •Exercise 4.5. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Famous people of science and engineering
- •George Stephenson
- •Unit 5
- •Plastics
- •I. Text a: «Plastics», Text b: «Types of plastics», Text c: «Composite Materials»
- •II. Famous People of Science: Alfred Bernhard Nobel.
- •Text a: «plastics»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding
- •Exercise 5.1. Find English equivalents in the text:
- •Exercise 5.2. Translate into English:
- •Text в: «types of plastics»
- •1. Epoxy resin.
- •3. Polystyrene.
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 5.3. Translate into Russian:
- •Exercise 5.4. Translate into English:
- •Text с: «composite materials»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 5.5. Find equivalents in the text:
- •Exercise 5.6. Translate into Russian:
- •Famous inventors
- •Unit 6
- •Welding
- •I. Text a: «Welding», Text в: «Other types of welding»
- •II. Famous People of Science and Technology: James Prescott Joule.
- •Text a: «welding»
- •Gas Welding
- •Arc Welding
- •Shielded Metal Arc
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 6.1. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
- •Text в: «other types of welding»
- •Submerged Arc
- •Resistance Welding
- •Vocabulary
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 6.2. Translate into English:
- •Exercise 6.3. Translate into Russian:
- •Famous people of science and technology
- •Unit 7
- •Automation and robotics
- •I. Text a: «Automation», Text b: «Types of automation»,
- •Text c: «Robots In manufacturing»
- •II. Famous people of science and technology: James Watt.
- •Text a: «automation»
- •Automation in Industry
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 7.1. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
- •Text в: «types of automation»
- •Applications of Automation and Robotics in Industry
- •Vocabulary
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 7.2. Find equivalents in English in the text:
- •Exercise 7.3. Explain in English what does the following mean?
- •Text c: «robots in manufacturing»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 7.4. Translate into English:
- •4. Станки с числовым программным управлением — хороший пример программируемой автоматизации.
- •Famous people of science and engineering
- •James Watt
- •II. Famous people of science and engineering: Charles Babbage.
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 8.1. Which of the listed below terms have Russian equivalents:
- •Exercise 8.2. Which of the listed above statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •Exercise 8.3. Match the following:
- •Exercise 8.4. Translate the text. Retell the text, using the vocabulary.
- •Exercise 8.5. Questions for group discussion:
- •Text b: «hardware»
- •Processing hardware
- •Storage hardware
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 8.6. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •Exercise8.7. Give definitions to the following using the vocabulary
- •Exercise 8.8. Which of the following is Hardware:
- •Exercise 8.9. Match the following:
- •Questions for group discussion:
- •Text c: "types of software»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding
- •Exercise 8.10. Which of the following is Software:
- •Exercise 8.11. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text:
- •Exercise 8.12. Find English equivalents in the text:
- •Exercise 8.13. Give definitions to the following using the vocabulary:
- •Questions for group discussion:
- •Famous people of science and engineering
- •Unit 9
- •Modern computer technologies
- •Text a: «operating systems»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 9.1. Match the following:
- •Exercise 9.2. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •Exercise 9.3. Translate into English:
- •Questions for group discussion:
- •Text b: «windows 95»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 9.4. Which of the listed above statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •Exercise 9.5. Find the equivalents in the text:
- •Text c: «introduction to the www and the internet»
- •Vocabulary:
- •General understanding:
- •Exercise 9.8. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •Exercise 9.9. Define the following using the vocabulary:
- •Exercise 9.10. Find the equivalents:
- •Exercise 9.11. Match the following:
- •Words to match with:
- •Famous people of science and engineering
- •Bill Gates
- •1. Alloys
- •2. Manufacturing of plastics
- •3. Principles and process of polymerisation in plastics production
- •4. Resins
- •Polyurethanes
- •5. Industrial plastics:
- •6. Basic principles of welding
- •7. Gear
- •8. Bearings
- •9. Construction of an automobile
- •11. Direct-current (dc) generators
- •12. Ac motors
- •13. Engineering as a profession
- •Safety Engineering
- •14. Automation in industry.
- •Fixed and programmable automation
- •Numerical control
- •Automated assembly
- •15. History of robotics
- •16. Measurements
- •17. Computers
- •18. History and future of the internet
- •19. Agricultural machinery
- •Предлоги, обозначающие движение
- •Take this book from the table.— Убери книгу со стола. '
- •I come from Russia. — я из России.
- •Предлоги, обозначающие место
- •She is sitting near the table. — Она сидит за столом.
- •Предлоги времени
- •Наиболее употребительные наречия.
- •Наречия места и направления:
- •Наречия времени:
- •Наречия образа действия:
- •Наречия меры и степени:
- •Наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы существительных
- •II. Префиксы существительных
- •Наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы глаголов
- •I. Суффиксы
- •Наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы прилагательных
- •II. Префиксы
-
1) What kind of work are you interested in?
-
a) well paid
-
b) interesting
-
c) in a large and famous company
-
d) quiet
-
e) in an industry which has a future
-
f) prestigious
-
g) not to sit the whole day in the office
-
h) to travel a lot
-
2) What position would you like to have?
-
a) to manage people — manager
-
b) to work for someone else — an employee
-
c) to be your own boss — self-employed, businessman
-
d) to be responsible for everything — top manager, director
-
e) to work for the state — state employee
-
Exercise 9.3. Please discuss with your group advantages and disadvantages of your future profession. Do you think that engineering profession is prestigios? Is it well-paid? How difficult is it to find a good work in this field?
-
-
Text b «the future of the engineering profession»
-
Among various recent trends in the engineering profession computerization is the most widespread. The trend in modern engineering offices is also towards computerization. Computers are increasingly used for solving complex problems as well as for handling, storing, and generating the enormous volume of data modern engineers must work with.
-
Scientific methods of engineering are applied in several fields not connected directly to manufacture and construction. Modern engineering is characterized by the broad application of what is known as systems engineering principles.
-
Engineers in industry work not only with machines but also with people, to determine, for example, how machines can be operated most efficiently by workers. A small change in the location of the controls of a machine or of its position with relation to other machines or equipment, or a change in the muscular movements of the operator, often results in greatly increased production. This type of engineering work is called time-study engineering.
-
A related field of engineering, human-factors engineering, also known as ergonomics, received wide attention in the late 1970s and 1980s when the safety of nuclear reactors was questioned following serious accidents that were caused by operator errors, design failures, and malfunctioning equipment.
-
Human-factors engineering seeks to establish criteria for the efficient, human-centred design of, among other things, the large, complicated control panels that monitor and govern nuclear reactor operations.
-
General understanding:
-
1. What is the most widespread trend in the engineering profession?
-
2. What are computers used for in modern engineering?
-
3. What approaches are used in modern engineering?
-
4. What is «ergonomics»?
-
5. What does human-factors engineering deal with?
-
-
Grammar
-
§1. Придаточные предложения условия и времени. Действие которых отнесено к будущему.
-
В придаточных предложениях условия и времени с союзами
-
If (если),
-
when (когда),
-
after (после),
-
before (перед тем, как),
-
as soon as (как только), ]
-
unless (если не),
-
until (до тех пор, пока не),
-
будущее время заменяется формой настоящего времени, но на русский язык переводится будущим, например:
-
If you help me, I shall do this work. — Если ты поможешь мне, я сделаю эту работу.
-
As soon as I get free, I'll come to you. — Как только я освобожусь, я приду к тебе.
-
We shall not begin until you come. — Мы не начнем, пока ты не придешь.
-
-
Exercise 9.4. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the right form:
-
1. He (go) out when the weather (get) warmer. 2. I (wait) for you until you (come) back from school. 3. I'm afraid the train (start) before we (come) to the station. 4. We (go) to the country tomorrow if the weather (to be) fine. 5. We (not pass) the examination next year if we not (work) harder. 6. If you (not drive) more carefully you (have) an accident. 7. You (be) late if you (not take) a taxi. 8. I (finish) reading this book before I (go) to bed. 9. You must (send) us a telegram as soon as you (arrive). 10. We (have) a picnic tomorrow if it (be) a fine day. 11. We (go) out when it (stop) raining. 12. We (not to have) dinner until you (come). 13. I'm sure they (write) to us when they (know) our new address.
-
-
Прочитайте примеры и запомните наиболее употребительные суффиксы существительных
-
-ег/ог — teacher, writer, actor, doctor
-
-ist — scientist, artist, dentist
-
-ment — government, movement, development
-
-(t)ion — revolution, translation, operation
-
-ity/ty — popularity, honesty, ability
-
-sion/ssion — revision, session, discussion,
-
-ness — happiness, illness, darkness
-
Прочитайте примеры и запомните наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы глаголов.
-
re- — rewrite, rebuild, reconstruct,
-
mis- — misprint, misunderstand, miscount.
-
Прочитайте примеры и запомните наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы прилагательных.
-
un- — unhappy, unable, uncomfortable
-
dis- — dishonest, discouraging, disconnectng
-
Прочитайте примеры и запомните основные суффиксы числительных.
-
-teen — fifteen, sixteen, eighteen
-
-ty — twenty, thirty, sixty, ninety
-
-th — fourth, seventh, eighteenth
-
-
Exercise 9.5. Make up adjectives from the following words:
-
colour, beauty, peace, use, hope, truth, rain, help, power, pain, care.
-
§2. Сослагательное наклонение в условных предложениях,
-
Сослагательное наклонение выражает возможность, нереальность, предположительность действия.
-
Изъявительное наклонение.
-
If I learn his address I shall write to him. — Если я узнаю его адрес, я ему напишу.
-
Сослагательное наклонение:
-
If I knew his address I would write to him. — Если бы я знал его адрес (сейчас), я написал бы ему (сейчас или в ближайшем будущем). Глагол в придаточном предложении — в форме Past Indefinite, в главном — в форме Future in the Past.
-
В случае, если действие, описываемое сослагательным наклонением, относится к прошедшему времени, в главном предложении используется форма будущего совершенного с точки зрения прошедшего Future Perfect in the Past, а в придаточном — прошедшее совершенное Past Perfect.
-
If I had known his address I would have written to him. — Если бы я знал его адрес (в прошлом), я написал бы ему (в прошлом же).
-
I wish I lived not far from here. (настоящее время). —Жаль, что я не живу поблизости.
-
I wish I had lived not far from here (прошедшее время). — Жаль, что я не жил поблизости.
-
-
Exercise 9.6. Translate into Russian:
-
1. If I came later I would be late for the lesson. 2. If he had known the time-table he wouldn't have missed the train. 3. It would be better if you learned the oral topics. 3. I wish I had known this before the examination. 4. I would have come to you if you had not lived so far away. 5. If I had seen you yesterday I would have given you my text-book. 6. If I were in your place I wouldn't buy the tickets beforehand. 7. If I had known that you needed help I would have helped you.
-
Unit 1
-
METALS
-
I. Text a: «Metals», Text b: «Steel», Text c: «Methods of steel heat treatment»
-
II. Famous Scientists. Dmitry Ivanovlch Mendeleyev.
-
-
Text a: «metals»
-
Metals are materials most widely used in industry because of their properties. The study of the production and properties of metals is known as metallurgy.
-
The separation between the atoms in metals is small, so most metals are dense. The atoms are arranged regularly and can slide over each other. That is why metals are malleable (can be deformed and bent without fracture) and ductile (can be drawn into wire). Metals vary greatly in their properties. For example, lead is soft and can be bent by hand, while iron can only be worked by hammering at red heat.
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The regular arrangement of atoms in metals gives them a crystalline structure. Irregular crystals are called grains. The properties of the metals depend on the size, shape, orientation, and composition of these grains. In general, a metal with small grains will be harder and stronger than one with coarse grains.
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Heat treatment such as quenching, tempering, or annealing controls the nature of the grains and their size in the metal. Small amounts of other metals (less than 1 per cent) are often added to a pure metal. This is called alloying (легирование) and it changes the grain structure and properties of metals.
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All metals can be formed by drawing, rolling, hammering and extrusion, but some require hot-working. Metals are subject to metal fatigue and to creep (the slow increase in length under stress) causing deformation and failure. Both effects are taken into account by engineers when designing, for example, airplanes, gas-turbines, and pressure vessels for high-temperature chemical processes. Metals can be worked using machine-tools such as lathe, milling machine, shaper and grinder.
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The ways of working a metal depend on its properties. Many metals can be melted and cast in moulds, but special conditions are required for metals that react with air.
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Vocabulary:
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property — свойство
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metallurgy — металлургия
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separation — разделение, отстояние
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dense — плотный
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arrangement — расположение
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regularly — регулярно, правильно
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to slide — скользить
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malleable — ковкий, податливый, способный деформироваться
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bent pp of bend — гнуть
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to fracture — ломать
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ductile — эластичный, ковкий
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to draw — волочить, тянуть
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wire — проволока
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lead — свинец
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iron — железо, чугун
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grain — зерно
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to depend — зависеть
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size — размер, величина
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shape — форма, формировать
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composition — состав
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coarse — грубый, крупный
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treatment — обработка
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quenching — закалка
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tempering — отпуск после закалки, нормализация
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annealing — отжиг, отпуск
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rolling — прокатка
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to hammer — ковать (напр. молотом)
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extrusion — экструзия
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metal fatigue — усталость металла
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creep — ползучесть
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stress — давление,
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failure — повреждение, разрушение
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vessel — сосуд, котел, судно
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lathe — токарный станок
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milling machine — фрезерный станок
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shaper — строгальный станок
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grinder — шлифовальный станок
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to melt — плавить, плавиться расплавить
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to cast — отливать, отлить
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mould — форма (для отливки)