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2. Answer questions:

  1. What are other terms for genetic engineering?

  2. What kind of genetically modified food can we find to­day?

  3. What is a cell?

  4. What single-celled organisms do you know?

  5. What are proteins?

  6. What is the main function of chromosomes?

  7. What does DNA stand for?

  8. What is genome?

  9. Why is information contained in the DNA called the universal code of life?

  1. What is a gene?

  2. What for is GE used?

3. Make a plane of the text.

4. Choose one of your group mates and ask him about genetic engineering. Give him a mark. Cloning

1. Read the text and write all words to be important:

The news from Scotland arrived like a thunderstorm. The birth of Dolly, the sheep grown from an egg cell whose nucleus had been replaced with DNA from the mammary tissue of a six-year-old ewe, became known to the whole world. Cloning was at hand. Then ABS Global, Inc., a small company specializing in reproductive services in De Forest, Wisconsin, announced that ten Holstein cows cloned from differentiated cells, would soon be born.

The general public responded immediately after the first publication appeared. "Parade", the American Sunday news­paper supplement, asked several teenagers to speak about human cloning. "You can clone every part of a human body," said one 18-year-old. "So people will be cloned, but you won't know who the clones are walking down the street — and how do you know if they're going to have a soul?" Cloning, as the teenager's reaction shows, interferes with human insecurities about personal identity. Public attitudes about human cloning, of course, are both formed by the movies and reflected in them. After 70 years of watching humans being duplicated on-screen, moviegoers are in a special position to answer the question: What do we really think about cloning?

Nevertheless, the prospects for cloning are largely posi­tive. Cloning will make it easier and safer to find acceptable donor organs for people who need transplants.

The benefits of cloning a prize steer are clearly under­stood by farmers. Cloning could make transgenics — the transfer of human genes into animal cells — an economic reality. But the defects of monoculture that have already been observed in cloned crops would surely also apply to cloned animals.

For science itself, the cloning of Dolly is only the latest success in the research that began a few decades ago with an attempt to answer one of the central puzzles in developmen­tal biology: How does the fertilized egg give rise to so many different kinds of cells?

2. Find in text the English for the following words and phrases:

материнская ткань; клонирование; клонировать; выделенные клетки; отреагировать; клонирование чело­века; душа; внедряться в; опасения; отличительная черта личности; отношение общественности к чему-либо; упрощать что-либо; попытка; загадка; оплодотворенная яйцеклетка.

3. Using text (and your dictionary), complete the list of definitions:

to clone — to create an animal or plant in a laboratory from the animal's or plant's DNA.

clone — an exact copy of an animal or plant created in a laboratory from the animal's or plant's DNA.

to transplant

transplantation

transfer

to transfer

transgenic