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9. Here are some answers. What are the questions?

  1. The adult animal body.

  2. If about one-third of the blood is lost.

  3. Red and white blood cells.

  4. About 7 to 8 % of the plasma.

  5. By electrical methods developed during and after World War II.

  6. Oxygen and carbon dioxide.

  7. From the digestive system.

  8. Regulate body temperature.

10. Correcting mistakes. In each of the following sentences there is one mistake. Find it and correct it.

  1. Have I to learn more about plasma proteins?

  2. The organs of excretion get rid of waste products.

  3. It conveys hormones, isn't it?

  4. Blood is a very complex substance, is it?

  5. There are more than 5 quarts of blood in the adult human body.

  6. Peter has had measles a year ago.

  7. Those bacteria are converted sugars into bread at the moment.

  8. I can't find my stethoscope. Have you got him?

  9. That virus didn't be discovered by Walter Reed.

  10. Hormones are conveyed bye blood.

11. Translate the following expanded sentences into English.

  1. Кровь – это жидкость.

  2. Кровь — это жидкость, текучая часть системы кровообращения

  3. Кровь — это жидкость, текучая часть системы кровообращения, в которой содержатся газы, такие как кислород и уг­лекислый газ.

  4. Кровь— это жидкость, текучая часть системы кровообращения, в которой содержатся газы, такие как кислород и уг­лекислый газ.

  5. Кровь— это жидкость, текучая часть системы кровообращения, в которой содержатся газы, такие как кислород и уг­лекислый газ, а также плазма, тромбоциты, эритроциты, лейкоциты и другое.

Blood functions

1. Read following new words to know and make word combinations.

nutrient substances – питательные вещества

alimentary canal – пищеварительный канал

tissue - ткань

metabolism – процесс пищеварения

organs of excretion – органы выделения

endocrine gland – эндокринные гормоны

equalizing - уравнение, баланс

body temperature – температура тела

defense - защита

constant environment – постоянная среда

fluid matrix – жидкое вещество

homeostasis – гомеостаз

2. Read and translate the text.

Blood fulfills a number of functions, most of which are included in the following summary: 1) It carries nutrient substances from the alimentary canal to the tissues. 2) It transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. 3) It removes the waste products of metabolism from the tissues to the organs of excretion. 4) It transports the secretions of the endocrine glands. 5) It aids in the equalization of the water content of the body. 6) Because of its high specific heat it is an important aid in equalizing body temperature. 7) It is concerned in the regulation of the hydrogen ion concentration in the organ­ism. 8) It assists in the body defenses against microorganisms.

For proper functioning the cells of the body, particularly the highly spe­cialized ones, require a remarkably constant environment. This is spoken of as the internal environment, or fluid matrix, of the organism. It is the same as the extra cellular fluid of the body and is comprised of the interstitial fluid and the blood plasma. Evidently many of the functions of the blood are directed to­ward the maintenance of the constancy of the internal environment, of which the blood plasma is a part. This maintenance is spoken of as homeostasis.