I. Answer the following questions:

I. Why is the problem of building skyscrapers so important for .the skyline of a city? 2. What proves the necessity of building horizontally? 3. What is the tendency now in building dwellings? 4. What is the percentage of citizens who like to live high up? 5 .In what cases is high building unnecessary? 6.What can be said about a London skyline?

II. Choose the correct variant and complete the sentences. Memorise them:

1. Britain's tourists come to see ... (a) modern skyscrapers, b) Westminster Abbey). 2. The balance of opinion at present is ... ( a) against tall buildings, b) against low buildings). 3. Tall buildings ... ( a) efface the traditional landscape in London; b) make the traditional landscape more beautiful).

III. Complete the following sentences:

1.It is impossible to build towers without... 2. High buildings are said to be ... .3. Skyscrapers efface ... .4. One can see the tendency now towards ... 5. It is clear that high buildings are inconvenient for ... 6. A London skyline consisting of slim elegant towers lias....

Unit II Builder`s work

Industrialised building methods

Industrialised building means a high degree of pre-fabrication applied to domestic or other construction so as to reduce site work to a minimum. This involves careful planning, and a maximum of standardisation.

The quantity of factory work on the building components is highly increased so as to reduce the cost and improve the quality and speed of construction.

Large-panel construction is one of industrialised building methods which was first applied in the USSR. It consists of using reinforced concrete panels one or two storeys high, sometimes made of light-weight insulating concrete.

For large-panel timber walls which have been prefabricated for many years both in Europe and America, the term is not used.

EXERCISES

І. Answer the following questions:

1.What is meant by "industrialised building"? 2. What does this method involve? 3. How can the cost of construction be reduced? 4. Where was large-panel construction applied first? 5. What does the method of large-panel construction consist of?

ІІ. Read and translate the following word conbinations:

industrialised building methods; high degree of pre-fabrication; maximum of standardisation; to reduce site work; one or two storeys high; large-panel construction

III. Translate the following sentences:

1. A maximum of standardisation is needed to reduce site work to a minimum. 2. The up-to-date machinery is-used on construction sites. 3. Large-panel construction was first applied in the USSR. 4. A high degree of pre-fabrication is important for housing construction. 5. Prefabricated rooms and flats can be assembled into houses,

IV. Translate the text into Russian using a dictionary: Tower Crane Remote Control Programming System

Tower cranes are used for assembling large-size prefabricated elements. In addition to hoisting and conveying they also perform the operation of placing the elements in accordance with the construction project. The programming control system is to accomplish this task. The crane fulfils this operation under the remote radio control of the warehouse scaffolder, on the one hand, and the main in charge of assembling, on the other.The operator's place is to be close to the job, where the elements are placed. Any crane engine may be switched on from the control panel. The delivery of prefabricated elements from warehouse is performed automatically. It requires only to press the "address" and program starting buttons. The automatic system provides the lifting of loads to a permissible height and takes the shortest route to deliver it to the assigned place at a minimum time. The use of control programming system ensures most favourable and safe operating conditions for all crane mechanisms. There is no need of a crane operator. The system in^: creases the productivity of labour, reduces operating costs.